美国合同模板法概述

则该人为受益

人。

§

3. AGREEMENT DEFINED; BARGAIN DEFINED

协议的定义；

An agreement is a manifestation of mutual assent on the

part of two or more persons. A bargain is an agreement

to

exchange

promises

or

to

exchange

a

promise

for

a

performance or to exchange performances.

.

交易磋商约定的定义

一个协议确实是两个或两个以上的人一

致的意思表示。一个交易磋商约定是为 允诺与允诺之间的交换，

或为允诺与义务履行的交换，或为义务履行之间的交换而

1 / 1

达成的协议。

§

4. How a Promise May Be Made

允诺如何作出

A promise may be stated in words either oral or written,

or may be inferred w holly or partly from conduct.

一个允诺能够用口头 言词或书面文字作出，

也能够完全或部分地

从行为中推断而得。

§

5. Terms of Promise, Agreement, or Contract

允诺，协议

或 合同的条件

(1) A term

of

promise

or agreement

is that

portion of

the

intention

or

assent

manifested

which

relates

to

a

particular matter.

允诺或协议的条件确实是当事人就特定的事项表示了部分的缔

约意图或对缔约的 赞同。

(2)

A

term

of

contract

is

that

portion

of

the

legal

relations resulting from the promise or set of promises

which relates to a particular matter, whether or not the

1 / 1

parties manifest an intention to create those relations.

合同 的条件确实是由于当事人就特定事项作出了一个或一系列

的允诺，

由此引起他们之间部分法律关系的存在，

不管当事人是

否作出 意思表示要建立这些

法律关系。

§

6. Formal Contracts

要式合同

The

following

types

of

contracts

are

subject

in

some

respects

to

special

rules

that

depend

on

their

formal

characteristics

and

differ

from

those

governing

contracts in general:

下列类型的合同依照其形式上的特征，

在某 些方面受不同于一般

合同规则的法律规则的调整：

(1) Contracts under seal,

盖印合同

(2) Recognizances,

保证书

(3) Negotiable instruments and document s,.

可流通票据和单

据

4

）

Letters of credit

信用证

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§

7. Voidable contracts

可撤消的合同

A voidable contract is one where one or more parties have

the power, by a manifestation of election to do so, to

avoid the legal relations created by the contract, or

by

ratification

of

the

contract

to

extinguish

the power of avoidance.

假如合同的一方或多方当事人有权通过意思表示，

或通过订立一

个取消撤消权的合同，

撤消该合同差不 多建立的法律关系，

则该

合同为可撤消的合同。

§

8. Unenforceable Contracts

不能强制执行的合同

An unenforceable contract is one for the breach of which

neither the remedy of damages nor the remedy of specific

performance is available, but which is recognized in some

other

way

as

creating

a

duty

of

performance,

though

there has been no ratification.

不可强制执行的合同是指如此一种合同，

即违反该合同导致损害

赔偿救济和强制履行救济均不可适用，

然而却被认为是以其他方

式创设了并没有获得认可的

履行义务。

1 / 1

Chapter

2

FORMATION

OF

CONTRATCTS------PARTIES

AND

CAPACITY

第二章

合同的订立——当事人及其缔约能力

§

9. Parties Required

合同当事人

There

must

be

at

least

two

parties

to

a

contract,

a

promisor

and

a

promisee,

but

there

may

be

any

greater

number.

合同必须至少有两个当事人，

即允诺人和受允诺人，

然而也能够

有两个以上更多的当 事人。

§

10.

Multiple

Promisors

and

Promisees

of

the

Same

Performance

针对同一项履行的多个允诺人和受允诺人

(1) Where there are more promisors than one in a contract,

some or all of them may promise the same performance,

whether

or

not

there

are

also

promises

for

separate

performances.

1 / 1

假如一个合同中有多个 允诺人，

则部分或全部的允诺人能够就同

一项履行作出允诺，不 管他们是否就个不的义务履行作出允诺。

(2) Where there are more promises than one in a contract,

a promise may be made to some or all of them as a unit,

whether

or

not

the

same

or

another

performance

is

separately promised to one or more of them.

假如一个合同中不只有一个允诺，

则部分或全部的 允诺人能够一

个单位作出允诺，

不管相同或另外的履行义务是否 被单独地对一

个或一个以上的允诺人允诺。

§

11. When a Person May Be Both Promisor and Promisee

何时允诺人和受允诺人能够同为一人

A

contract

may

be

formed

between

two

or

more

persons

acting as a unit and one or more but fewer than all of

these persons, acting either singly or with other persons.

< /p>

在由两个或两个以上的人共同代表的一个单位和这些人中的一

个或 部分多数之间能够缔结合同，

这些人能够单独地或者同他人

1 / 1

一起行事。

§

12. Capacity to Contract

缔约能力

(1) No one can be bound by contract who has not legal

capacity to incur at least voidable contractual duties,

Capacity to contract may be partial and its existence in

respect of a particular transaction may depend upon the

nature of the transaction or upon other circumstances.

没有法律行为能力的缔约人所缔结的合同所产生的义务 是可撤

消的，

该合同对缔约人并没有约束力。

< br>是否享有部分缔约能力以

及是否就某一特定交易享有

< /p>

缔约能力取决于该交易的本质或者

其他一些情况。

(2)

A

natural

person

who

manifests

assent

to

a

transaction has full legal capacity to incur contractual

duties thereby unless he is

一个自然人假如就某项

交易作出同意的意思表示，则该自然人

享有完全合法的创设合同义务的缔约能

力，除非该自然人是

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(a) under guardianship, or

处于监护之中，或

(b) an infant, or

为成年人，或

(c)

mentally

ill

or

defective,

or

有精神疾病或精神缺陷

者，或

(d) intoxicated.

醉酒者。

§

13. Persons Affected by Guardianship

受监护的人

A person has no capacity to incur contractual duties if

his

property

is

under

guardianship

by

reason

of

an

adjudication of mental illness or defect.

假如一个人由于被判决存在精神疾病或精神 缺陷，其财产处于

监管之中，则该人没有创设合同义务的行为能力。

§

14. Infants

未成年人

Unless

a

statute

provides

otherwise

,

a

natual

person

has

the

capacity

to

incur

only

voidable

contractual

1 / 1

duties

until

the

beginning

of

the

day

before

the

person’s eighteenth birthday.

除非法令另有规定，自然人在

18

岁 生日之前只具有创设可撤消

合同义务的行为能力。

§

15. Mental Illness or Defect

有精神病或精神缺陷的人

(1)

A

person

incurs

only

voidable

contractual

duties by entering into a transaction if by reason

of mental illness or defect

在下列情况下，

一个存在精神疾病或精神缺陷的人，

在从事交易

活动时所创设的合同义务是能够撤消的：

(a)

he

is

unable

to

understand

in

a

reasonable

manner

the nature and consequences of the transaction, or

他不能 以正常方式理解此项交易的性质以及会产生的后果，

或者

(b) he

is unable

to

act

in a reasonable manner

in relation

to the transaction and the other party has reson to know

of his condition.

1 / 1

他不能像正常人那样从事此项交易，

同时交易的相对方有合理的

理由明白这一事实。

(2)

Where

the

contract

is

made

on

fair

terms

and

the

other party is without knowledge of the mental illness

or defect, the power of a voidance under Subsection (1)

terminates to the extent that the contract has

been

so

preformed

in

whole

or

in

part

or

the

circumstances have so changed that a voidance would be

unjust. In

such a case a court may grant

relief as

justice

requires.

假如合同的缔 结是基于公平的条款，同时他方当事人不明白该

缔约人患有

< /p>

精神疾病或存在精神缺陷，那么，假如该合同差不

多被全部或部分 地履行或者情势变更，

以至撤消该合同有失公平，

则在