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Unit 3
判断题第一题和选择题第一题（
C
选项）貌似矛盾。
。
问答题：
1
、
What are some
of the characteristics of the British
constitutional monarchy? How has the
English monarchy evolved gradually to
the present constitutional monarchy?
A:
①
the
official
head
of
state
is
the
monarchy
with
traditional
and
symbolic
power.
The
government is elected by people and
governs according to the constitutional
principles.
②
In
ancient times, the monarchy ruled the country
according to the ancient doctrine
“
Divine right
of
God
”
. At that time ,
monarchy had great power. In the medieval time ,
when the King
?
s own
wealth
could
n?
t
cover
royal
expenses,
he
would
try
to
persuade
the
Great
Council
to
give
him
some
extra money.
By the 13th century, Kings
widen the Great Council to raise more money. In
this way, the Great
Council came to
include who were summoned by name and
representatives of communities.
The
power of parliament became bigger and bigger over
time. In the 17th century , the Civil War
broke out which was rooted in a dispute
of the power of the King and Parliament. The
roundheads
representing the Parliament
defeated the royalists. But a restoration to the
throne was achieved by
Charles
Ⅱ
in 1660.
In 1688, the King
agreed to declare that governing without the
parliament is illegal in the Glorious
Revolution.
In 1689,the Bill
of Right was passed by parliament which make sure
the King would never be able
to ignore
the parliament.
2
、
How did the
doctrine of the
“
divine
right of king
”
, according to
the author, lead to the
Civil War? What
do you know about the revolution of the 17th
century?
A:
①
It was held that the sovereign derived
his authority from God not from his subjects. So
the
sovereign
can
do
whatever
he
likes.
But
with
the
acquisition
of
power
of
Parliament
,
king
?
s
power
was
limited.
The
Civil
war
was
rooted
in
a
dispute
over
the
power
of
the
king
and
parliament.
②
there were two revolutions of 17th
century: the civil war and the glorious
revolution.
The civil war
was led by the roundheads that representing
Parliament defeated the royalists. The
roundheads succeeded in ousting the
monarchy, Charles
Ⅰ
, in 1642
and ruled for 18years before
the
monarchy, Charles
Ⅱ
, was
restored.
The glorious revolution
happened in1688, when the king James
Ⅱ
also tried to
govern without
the
consent
of
the
parliament.
Leading
politicians
and
authorities
of
the
church
ask
James
?
son-in-law William of Orange, to
replace him. In return, William promised these
representatives
that he will declare
that governing without the parliament consent to
be illegal.
In 1689 parliament passed
the Bill of Right that the king would never be
able to ignore parliament.
3
、
What is the
history of English parliament? What role did the
parliament play in the civil
war?
A:
①
The
term
was
first
used
officially
in
1236
to
describe
the gathering of
feudal
barons and
representatives
from counties and towns which the king
occasionally summoned if he wanted to
raise money. By the 13th Century, king
found they could not make the ends meet by asking
money
from this quite small group, and
so they widened the Great Council to include
representatives of
counties, cities and
was in this way that the Great Council came to
include both those
who
were
summoned
“
by
name
”
(the
House
of
Lords)and
representatives
of
communities(the
House of Commons).The two houses exist
today collectively we call them the Parliament.
②
Parliament
represents
the
community
,having
no
real
political
right
,and
It
was
the
effort
to
reassert the rights of
Parliament that led to the civil war.
4
、
Discuss the
major characteristics and the main content of
British constitution
A: Israel and
Britain are the only two countries without written
constitutions.
The
foundations
of
British
Constitution
are
laid
out
in
:
①
statute
law
which
are
passed
by
Parliament.
②
the
common law : laws which have been written through
common practice in courts.
③
conventions : rules and practices which
do not exist legally but are nevertheless regarded
as
vital to the working of government.
5
、
Why
does the author say that parliament is supreme in
the British state? What function
does
parliament have? What role does the Queen (king)
and Prime Minister play in British
government?
A:
①
parliament can change the
terms of Constitution and there are not legal
restraints upon it.
②
First, It pass laws which is the most
important one
Second, It provides the
means of carrying on the work of government by
voting for taxation.
Third, It
scrutinizes government policy, administration and
expenditure
Fourth, It debates the
major issues of the day.
③
The Queen is the head of executives, an
integral part of the legislature, head of the
judiciary,
commander of chief of the
armed forces, a confidante to the prime minister.
④
the prime
minister is the leader of the party which wins the
most supporters in the Commons.
He form
the government.
6
、
What
kind
of
institution
is
the
house
of
Lords?
What
role
does
it
play
in
the
British
government.
A:
①
The
house
of
Lords
is
made
of
the
Lords
Spiritual
(archbishops
and
most
prominent
bishops of the
church of England) and the Lords of Temporal
(everyone else)
②
peers speak and vote as individuals in
parliament , not as representatives of the great
interests
of the country. Because the
house of Lords is a part of the parliament ,it
must agree to pass a given
legislation
before the legislation is put into effect.(
课本
40
页第四段
)
Unit 7
1
、
< br>（
1
）
The purpose
of school is to provide children with literacy and
the other basic skills they will
to
become active members of society. But the purpose
of the British education system is also to
socialize children.
（
2
）开放题
2
、
The
controversies in education system reflect the
deeper divisions in British society as a whole.
Britain is a society in which social
class is still very important: class inequality
can be erased or
continued
according
to
educational
policy.
If
you
understand
the
importance
of
the
relationship
between
education
and
social
class,
you
can
understand
a
great
deal
about
British
culture
and
society.
3
、
（
1
）
When the Germans began dropping bombs on British cities,750000 school children were
“evacuated”
to
live
in
the
countryside
where
it
was
hoped
they
would
be
safer.
Schools
were
closed or used for war
purposes and education continued in the
countryside on an hoc basis.
（
2
）
more equality
（
3
）
①
The result was the 1944 Education Act which made entry to secondary
（
midd
le
）
schools
and
universities “meritocratic”.
②
In
the 1960s,comprehensive schools were introduced
all over the country, which ended
the
division
between
grammar
schools.
Entrance
exams
were
abolished
and
schools
were
no
longer allowed to let
children “compete” for places.
4
、
Universities,
reflecting
the
trend
throughout
the
education
system,
have
traditionallyvbeen
rather
elitist. Most students were from the middle
classes, attended good schools, performed well
in their A-levels and received a fully-
funded placein a university.
5
、
(1)The open
University offers a non-traditional route for
people to take university level courses
and
receive
a
university
degree.
People
can
register
without
having
any
formal
educational
qualifications.
They
follow
university
courses
through
textbooks,
TV
and
radio
broadcasts,
correspondence,
videos, residential schools and a network of study
centres.
(2)
开放题
Unit 9
I.
TTFTT FFTTT
II.
CDBAA CBCAA
III.
1.
reading
newspapers
2.
national, daily
3.
quality
4.
the Guardian
5.
the tabloid
6.
censorship
7.
the British
Broadcasting Corporation
8.
BBC One;BBC Two
9.
The tabloids
10.
The Financial
Time
11.
The
Official Secret Act
12.
Functions, culture
IV
.
1.
quality papers
one
of
the
categories
of
the
national
dailies
which
carry
more
serious,
in-depth
articles
of
particular political, reviews and
feature articles about high culture. They are also
referred as the
??broadsheets?? and
their readers are generally a
well
-educated middle class audience.
2.
tabloids
a small format newspapers with color
photos and catchy headlines. Usually interested in
scandals
and gossip about famous
people.
3.
the Times
The Times began
publish
ing in 1785 and it is the United
Kingdom?s oldest daily newspaper.
4.
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation.
Founded in 1927 as a public service radio station
and later
moved in television. It?s
Britain? main public service broadcaster which has
2
channels.
Questions
1.
Because for
most British people, most day begin with a look at
the morning newspapers. On
an average
day, 90% of Britons over the
age of15 read a national or local
paper. And in the
evening, most Britons
settle down to watch some television:96%of the
population watch TV
at least once a
week.
They
provide
people
with
information
about
political
and
social
issues;
provide
weather
reports; carry advertising; provide
people a forum for people to express their views
or seek
advice. But British media play
an important role in engendering a national
culture.
2.
British newspaper culture is unusual in
the extent to which class educational differences
are
reflected
in
the
newspapers
people
read.
Although
most
newspapers
are
financially
independent of
political parties, they often express particular
political views and most people
will
choose to read a newspaper which accords with
their own fellings.
Newspaper
reading
in
America
is
a
mainly
middle-
class
habit,
but
in
Britain
the
“lower
classes” are
al
so regulars.
3.
There is no particular state
censorship, but many British laws limit the
freedom of the press.
The
media
such
as
journal
is
also
affected
by
the
Official
Secrets
Acts,
a
legal
act
which
stipulates that all government
information is kept secret unless the government
says it can be
released.
4.
The BBC is
funded by license fees and viewers must buy a
license each year for their TV set.
Because the BBC is funded by
license fees, there are technically no
commercials,
although
between shows there are trailers for
upcoming shows and promotions for products
associated
with the BBC.
Unit10
一．
判断、选择、填空
校对
判断
10. F
P157
Scotland
Line 2 (In Ireland [Scotland], New
Year
’
s
Eve
…
)
填空
4 Royal Ascot
P153 Line3
二．
问答
Q1:
Find
some
examples
from
the
text
to
demonstrate
how
Christian
Church
has
influenced the sports
and leisure activities of the British.
A1:
Example 1: Sunday is
still the day that most people have off in the UK
because it is
the day of the week when
everyone traditionally went to Church.
Example
2:
Tennis
was
invented
in
Britain
and
it
owes
its
origins,
literally,
to
the
Church. Church records indicate that by
the mid-15
th
century, people
were making a
game of bouncing a ball
off the side of their local churches or
cathedrals, fisrt using
the hand, and
later a racquet.
Q2:
Why
is
cricket
very
English?
Why
does
the
author
believe
that
cricket
was
associated with a set of English
values?
A2:
Cricket was one
of the very first team sports in Britain to have
oragnised rules and to
be played
according to the same rules nationally.
In
the
19
th
century,
cricket
became
a
“
snob
”
game
played
by
boys
who
attended
public
schools.
As
generations
of
public
school
boys
grew
up
to
become
the
civil
servants and rulers of
the UK, cricket became associated with a set of
English values,
in particular the idea
of
“
fair
play
”
which characterized
British government
Q3: How
do the British celebrate Christmas? In what way
does this holiday and the
ways of
celebration in Britain reflect Western cultural
tradition in general and British
traditions in particular?
A3:
Form ancient times there
are many Celtic or pagan traditions such as
decorating the
house with evergreen
plants like holly and ivy, or kissing under a twig
of mistletoe.
Nowadays Christmas is
celebrated by exchanging gifts and Christmas
cards, preparing
holiday
foods
and
decorating
homes
and
workplaces
its
coloured
lights
Christmas
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