新题型讲解

段落句子填空题解题步骤

< br>1.

阅读与空白处衔接的句子或段落，思考空白处可能要讲述的内容。

2.

阅读每个选项，寻找能确定答案的线索词： 代词、逻辑关联词、数字等

3.

用代 入法通读全文，检查答案是否合理。

（一）利用代词做题

1.

如果选项中有

指示代词

+

名词的情况，表明文章中此选项所在空白处的前面往往出现了这

个名词，或这个名词的同义改写，或与这个名词相关的概念。常见的

指示代词

有

this

、

that

、

these

、

those

和

such

等。

以

2012

年真题为例：

选项

A

的开头出现了指示代词

+

名词

“

these superfluous things

”

，

< br>这说明文章中这句话的前面

出现了“

superfluo us things

”字样或者相关概念，经过定位寻找，

43

题所在的段落提到了

“

superfluous material goods< /p>

”

，意为“丰富的物质财富”

，因此正确 答案为

A

。

同样，

选项

F

中提到了

“

this pyramid of production

”

，

这说 明文章中这句话的前面出现了

“

this

pyramid of production

”字样或者相关 概念，经过定位寻找，

44

题所在的段落第二句提到了

“

a pyramid of production

”

，因此正确答案为

F

。

2.

利用第三人称代词的主格、宾格和所有格做题

he(him/his

）或

she(her/her)

，

they(them/their)

，

it

（

its

）

代词指代的名词的单复数形式要一致

同样，以

2012

年真题为例：

C

< br>选项中连续出现了两次人称代词

they

，

而根据选项前半部分的意思

“他们不但发明了这个

设 备”可知，

they

指的是表示人物的复数名词，文章中

41

题所在的段落出现了“

geniuses,

warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries

”

，这些都是指人的复数名词。同时

C

选项中的“

such a

device

”指代此段落中的“

a fabulous machine

”

。因此正确答案为

C

。

文章中

42

题的空后出现了

“

call it a secret war

”

，

可知空格处 所填内容中应提到

“

a secret war

”

字样相关概念，选项

D

中提到了“

a secret war

”

，因此正确答案为

D

。

最后，

“复现”原则

解决

45

(45) .

What counts as

meaningful uploading?

[G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage

thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly,

meaningful uploading.

3.

使用代词的注意事项

1

）如果指示代词后面没有出现名词，那么该指 示代词用处不大。

无用：

2013

44

空后

This is adequate amount ...

2012

D This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between

2010

D All in all, this clearly seems to be ...

有用：

2011

E besides professionalising the professions by this separation ,

< /p>

（

2

）若选项中出现了

< br>they(them/their)

，要弄清楚它指代的是人还是物。

（

3

）

it

既可以作形式主语，也可以作形式宾语，强调句。其使用情况较为复杂。

2012 A

Of course,

it

is precisely these superfluous things

that

define human culture

2011 D one reason why

it

is hard to design and teach

such

courses is that

（

4

）代词出现在选项的第一句或文章中空格的后面一句时更 容易用来定位信息。

（二）利用逻辑关联词做题

1

、并列：

1)

当句中的信息是以并列列举的形式展示时，所列举的成分在语法上必须是并列的。< /p>

例如

:

Not parallel: Mr. Henry is a lawyer, a politician and he teaches English very well..

Parallel: Mr. Henry is a lawyer, a politician and a teacher.

2.)

表并列关系的单词或词组有：

and, or, equally, also, meanwhile, while, furthermore, moreover, similarly

on one side(hand)...on the other side(hand) ...,

one...another...,

For one thing...for another..., the former...the latter...,

one...the other...another...,

some...others...still others...,

等。

2

、转折：

but

yet

however

3

、因果：

以

2008

年真题为例：

(43)

Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to

place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing

on the other side.

［

A

］

To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can

easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write

on only one side

of the paper.

以

2005

年真题为例：

42. .

But

―national‖ doesn’t have to mean that. ―National‖ could mean interprovincial

—

provinces

combining efforts to create one body.

[C] What does “national” mean?

Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a

federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.

再看本篇文章

[B]

Or they could read

Mr. Kirby’s

report:

―The substantial buying power of such an agency

would strengthen the public prescription

—

drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible

purchase prices from drug companies.‖

Premiers love to quote M

r. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal

money. Perhaps

they should read

what he had to say about drugs: ―A national drug agency would

provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the

ever-

increasing cost of drugs.‖

45.

So

when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should

also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.

再看本篇文章

[F]

So,

if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it,

starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs,

prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.

That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep

rising fast.

44.

（三）利用语义关联做题

2014

2013

解析

:

1

、

划出选项线索词

[B]

However,

the

numbers

are

still

small:

in

2010,

about

1,600

of

the

100,000

social-sciences

papers published globally included one of these keywords.

[E]

These issues

all have root causes in human behavior: all require behavioral change and social

innovations, as well as technological development.

[F]

Despite these

factors,

many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle

such problems

.

同时注意

B

和

G

为数字选项

2

、

阅读与 空白处衔接的句子或段落，思考空白处可能要讲述的内容。

The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional

social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According

to the

World Social Science Report

2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has

swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today's global challenges, including

climate change, security, sustainable development and health

. (41)__ _________________

Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically

engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and

distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

优先思考有线索词的选项

[E]

These issues

，

F

these

factors

都可以对应空格前

climate change, security, sustainable

development and health

.

代入验证

[E]

选项第

2

句

Ste mming

climate change

, for ex ample,

很好的对应

41

空前，< /p>

“复现”

，

并且

41

空后谈

Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools

与

[E] human behavior

话题

具有连贯性。

----------

锁定

[E]

在剩下的

[B]

< br>、

[F]

当中，

However

几乎是必考题，可以优先；

Analyses reveal that

the number of papers

including the keywords

―

environmental change

‖

or

―

climate change

‖

have increased rapidly since 2004

. (43)_________________

-----

[

B

]

剩下

[F]

Despite these

factors,

…………

such problems

.

2

段末句

Here, too,

the problems

are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and

prosperity.

和