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名词解释：
New
England
:
a
region
in
the
northeastern
corner
of
the
United
States,
it
consists
of
the
states of
Maine,
New
Hampshire,
Vermont,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, and Connecticut. In the
late 18th century, the New England
colonies would be among the first North
American British colonies.
(2)
The Bill of
Rights
: the Bill of Rights is the name
by which the first ten
amendments
to
the
United
States
Constitution
are
known.
They
are
introduced by James
Madison to the First United States Congress in
1789 as
a series of articles, and came
into effect on December 15, 1791, when they
had been ratified by three-fourths of
the States. An agreement to create the
Bill of Rights helped to secure
ratification of the Constitution itself.
(3)
The
opposition
:
the
party
which
wins
most
MP
in
the
House
of
Commons becomes the Government. By
tradition, the sovereign invites the
leader
of
that
party
to
form
a
government.
the
largest
minority
party
becomes the official
Opposition, with its own leader and
(4)
British
Public
School
:
Private
fee-paying
schools
which
are
officially
termed
independent
schools(historically
referred
to
as
schools
They
are
independent
of
local
or
central
government
control
and
they
are
originally
created
to
provide
education
for
the
sons
of
the
rich
and
aristocratic. One famous
public school is Eton.
(5)
Ivy League
:
The Ivy League is an athletic conference
comprising eight
private
institutions
of
higher
education
in
the
Northeastern
United
States.
The
eight
institutions
are
Brown
University,
Columbia University,
Cornell
University,
Dartmouth
College,
Harvard
University,
Princeton
University,
the University
of Pennsylvania, and Yale University.
(6)
The Great
Depression
: The Great
Depression began with the Wall Street
Crash of October, 1929 and rapidly
spread worldwide. Roosevelt's economic
recovery plan, the New Deal, instituted
unprecedented programs for relief,
recovery
and
reform, and
brought
about
a major
realignment of
American
politics.
(7)
The
NHS
: the National Health Service,
formally established in 1948, was
to
ensure
that
all
people
had
equal
access
to
health
care
with
the
service
funded entirely form
general taxation and National Insurance
contribution.
(8)
The British
Constitution
: the UK has no written
constitution in any one
document.
It
is
only
partly
written
and
contained
in
multiple
documents.
They mainly consist of three parts:
statute, common law or judge-made law
and conventions.
(9)
American
Constitution
:
The
United
States
is
one
of
the
youngest
nations
in
the
world
yet
its
written
institution
is
the
world's
oldest
one
in
force.
It
has
6
related
but
distinct
principles:
?
federalism
?
a
vigorous
executive
?
a
supreme
national
court
?
checks
and
balance
?
limited
government
?
a
mixed government
(10)
Constitutional
Monarchy
: In theory the monarch has
enormous power,
but
given
the
nature
of
the
constitutional
monarchy,
The
monarch
is
the
official head of the state, she is
supposed to reign but not rule.
(11)
British
Isles
: A geographical term that
includes Great Britain, the whole
of
Ireland, and many offshore island in the
surrounding sea
(12)
Oxbridge:
Oxbridge is a composite of the
University of Oxford and the
University
of Cambridge in England, and the term is now used
to refer to
them collectively, often
with implications of perceived superior
intellectual
or social status.
Oxbridge
can be used as a
noun referring to either or both
universities or as an adjective
describing them or their students.
(13)
The Melting
Pot:
It is used to describe the
assimilation of immigrants
to
the
United
States.
The
United
States
has
often
called
nation
of
immigrants
and intermarriage
of ethnicities.
(14)
TAFE
:
Technical
and
Further
Education
are
offered
by
Technical
and
Further
Education
institutes.
Australia
TAFE
are
designed
to
provide
students
with
nationally
recognized
competencies
that
employers
have
identified as critical to their needs.
(15)
The
Declaration
of
Independence
:
The
United
States
Declaration
of
Independence is a statement adopted by
the Continental Congress on July 4,
1776, which announced that the thirteen
American colonies then at war with
Great Britain were now independent
states, and thus no longer a part of the
British Empire. It was written
primarily by Thomas Jefferson.
(16)
White
Australian
Policy
:
From
Federation
to
the
latter
part
of
20
th
century,
Australia
had
excluded
non-
European
immigrants.
Such
an
approach is the white
australia policy, a racist immigration policy made
by
the British colonists against
colored people.