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语法填空解题方法与技巧
要做好语法填空题,
理解短文是解题的前提,扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础,英语国家背景知识是必要的补充。
对于高一学生来说,及时快速地掌握语法填空这种题型的解题方法与技巧是很重要的。因此在现阶段的语
法学习中就
应该做到学以致用并根据考点进行分析归纳。
二
.
解题方法及技巧
1.
通读全文,把握大意。通读全文的目的是为了把握全文的大意,为下一步填空做好语义上的准备。
因为语义决定着
空白处应填一个什么样的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过
程中,为了准确地把握其大意,很有必要弄
清文章的题材,体裁,中心思想,写作线索,
篇章结构,段落层次,逻辑关系,词句理解等。这样有助于考生真正读
懂文章大意,也有
利于填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。
2.
仔细阅读,尝试填空。在通读全文,基本把握文章大意之后,就可以着手尝试填空了。这一步是解题的关键, 是一
个对每个段落层次以及整个语篇中的词汇、句子、语义、语言结构和上下文语境进行
综合分析并作出判断的复杂的思
维过程,也是对每个考生的英语语法基本功,英语语篇的
感觉能力,和运用英语思维的检验过程。做题时,要求考生
对空白处的词性能作出迅速的
判断,对文章句子的结构能作出准确的分析。然后才能准确无误地填出答案。
3.
复读全文,检查答案。
所有的空白处都填好了。这时,我们有必要把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。从语义和逻辑的角度
审视全文,从词义辨
析,词语搭配,和习惯用语等方方面面仔细推敲,看其语法是否正确
,行文是否通顺流畅,条理是否清晰,逻辑是否
合理,是否符合语感。要仔细揣摩,准确
定夺。
另外,还要特别注意单词的拼写,千万不能犯由于单词
写错而导致失分的低级错误。
三
.
以下题为例,谈谈语法填空题的解题思路。
阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适
当的词语,或用括号中的词语的适当形式填空:
A proverb says,
“
Time is
money
”
. But in my opinion,
time is even
1
precious than money. Why? __2__ when
money
is spent, we can earn it back.
However, when time is __3__, it will never return.
__4__ is known
to all that the time we can use is limited.
Therefore we should make __5__ use of our time to
study hard
so as to serve our country
in __6__ future.
But it is a pity that
there are a lot of people __7__ do not realize the
value of time. They __8__their precious time
smoking,
drinking and playing.
In a word, we
should form the good habit of __9__ (save) time.
Do not put off what can be done today __10__
tomorrow.
1.
根据语法知识进行填充
第
1
题,由
than
可知,
precious
p>
要用比较级,多音节形容词的比较级在前面加
more
,故此题答案为
more
。
第
7
p>
题,因
there
are…
是个句子,
do not…
应
是一个定语从句,缺主语,先行词是人,应填
who
。
2.
根据逻辑关系进行填充
就是根据上下文的逻辑关系来解题。
第
2
p>
题,因前句用
Why
提问,应当用
Because
来回答,故此题答案是
Beca
use
。
3.
根据语篇标志进行填充
语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位(句群、段落、篇章等)
。语篇间往
往有标明内在联系的词,我们称这些词为“语篇
标志词”
。如表
示结构层次的有
first, second, third, finally
等;表示逻辑关系的有
thus
,
therefore
,
so
等;表示转折关系
或变换话题的有
however,
but, by the way
等。
“语篇标志词”对迅速理
清文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系很有帮助。
第
3
题,由
表示转折的
However
可知,是指当时间失去的时候,表示
“失去”是
gone
。
第
5
p>
题,由表示结果的
Therefore
可知
,应充分利用时间,故用形容词
full
或
good
来修饰名词
use
。
p>
4.
根据固定词组进行填充
熟练掌握一些常见的词组,如
as
a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from,
congratulate...on..., devote...to..., earn
one’s living, keep one’s word, make up
one’s mind
等,对解题很有帮助。
第
6
p>
题,表示“在将来”是固定词组
in the
future
。
5.
根据句型搭配进行填充
就是根据一些常用的句型搭配,如
so/such...that..., it is...(for sb.) to
do sth., there is no doubt that..., there is no
sense in
doing
sth.
等来解题。
第
4
题,做
形式主语,用
It
,真正的主语是后面的
that
从句。
6.
根据词汇知识进行填充
指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词
必须牢记:只能接动词的
-ing
形式做宾语的动词,
只能接
to
do
做宾语的动词,
接
to do
p>
做补语的动词,
接
do
做补语的动词,
接
doing
或<
/p>
done
做补语的动词,
对句式搭配
p>
要求较为特别的词语,等等。
第
8
题,由
time
smoking
可想到是
spend/waste time
(in) doing
句型,这是由
spend/waste<
/p>
的用法所决定的;这里是
一般现在时,主语是复数,填
spend
或
waste
。
第<
/p>
9
题,因
of
是
介词,介词后的动词通常要用
-ing
形式,故填
saving
。
7.
根据生活常识进行填充
第
10
题,
结合生活常识,不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事推迟到明天去做”
,答案自然是表
示“直到”的
until/till
。
8.
根据文化背景进行填充
如
After the flood
Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_______.
这句话的意思是“水灾后邓先生一
贫如洗了”
。
as poor as a church mo
use
(一贫如洗)
,所以此处填
mo
use
。
【典型例题】
阅读下面的短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空。
A
Eric
Clapton
is
one
of
the
most
__1_____(success)
rock
stars
of
all
time.
He
has
sold
millions
of
copies
of
his
records
_____2_____ has
appeared in concerts all over the world.
Clapton was born in 1945 in a small
town, ____3____ is near London. When he was only
two years old, his mother left him.
Eric
was
brought
___4_____
by
his
grandparents.
Until
he
was
nine
he
believed
that
they
were
his
parents
and
it
was
___5_____
terrible
shock
when
he
found
out
that
they
weren’t.
But
his
grandparents
treated
him
well.
They
paid
for
him
__6____(go) to art college. ___7___
Eric had already become interested in music and he
started playing the guitar in bars and
clubs.
Clapton first became
famous when he started a group ____8_____ (call)
Cream. Not only ____9______ he play the guitar and
sing but also he could write excellent
songs. But while on stage he was the brilliant
guitar-playing superstar, his private life was
falling apart. ___10____ his marriage
broke off, he started taking drugs.
【参考答案】
1.
successful 2. and 3.
which 4. up 5. a
6. to go 7. But
8. called 9. could 10.
After
本篇文章粗略地介绍了超级摇滚巨星
Eric
Clapton
的生活。
1.
此处应该填形容词
successful.
2.
他已经出售了成百万张唱片,而且也出现在全世界的音乐
会上。前后两部分在语义上是并列关系。因此填
and.
3.
此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是地点,在从句中缺少主语,故用
which.
4.
当他两岁的时候,他妈妈就离开了他
。
Eric
当然是由爷爷奶奶抚养长大。因此我们填
brought up.
此处是被动语态。
5.
当他了解到他们不是(他的父母亲时)
< br>,那是一个非常糟糕的打击。
shock
在这里是抽象
名词具体化,因此用不定冠
词
a.
6.
但是爷爷奶奶对他很好,他们出钱让他去美术学院。
Pay
for sb. to do sth.
7.
但是
Eric
已经对音乐产生了兴趣,他开始在酒吧和夜总会弹吉他。此处表
示转折关系,用
But.
8.
他创办了一个名叫
Cream
的乐队,由此就成名了。
a
group
和
call
之间是动宾关系,因此我们填
called
,过去
分词短
语做后置定语。
9.
根据后半句也可知。他不仅能边弹吉他边唱歌,而且还能写优秀的歌曲。
10.
在舞台上,他是一个才华横溢的超级巨星。
(但是)他的私生活却在逐步地土崩瓦解。在他的婚姻生活结束之后,
他开始了吸毒。根据文章的意思,此处应该用介词
after.
【模拟试题】
(一)
仔细阅读下面的短文,短文中
有
10
个空格。请根据语境或按照括号内的具体要求完成语法填
空。
Soon after David left
college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had
no ___1___ of his own died and left David a lot of
money, so he decided to ___2___
(
短语动词
) his own real estate
agency.
He found a nice office, ___3___
(buy) some new furniture and moved in. He had only
been there for a few hours when he heard
someone coming ___4___ the door of his
office.
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