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常见动词的错误用法
英语动词是所有词类中最易犯错的一种,许多英语运用上的毛
病都和动词有关。有时,连常
用的动词都会有用法上的错误。例如有些动词意思相近,其
实不尽然。至少,在用法上,会有所
差别,如“
rise”和
“raise”,“stay”和“remain”便是。有些动词,单独用时是一个意思
和用法,加上介词时,是另一个意思和用法,如“ see”和“see
to”,“search”和“search
for
”便是。
下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子:
① Sam raises very early
eve
ry morning.
② The
monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
大家知道,
raise
是个及物动词,意思是“举起”,要有宾语;
rise
是个不及物动词,意思是
“起身”,不可有宾语。这里的①和② 都错;
raises
和
rises
必须对换才对。
③ He remained in
the Holiday Inn.
④ The
flowers stayed on the branches
< br>英语的
remain
是“留下来”;
stay
是“暂住”。显然的,③和④
是不合逻辑的,
remained
和
stayed
必须互换。
⑤ A
crook robbed her money.
⑥ A
few masked men stole a small bank last night.
虽然
robbed
< br>和
stole
都是及物动词,有自己的宾语,但是它们在
这里的用法不当。
Steal
要跟
着被
偷的东西,如钱财、珠宝等;
rob
的宾语是“人”或“处所”
。因此,⑤和⑥的
robbed
和
st
ole
要掉转一下。
类似的例子还有下面这些:
⑦
a. mend
b. repair
这两个动词都是“修理”;不同的是:简单的工作,用
mend
;复杂的或需要特别仪器的事项,
则用
repair
,如:
⑦a. You can
mend the broken part of the page with glue.
⑦b. It took some time to
repair the road.
⑧a.
burned
b. burnt
这两个动词是
burn
的过去式和过去分词;在句子中的岗位不
同,通常有宾语时用“burnt”,没
宾语时用“burned”,如:
⑧a. The love of
freed
om burned in our hearts./ The
candle has burned brightly for the
whole night.
⑧b. Who has
burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from
her former boyfriend.
至于“动词”和“助动
+
介词”的误用,我们可以看下面两组例子:
⑨
The police searched the suspects in the shopping
centre,
but nobody was arrested.
⑩ I searched for my pocket and found
some coins.
从语感就知道,
< br>⑨和⑩里的
searched
和
searched
for
是倒置了。
⑨要的是“寻找”
(
searched
for
);⑩要的是“检查”(
sea
rched
),两者对换才是。
(11) The boy says when he grows, he
will be a teacher.
(12) Their business
grows up rapiding.
英语的
grow<
/p>
是“发展”;
grow up
是“长大”
。显然的,
(11)
和
(12)
的两个动词又误用了,要
对调一下。
上面各例证明,英语动词真是不简单。看似没什么问题的,也出现了问题,更何况是复杂
特殊的
用法呢?
成对的英语短语
赵宝斌
在英语当中两个近义和相对的词用
and
或
or
连接构成成对的英语短语,
它
们经常出现在一
起,因此它们的位置固定下来,有些同汉语的位置相同,有些同汉语不同
,意义上有的和汉语相
同,少量的同汉语有些差别,下面是笔者收集的一些此类的短语。
1.
同汉语位置相同的短语
aches
and pains
痛苦
affable and
kind
和善
ancient
and modern
古今
arts and
science
文理
bag and
baggage
提包和行李
black and
white
黑白
bucket
and spade
桶和锹
brothers and
sisters
兄妹
bow
and arrow
弓和箭,
bread and
butter
面包和黄油
crack and roar
咆哮
cup and
saucer
杯子碟子
drunk
and sober
酒汉与清醒者
fair and
square
公正
far and
away
远离
far and near
远近
fire and sword
火与箭
first and
foremost
首先
first
and last
先后
fish
and chips
炸鱼和薯条
free and easy
轻松自在
friend and
foe
朋友和敌人
forward
and backward
前后
fun and
pleasure
娱乐
wife
and children
妻子和儿童
good or il
l
好歹
(
善恶
)
great and
small
大小
hale and
hearty
健壮
ham and
egg
火腿鸡蛋
hammer and
sickle
锤子与镰刀
hand
an foot
手脚
head
and shoulder
头与肩
heart and soul
心灵
heaven and
earth
天地
heavy and
light
重轻
high and
low
高低
hill and
dale
山谷
home and
abroad
国内外
horse
and cart
马车
house
and home
家居
hue
and cry
喊叫
husband and
wife
夫妻
hustle and
bustle
熙熙攘攘,
ifs
and buts
假设和转折
in
and out
进出
whole
and all
全体
import
and export
进出口
internal and
external
内外
judge
and jury
法官与陪审团
, king and
queen
国王与皇后
ladies
and gentlemen
女士与先生
knife and
pork
刀叉
kith and
kin
亲戚
land and
sea
陆海
law and
order
治安
lean and
lanky
瘦长
leaps and
bounds
跳跃
light
and shade
光阴
long
and short
长短
lord
and lady
贵族与小姐
male and female
男女
man and beast
人与兽
man and woman
男女
meek and mild
温和
sweet and sour
糖醋
more or less
或多或少
mother and
child
母子
null and
void
无效
odds and
ends
零碎
officers
and soldiers
官与兵
old and trial
久经考验
Oxford and
Cambridge
牛津剑桥
out
and away
出走
past
and present
过去与现在
weight and
measures
重量与尺寸
pick and
choose
选择
pots and
pans
坛坛罐罐
puffing and
blowing
吐烟吹气气
profit and loss
盈亏
pros and cons
正反
rack and ruin
损坏
right and wrong
正误
rough and
tumble
杂乱
rules
and regulations
规章制度
true or false
真假
safe and sound
安全
short and
sweet
少而精
skin
and bone
皮包骨
slow
and sure
慢而准
sooner and
later
早晚
sports
and games
运动与游戏
stocks and
shares
股票
stuff
and nonsense
胡说八道
tea and
coffee
清茶和咖啡
then
and there
当时当地
thick and thin
厚薄
this and that
这那
thunder and
light
雷电
time and
tide
岁月
to and
fro
来回
town and
country
乡村
twists
and turns
曲折
up
and down
上下
ups
and downs
盛衰
vice
and virtue
罪恶与美德
ways and
means
方法
wear and
tear
磨损
wind and
weather
风与天
come
and go
来去
poems
and essays
诗文
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