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常见动词的错误用法

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-11 13:33
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2021年2月11日发(作者:漏)


常见动词的错误用法





英语动词是所有词类中最易犯错的一种,许多英语运用上的毛 病都和动词有关。有时,连常


用的动词都会有用法上的错误。例如有些动词意思相近,其 实不尽然。至少,在用法上,会有所


差别,如“


rise”和 “raise”,“stay”和“remain”便是。有些动词,单独用时是一个意思


和用法,加上介词时,是另一个意思和用法,如“ see”和“see to”,“search”和“search


for ”便是。



下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子:



① Sam raises very early eve


ry morning.


② The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.



大家知道,


raise


是个及物动词,意思是“举起”,要有宾语;


rise

是个不及物动词,意思是


“起身”,不可有宾语。这里的①和② 都错;

< p>
raises



rises


必须对换才对。



③ He remained in the Holiday Inn.



④ The flowers stayed on the branches


< br>英语的


remain


是“留下来”;

stay


是“暂住”。显然的,③和④ 是不合逻辑的,


remained



stayed


必须互换。



⑤ A crook robbed her money.



⑥ A few masked men stole a small bank last night.



虽然


robbed

< br>和


stole


都是及物动词,有自己的宾语,但是它们在 这里的用法不当。


Steal


要跟


着被 偷的东西,如钱财、珠宝等;


rob


的宾语是“人”或“处所” 。因此,⑤和⑥的


robbed



st ole


要掉转一下。



类似的例子还有下面这些:



⑦ a. mend



b. repair

这两个动词都是“修理”;不同的是:简单的工作,用


mend

;复杂的或需要特别仪器的事项,


则用


repair


,如:



⑦a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.



⑦b. It took some time to repair the road.



⑧a. burned



b. burnt


这两个动词是


burn


的过去式和过去分词;在句子中的岗位不 同,通常有宾语时用“burnt”,没


宾语时用“burned”,如:



⑧a. The love of freed


om burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the


whole night.


⑧b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.





至于“动词”和“助动


+

< p>
介词”的误用,我们可以看下面两组例子:



⑨ The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre,


but nobody was arrested.


⑩ I searched for my pocket and found some coins.



从语感就知道,

< br>⑨和⑩里的


searched



searched


for


是倒置了。



⑨要的是“寻找”



searched


for


);⑩要的是“检查”(


sea rched


),两者对换才是。



(11) The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.


(12) Their business grows up rapiding.


英语的


grow< /p>


是“发展”;


grow up


是“长大” 。显然的,


(11)



(12)


的两个动词又误用了,要


对调一下。



上面各例证明,英语动词真是不简单。看似没什么问题的,也出现了问题,更何况是复杂 特殊的


用法呢?





成对的英语短语


















赵宝斌





在英语当中两个近义和相对的词用


and



or


连接构成成对的英语短语,


它 们经常出现在一


起,因此它们的位置固定下来,有些同汉语的位置相同,有些同汉语不同 ,意义上有的和汉语相


同,少量的同汉语有些差别,下面是笔者收集的一些此类的短语。



1.


同汉语位置相同的短语



aches and pains


痛苦



affable and kind


和善



ancient and modern


古今



arts and science


文理



bag and baggage


提包和行李


black and white


黑白



bucket and spade


桶和锹


brothers and sisters


兄妹



bow and arrow


弓和箭,



bread and butter


面包和黄油



crack and roar


咆哮



cup and saucer


杯子碟子



drunk and sober


酒汉与清醒者


fair and square


公正



far and away


远离




far and near


远近



fire and sword


火与箭



first and foremost


首先



first and last


先后



fish and chips


炸鱼和薯条



free and easy


轻松自在



friend and foe


朋友和敌人



forward and backward


前后


fun and pleasure


娱乐



wife and children


妻子和儿童


good or il l


好歹


(


善恶


)


great and small


大小



hale and hearty


健壮



ham and egg


火腿鸡蛋


hammer and sickle


锤子与镰刀



hand an foot


手脚



head and shoulder


头与肩



heart and soul


心灵



heaven and earth


天地



heavy and light


重轻



high and low


高低



hill and dale


山谷



home and abroad


国内外



horse and cart


马车



house and home


家居



hue and cry


喊叫



husband and wife


夫妻



hustle and bustle


熙熙攘攘,



ifs and buts


假设和转折



in and out


进出



whole and all


全体



import and export


进出口


internal and external


内外



judge and jury


法官与陪审团


, king and queen


国王与皇后



ladies and gentlemen


女士与先生


knife and pork


刀叉



kith and kin


亲戚



land and sea


陆海



law and order


治安



lean and lanky


瘦长



leaps and bounds


跳跃



light and shade


光阴



long and short


长短



lord and lady


贵族与小姐



male and female


男女



man and beast


人与兽



man and woman


男女



meek and mild


温和



sweet and sour


糖醋



more or less


或多或少



mother and child


母子



null and void


无效



odds and ends


零碎



officers and soldiers


官与兵



old and trial


久经考验



Oxford and Cambridge


牛津剑桥



out and away


出走



past and present


过去与现在



weight and measures


重量与尺寸


pick and choose


选择



pots and pans


坛坛罐罐


puffing and blowing


吐烟吹气气



profit and loss


盈亏



pros and cons


正反



rack and ruin


损坏



right and wrong


正误



rough and tumble


杂乱



rules and regulations


规章制度



true or false


真假



safe and sound


安全



short and sweet


少而精



skin and bone


皮包骨



slow and sure


慢而准



sooner and later


早晚



sports and games


运动与游戏


stocks and shares


股票



stuff and nonsense


胡说八道


tea and coffee


清茶和咖啡



then and there


当时当地



thick and thin


厚薄



this and that


这那



thunder and light


雷电



time and tide


岁月



to and fro


来回



town and country


乡村



twists and turns


曲折



up and down


上下



ups and downs


盛衰



vice and virtue


罪恶与美德


ways and means


方法



wear and tear


磨损



wind and weather


风与天



come and go


来去



poems and essays


诗文


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