英语论文——英国高等教育

Higher education in Britain

【

Abstract

】

Higher

education

has

a

long

history

in

Britain.

The

British

education

system

is

the

one

of

the

world's most ancient education systems, which is famous for its higher education.

【

Key Words

】

Britain, higher education

British emphasis on education , not only gathered the world's most famous and oldest schools

and

universities,

and

there

is

no

shortage

of

new

style

and

awareness

of

the

most

innovative

institutions.

Britain

still

put

Education

as

a

pillar

industry

in

the

UK

Education

policy

is

to

encourage

more

and

more

students

to

the

country's

educated

at

the

University.

UK

higher

education to implement the two-track system, on the one hand, the autonomy of universities, on

the

other

hand,

public

colleges

and

universities.

University

refers

to

the

classical

universities,

modern university, University, Open University, and eight universities in Scotland; public colleges

and universities in the university refers to the multi-disciplinary Institute of Technology, School of

Continuing

Education

and

the

Institute

of

Education.

Which

multidisciplinary

Institute

of

Technology.

Colleges

and

universities

to

provide

A-level

vocational

courses,

usually

grant

approved

by

the

local

universities,

professional

qualifications

and

degrees,

including

degree

certificates, Higher National Certificate (HND) or Certificate of Higher Education (DipHE). The

limits

of

further

education

colleges

and

higher

education

colleges

are

often

very

vague

and

difficult to distinguish from the name of the school. Students need to determine is the end of the

course

to

obtain

the

required

diploma.

The

only

University

in

the

United

Kingdom

to

grant

degrees, other educational institutions only qualified recognized by the University in order to grant

the degree.

The basic situation

There are 165 higher education institutions existing in British. The recruitment of students scale

increased in recent years, and it up to 2.396 million in 2008/09 . The student ratio of

the local,

the countries of the European Union and other countries is about 17:1:2 . The 2008/09 school year,

staff number is up to 383000, including 179000 academic staff

people, the student and teacher

ratio is 13.4:1. The academic staff is

occupied 25.6%, while the people engaged in the research

is 22.3%, both engaged in teaching and research is 51.5%, part-time teacher accounted for 34.4%.

Cultivating mode and system

There are three years in British university system. The scores of the first year are not included

in the three years undergraduate course as British students are expected to learn public courses in

the first year. Each department sent excellent teachers to teach the classical courses in professional

field.

Schools

provide

a

month

time

for

students

to

choose

and

determine

their

professionals.

The

school

year

is

divided

into

three

semesters,

each

one

include

10

weeks.

They

focus

on

improving

the

comprehensive

ability

and

they

encourage

students

to

do

some

part-time

jobs.

What’s more, special teachers will help students find jobs. Stude

nts would like to spend more time

on sports, art, organizations, Practical Work and extracurricular part-time, etc. At the end of every

school year, part of the students are asked to repeat a grade or even leave school for the reason that

they do not fit for their professionals or the schools.

They can find a more suitable development direction for their own or replace professional after

dropping out. All subjects are reflected in the form of credit, every subject differs from 10 to 20

points. Students are not qualified until they achieve 120 points.

The key of education

Every

student

is

important.

The

British

pay

much

attention

to

students'

characteristics

and

follow the educational ideas of attaching importance to individual development. British emphasize

on the plan that teach students in accordance of their aptitude.

The British higher schools notice creative education of every student. No student can attain high

marks if

they have no innovation in the courses they focus on. In the British university, almost

every course requires students to complete a project with relevant analysis and research. That is,

the teacher only give plan or case rather than provide approaching, and student has to complete

this with the help of his team or all by himself. This kind of education method make every student

in the class can boldly exchange ideas, find and develop their knowledge, improve self-learning,

analysis,

and

reasoning

and

other

many

kinds

of

thinking

ability.

The

teacher

is

an

activity

organizer to provide students with the necessary guidance in the course of the events.

School of Management

The principals in the United Kingdom, primary and secondary school principals power, can be

president

of

the

University

did

not

the

slightest

real

power,

other

countries,

the

university

president

is

the

external

representation

of

the

University

of

the

primary

administrative

leaders,

internally, is also the center of the leaders in the school. Britain's university presidents, although

the plenary meeting of the President, honorary positions but just a name, usually by a member of

the British royal family or celebrities as the implementation of the tenure. Apart from occasionally

a major ceremony at the University of principals do not participate in anything of the University.

Vice- Chancellor UK University Vice-Chancellor is in fact the top leaders in the school, in general,

by the faculty plenary session elected from the dean of the College. The Council is the highest

governing body of British universities. The members of this body, including representatives from

all

sectors.

For

example,

not

only

the

university

professors

and

other

teaching

staff,

as

well

as

political,

business

representatives.

Although

these

people

are

not

university

office,

but

has

an

important influence in the University of administrative agencies. They are basically once a work

report

made

by

listening

to

the

Vice-Chancellor

of

the

University

the

right

to

appoint

a

new

administrative leader. The Council is the executive body of the University by external members

and academic researchers. Responsible for Finance, may appoint the teaching staff, and even the

Vice-Chancellor

of

the

University,

but

also

the

right

to

approve

the

recommendations

of

the

Academic

Senate

to

modify

the

academic

sible

for

the

academic

affairs

of

the

University,

Vice-Chancellor

is

the

ex-officio

Chairman

of

the

organization,

responsibility

is

accepted

the

report

and

recommendations

of

the

Faculty

Committee,

recommended

the

appointment

of

teaching

staff,

is

responsible

for

undergraduate

teaching

and

discipline,

and

the

right to approve the graduate courses and research programs.

The funds of the UK higher education

The UK higher education funding sources include government appropriations, tuition, scientific

research

income,

social

donation

and

other

income.

And

50%

of

the

fund

sources

is

from

the