美国职业新闻记者协会(SPJ)职业伦理规范 中英文

附录：

职业新闻记者协会（

SPJ

）职业伦理规范（英文版）

SPJ Code of Ethics

Preamble

Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe

that public enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and

the foundation of democracy. The duty of the journalist is to

further those ends by seeking truth and providing a fair and

comprehensive account of events and issues. Conscientious

journalists from all media and specialties strive to serve the

public with thoroughness and honesty. Professional integrity

is the cornerstone of a journali

st’s credibility. Members of

the Society share a dedication to ethical behavior and adopt

this code to declare the Society’s principles and standards of

practice.

Seek Truth and Report It

Journalists should be honest, fair and courageous in gathering, reporting

and interpreting information.

Journalists should:

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Test the accuracy of information from all sources and exercise care

to avoid inadvertent error. Deliberate distortion is never permissible.

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Diligently seek out subjects of news stories to give them the

opportunity to respond to allegations of wrongdoing.

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Identify sources whenever feasible. The public is entitled to as

much information as possible on sources’ reliability.

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Always question sources’ motives before promising anonymity.

Clarify conditions attached to any promise made in exchange for

information. Keep promises.

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Make certain that headlines, news teases and promotional material,

photos, video, audio, graphics, sound bites and quotations do not

misrepresent. They should not oversimplify or highlight incidents out

of context.

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Never distort the content of news photos or video. Image

enhancement for technical clarity is always permissible. Label

montages and photo illustrations.

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Avoid misleading re-enactments or staged news events. If

re-enactment is necessary to tell a story, label it.

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Avoid undercover or other surreptitious methods of gathering

information except when traditional open methods will not yield

information vital to the public. Use of such methods should be

explained as part of the story

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Never plagiarize.

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Tell the story of the diversity and magnitude of the human

experience boldly, even when it is unpopular to do so.

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Examine their own cultural values and avoid imposing those values

on others.

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Avoid stereotyping by race, gender, age, religion, ethnicity,

geography, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance or

social status.

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Support the open exchange of views, even views they find

repugnant.

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Give voice to the voiceless; official and unofficial sources of

information can be equally valid.

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Distinguish between advocacy and news reporting. Analysis and

commentary should be labeled and not misrepresent fact or context.

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Distinguish news from advertising and shun hybrids that blur the

lines between the two.

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Recognize a special obligation

to ensure that the public’s business

is conducted in the open and that government records are open to

inspection.

Minimize Harm

Ethical journalists treat sources, subjects and colleagues as human beings

deserving of respect.

Journalists should:

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Show compassion for those who may be affected adversely by

news coverage. Use special sensitivity when dealing with children

and inexperienced sources or subjects.

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Be sensitive when seeking or using interviews or photographs of

those affected by tragedy or grief.

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Recognize that gathering and reporting information may cause

harm or discomfort. Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance.

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Recognize that private people have a greater right to control

information about themselves than do public officials and others who

seek power, influence or attention. Only an overriding public need

can justify intrusion into anyone’s privacy.

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Show good taste. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.

Be cautious about identifying juvenile suspects or victims of sex

crimes.

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Be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal

filing of charges.

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Balance a criminal suspect’s fair trial rights with the public’s right

to be informed.

Act Independently

Journalists should be free of obligation to any interest other than the

public’s r

ight to know.

Journalists should:

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Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived.

Remain free of associations and activities that may compromise

integrity or damage credibility.

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Refuse gifts, favors, fees, free travel and special treatment, and

shun secondary employment, political involvement, public office and

service in community organizations if they compromise journalistic

integrity.

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Disclose unavoidable conflicts.

Be vigilant and courageous about holding those with power

accountable.

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Deny favored treatment to advertisers and special interests and

resist their pressure to influence news coverage.

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Be wary of sources offering information for favors or money;

avoid bidding for news.

Be Accountable

Journalists are accountable to their readers, listeners, viewers and each

other.

Journalists should:

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Clarify and explain news coverage and invite dialogue with the

public over journalistic conduct.

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Encourage the public to voice grievances against the news media.

Admit mistakes and correct them promptly.