-
What determines the kind of person you are?
What factors make you more
or less
bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of
these are
influenced by the interaction
of your genes and the environment in which
you were __1__. The study of how genes
and environment interact to
influence
__2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics.
Behavioral
genetics has made important
__3__ to the biological revolution,
providing information about the extent
to which biology influences mind,
brain
and behavior.
Any research that suggests that __4__
to perform certain behaviors
are based
in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told
that there
are limitations to what you
can __5__ based on something that is beyond
your control, such as your genes? It is
easy to accept that genes
control
physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye
color. But
can genes also determine
whether people will get divorced, how __6__
they are, or what career they are
likely to choose? A concern of
psychological scientists is the __7__
to which all of these
characteristics
are influenced by nature and
nurture(
养育
), by genetic
makeup and the environment.
Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay
the groundwork for many human traits.
From this perspective, people are
born
__9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is
already captured,
but the way it __10__
appears can vary based on the development process.
However, the basic picture is there
from the beginning.
[A] abilities
[B] achieve
[C]
appeal
[D] complaints
[E] contributions
[F]
displayed
[G] essentially
[H] eventually
[I] extent
[J]
indicates
[K] proceeds
[L] psychological
[M]
raised
[N] smart
[O] standard
答案解析：
1. [M] raised r
aise
在这里的意思是
养育
，
the environment in
which
you were raised
意思是
你成长的环境
。
2. [L] psychological
意思是
心理活动
，全句
意思是
研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响
人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传
学
。
3. [E] contributions
为固定搭配，意
为
为……
做贡献
。
4. [A] abilities
做某事的能力
，在此处，全句意
思是
任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力
是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的
。
5.
[B] achieve
意思是
对你
所能
达到的水平的限制
。
6. [N] smart
此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形
容人，根据题意，
smart
符
合题意
，表示
机灵，可爱
。
7. [I] extent
此处填
extent
，主要是因为后面有
to
，
译为
。
8.
[J] indicates indicate
意思是
表明，显示
。全句意为
越来越多的科
学
(
现象
)
表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用
。
9. [G]
essentially essentially
的意思是
实际上，本质上
。全句意为
从
这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗
出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最
终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了
。
10. [H] eventually
eventually
副词，意思是
最终，最后
。
With the world's population
estimated to grow from six to nine billion
by 2050, researchers. businesses and
governments are already dealing
with
the impact this increase will have on everything
from food and
water to infrastructure
(
基础设施
) and jobs. Underling
all this __1__
will be the demand for
energy, which is expected to double over the next
40 years.
Finding the resources to
meet this demand in a __2__. sustainable
way is the cornerstone
(
基石
) of our nation's energy
security, and will
be one of the major
__3__ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of
energy- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to
name a few are __4__ being funded
and
developed, and will play a growing __5__ in the
world's energy
supply. But experts say
that even when __6__, alternative energy sources
will likely meet only about 30% of the
world's energy needs by 2050.
For example,
even with __7__ investments, such as the $$93
million
for wind energy development
__8__ in the American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act, important alternative
energy sources such as wind and
bio-
fuels __9__ only about 1% of the market today.
Energy and sustainability experts say
the answer to our future
energy needs
will likely come from a lot of __10__ both
traditional and
alternative.
[A]
stable
[B] solutions
[C] significant
[D] role
[E]
progress
[F] marvelous
[G] included
[H]growth
[I]
exactly
[J] consist
[K] comprise
[L]
competitions
[M] combined
[N] challenges
[O] certainly
答案解析：
1 growth 2
stable 3 challenges 4 certainly 5 role 6 combined
7
significant 8 included 9 comprise 10
solutions
【解析】这是一篇讨论能源资源的说明文，话题是考生比较熟悉的能源问题，
不断增长的人口与可再生资源的矛盾该如何解决。文中指出能源的一些可替代形式
如生物能源、风能太阳能等可再生资源将在未来发挥越来越重要的作用。但是专家
指出，即使这些资源储备量惊人，但是到
2050
年也只能满足世界
30%
的需求。文
章最后两段探讨了各能源在市场上的需求，以及解决未来能源需求的其他方案。
总体来
说，这篇文章理解难度不大，填空难度适中，所选词汇也都是四级考纲
的词汇。选项较具
有干扰项，多为
c
和
s
开头的单词，考生在考试时要特别注意。
What determines the kind of person you
are? What factors make you more
or less
bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of
these are
influenced by the interaction
of your genes and the environment in which
you were __1__. The study of how genes
and environment interact to
influence
__2__ activity is known as behavioral genetics.
Behavioral
genetics has made important
__3__ to the biological revolution,
providing information about the extent
to which biology influences mind,
brain
and behavior.
Any research that suggests that __4__
to perform certain behaviors
are based
in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told
that there
are limitations to what you
can __5__ based on something that is beyond
your control, such as your genes? It is
easy to accept that genes
control
physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye
color. But
can genes also determine
whether people will get divorced, how __6__
they are, or what career they are
likely to choose? A concern of
psychological scientists is the __7__
to which all of these
characteristics
are influenced by nature and
nurture(
养育
), by genetic
makeup and the environment.
Increasingly, science __8__ that genes lay
the groundwork for many human traits.
From this perspective, people are
born
__9__ like undeveloped photographs: The image is
already captured,
but the way it __10__
appears can vary based on the development process.
However, the basic picture is there
from the beginning.
[A] abilities
[B] achieve
[C]
appeal
[D] complaints
[E] contributions
[F]
displayed
[G] essentially
[H] eventually
[I] extent
[J]
indicates
[K] proceeds
[L] psychological
[M]
raised
[N] smart
[O] standard
答案解析：
1. [M] raised r
aise
在这里的意思是
养育
，
the environment in
which
you were raised
意思是
你成长的环境
。
2. [L] psychological
意思是
心理活动
，全句
意思是
研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响
人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传
学
。
3. [E] contributions
为固定搭配，意
为
为……
做贡献
。
4. [A] abilities
做某事的能力
，在此处，全句意
思是
任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力
是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的
。
5.
[B] achieve
意思是
对你
所能
达到的水平的限制
。
6. [N] smart
此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形
容人，根据题意，
smart
符
合题意
，表示
机灵，可爱
。
7. [I] extent
此处填
extent
，主要是因为后面有
to
，
译为
。
8.
[J] indicates indicate
意思是
表明，显示
。全句意为
越来越多的科
学
(
现象
)
表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用
。
9. [G]
essentially essentially
的意思是
实际上，本质上
。全句意为
从
这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗
出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最
终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了
。
10. [H] eventually
eventually
副词，意思是
最终，最后
。
The popular notion that
older people need less sleep than younger adults
is a myth, scientists said yesterday.
While elderly people __1__ to sleep for
fewer hours than they did
when they
were younger, this has a(n) __2__ effect on their
brain's
performance and they would
benefit from getting more, according to
research.
Sean Drummond, a.
psychiatrist (
心理医生
) at the
University of
California, San Diego,
said older people are more likely to suffer from
broken sleep, while younger people are
better at sleeping __3__ straight
through the night.
More sleep in
old age, however, is __4__ with better health, and
most older people would feel better and
more __5__ if they slept for
longer
periods, he said.
整块时间
)
overnight goes down as
we age but the
amount of sleep we need to __6__ well does not
change,
Dr Drummond told the American
Association for the Advancement of Science
conference in San Diego.
healthy an older adult is,
the more they sleep like they did when they
were __8__. Our data suggests that
older adults would benefit from __9__
to get as much sleep as they did in
their 30s. That's __10__ from person
to
person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is
probably the same
amount as we need at
75.
[A] alert
[B] associated
[C] attracting
[D]
cling
[E] continuing
[F] definitely
[G] different
[H]
efficiently
[I] formally
[J] function
[K] mixed
[L]
negative
[M] sufficient
[N] tend
[O] younger
答案解析：
文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于
老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相
比只需要较少的睡眠时间
?
1. N tend tend to
固定搭配
;
表示
倾向于
;
符合句意
;
2. L negative <
/p>
空格后是
effect
，
前面是
a(n)
，
由此可见，该处需要填入
一个形容词
;
题目给出的形容词有
negative,
sufficient, younger;
根据前后语
意，填
入
negative
最为恰当，表示
<
/p>
少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。
3. H
efficiently
根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有
efficiently, definitely, formally;
< br>前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打
断，而后面用
while
提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更
__
_____
的睡
眠
;
综合起来，选用
efficiently(
最有效率的
)
最为准确。
4.
B associated be associated with
固定搭配
;
表示
与…联系在一
起
本
句话表示
更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起
5. A alert
先看整句话的含义，
如果他们能睡更长的时间，
他们的感觉应该
会更好以及…
alert
比较恰当，表示
更加
警觉，机灵
6. J function
根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有
cling,
function;
整句话的意思是
<
/p>
当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降