-
Chapter Two
Reading
A
Jiaxiu Tower
Guiyang
is rich in places of historic interest
and cultural relics. which are mainly
the buildings of the Ming dynasty and
the Qing Dynasty(1368-1911).Almost 100 of the
have been listed as of the
state
，
provincial and
municipal class.
Sitting on
the huge rock in the Nanming River is the
magnificent Jiaxiu Tower,
which is
built in 1598 of the Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in
1909 It is regarded as the
landmark of
Guiyang City. Jiang Kongzhi , an imperial
inspector,who named it
Pavilion
the youth in Guizhou
to study and to be the first one in the
examination organized by
the
court
，
the people in Guiyang
are the finest and most talented under heaven.
Jiaxiu
Tower
is
a
magnificent
three
storied
building
20-meter-high
with
three
eaves
and a pointed top. Containing caved windows and
red lattices and upturned
eaves on all sides. Downstairs is the
Floating Jade Bridge, which spans both north and
south banks. Under the bridge, the
clear blue swirling water forms a pool named
Hanbi.
When night falls with all the
lights on. the outline of. the pavilion and the
bridge are
reflected in the river as if
it were a fairy land.
In this pavilion,
tourists can have a look at the rich collection of
stone engravings.
calligraphy works,
Paintings and woodworks by ancient artists. Among
them, there is
a long antithetical
couplet with 206characters written by Liu Yushan.
a member of the
imperial Academy from
Guiyang, in the Qing Dynasty. which has 26 more
characters
than that one in Daguan
Pavilion in Kunming. which claims to be the
longest one in the
world.
Words:
historic
adj.
历史上著名的
,
有历史性的
dynasty
n.
朝代
,
王朝
municipal
adj.
市政的
,
市立的
,
地方性的
,
地方自治的
magnificent
adj.
华丽的
,
高尚的
,
宏伟的
landmark
n.(
航
海
)
陆标
,
地界标
,
里程碑
,
划时代的事
polygonal
adj.
多角形的
,
多边形的
couplet
n.
对句
,
对联
manuscript
n.
手稿
,
原稿
prestige
n.
声望
,
威望
,
威信
cordiality
n.
诚实
,
郑重
,
诚恳
whirlpool
n.
漩涡
,
涡流
,
混乱
,
纷乱
sandbar
n.
沙洲
pillar
n.[
建
]
柱子
,
栋梁
,
重要的支持者
architecture
n.
建筑
,
建筑学
体系机构
vigorous
adj.
精力旺盛的
,
有力的
,
健壮的
ambitious
adj.
有雄心的
,
野心勃勃的
handicraft
n.
手工艺
,
手工艺品
,
手艺
batik
n.
用蜡染色法
,
用蜡染色的布
embroidery
n.
刺绣品
,
粉饰
,
刺绣
,
装饰
corridor
n.
走廊
Reading B
[Cuiwei Garden]
Adjacent to Jiaxiu Pavilion is Cuiwei
Garden. The garden is composed of a group of
ancient buildings covering about 4,000
square meters, which were first built in the
reign of Hong Zhi(1488-1505)in the Ming
Dynasty. The South Nunnery stood where
the Cuiwei Garden lies. Later it was
named the Wuhou Temple. And later the Guanyin
Temple. In 1993, it was renovated and
it is now called Cuiwei Garden. The Gongnan
Pavilion in the garden shows simplicity
and liveliness in layout and Cuiwei Pavilion
displays beauty and dignity. Bamboo
groves dance in breeze in Qinghuakong Garden
and verdant trees cast their thick
shades over the Longmen Academy of Classical
Learning. The whole garden embraces
quietness, elegance, magnificence and
simplicity as a popular tourist
spot.
Grammar:
句型结构三（主从复合句之名词性从句）
复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一
< p>（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同< /p>
位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句。其中前四种的功能相当于名词词组
,
，称为名词性
从句，
（一）
主语从句
在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
A
为了强调主语从句的内容，可将从句置于句首
B
大部分主语从句都可以用
it
作形式主语
为了保持句子平衡，主语从句
常用
it
作形式主语，将主语从句后置。用
it
作形式主语的主语从句
结构有如下几种：
1
、
2
、
3
、
4
、
It
is +
名词
+
that
从句
It is +
形容词
+
that
从句
It +
动词
+
that
从句
It is +
过去分词
+
that
从句
用形式主语
it
引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：<
/p>
It is said that...
据说
……
It is reported that...
据报导
……
It is well known that...
众所周知
……
It is announced that...
据宣布
……
It is believed that...
人们相信
……
It is thought that...
人们认为
……
It is understood that...
自不待言
……
It must be pointed out that...
必须指出
……
It must be admitted that...
必须承认
……
注意
that
引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用
,
本身没有任何意义
。
that
引导主语从句位于句
首时不
可省略
.
如果
it
作形式主语
,
而
that
从句置于句末
,
这时
that
可以省略。例如
:
That he has lost his work is not true.
他丢了工作不是真的。
=It is not true (that) he has lost his
work.
（二）
宾语从句
宾语从句
The Object C
lause
，在复合句中作主句的宾语，它属于名词性从句。它可以作主句谓
语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词。
宾语从句
4
要素：
连接词：
（也叫引导词）
语序：
从句的词序用陈述语序（主
+
谓）
时态：
主句的时态如果是过去时，从
句的时态应以过去时为基础作相应的变化。
人称：
要根据句中的意义作相应的变化
连接词（引导词）
从属连词
that
，
if
，
whether
连接代词
who
，
whom
，
whose
，
which
，
what
连接副词
when
，
where
，
how
，
why
1.
如果陈述句作从句，连接词用
that,
< br>在口语和非正式语体中常可省略
that
。
2.<
/p>
特殊疑问句作从句，就用原来的特殊疑问词
3.
一般疑问句作从句，连词用
if
或
whether
< br>在选择疑问句只用
whether
，记住这一结构：
whether … or no
t
。
注
意
that
引导宾语从句时
,that
常可省略
,
但如果主句后跟有并列宾语从句时
,
只能省略第一个
that;
若宾语从句前插有别的从句时
,that
也不能省略。例如
:
He told me (that) he was
all right and that he would come to see me when he
was free.
（三）
表语从句
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
A
可接表语从句的连系动词