2015同等学力英语真题及解析

作者的态度就不可能是漠不关心，

因此见到

in different,uninter

ested

这类词可以首 先排除；

3

注意不要把考生自己的 好恶态度揉进其中，

要注意区分作者本人的

态度和作者引用的观 点的态度；

4

当作者的态度没有明 确提出时，

要学会根据作者使用的词汇的褒贬

性去判断作者的态 度，如：

wonderful,positive,negative,unfortu

nate,doubtful;

5

文章陈述的内容并非都是作者的观点；

6

作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联。

Directions: In this section, there are four passages

followed

by

questions

or

unfinished

statements,

each

with

four

suggested

answers

A,

B,

C

and

D.

Choose

the

best

answer

and

mark

your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Sometimes a race is not enough.

Sometimes a runner just

wants

to

go

further

.

That’s

what

happened

to

Dennis

Martin

and

Brooke Curran.

Martin, 68, a retired detective form New York City, took

up running after his first wife died. Curran, 46, a

phil anthropist(

慈善家

)from

Alexandria,

started

running

to

get

out of

the house

and

collect her

thoughts. Both

she

and

Martin

got good at running but felt the desire to do more. “The more

I

trained,

the

better

I

got,”

Curran

said,”

but

I

would

cross

the finish line with no sen

se of accomplishment.”

Eventually , they worked up to running marathons(

马拉

松

)(and longer races) in other countries, on other countries.

Now both have achieved a notable -and increasingly less rate-

milestone;

running

the

26.2-mile

race

on

all

seven

continents.

They are part of a phenomenon that has grown out of the

running culture in the past two decades,

at the intersection

of athleticism and leisure: “runcations,” which combine

distance

running

with

travel

to

exotic

places.

There

trips,

as

expensive

as

they

are

physically

challenging

,are

a

growing

and

competitive market in the travel industry.

“In the beginning, running was enough

,” said Steen

Albrechtsen, a press manager. The classic marathon was the

ultimate goal, then came the super marathons, like London and

New

York.

But

when

90,000

people

a

year

can

take

that

challenge,

it

is

no

longer

exciting

and

adventurous

.Hence,

the

search

for

new adventures began.”

“No

one

could

ever

have

imagined

that

running

would

become

the lifestyle activity that it is today

,”said Thom Gilligan,

founder

and

president

of

Boston-based

Marathon

Tours

and

Travel.

Gilligan, who has been in business since 1979, is partly

responsible for the seven-continent phenomenon.

It started with a casual talk to an interviewer about his

company offering trips to every continent except Antarctica.

And then in 1995, Marathon fours hosted its first Antarctica

Marathon on King George Island.

Off the tip of the Antarctic

Peninsula; 160 runners got to the starting line of a dirt-and

ice-trail route via a Russian icebreaker through the Drake

Passage.

21. At the beginning, Martin took up running just to .

B

细节题

A. meet requirements of his job

B. win a running race

C. join in a philanthropic activity

D. get away from his sadness

22.

Martin

and

Curran

are

mentioned

as

good

examples

of

.

B

推理题

A. winners in the 26.2-mile race on all seven continents

B. people who enjoy long running as a lifestyle activity

C. running racers satisfied with their own performance

D. old people who live an active life after retirement

23. A new trend in the travel industry is the development

of .

A

细节题

A. challenging runcations

B. professional races

C. Antarctica travel market

D. expensive tours

24. The classic marathon no longer satisfies some people

because .

A

细节题

A. it does not provide enough challenge

B. it may be tough and dangerous

C. it involves too fierce a competition

D. it has attracted too many people

25. The first Antarctica Marathon on King George Island

indicates that .

A

推理题

A. international cooperation is a must to such an event

B. runcations are expensive and physically challenging

C. Marathon Tours is a leader of the travel industry

D. adventurous running has become increasingly popular

Passage Two

Before

the

1970s,

college

students

were

treated

as

children.

So many colleges ran in loco parentis system. “In loco

parentis”is

a

Latin

term

meaning

“in

the

place

of

a

parent.”

It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act

in the interests of a child.

This

idea

developed

long

ago

in

British

common

law

to

define

the

responsibility

of

teachers

toward

their

students.

For

years,

American courts upheld in loco parentis in cases such as Gott

versus Berea College in 1913.

Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to

expel students who ate at places not owned by the school. The

Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified

that rule.

In loco parentis meant that male and female college

students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had

to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights.

But in the 1960s, students began to protest rules and

restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to

support

students who were being

punished

for political and

social dissent.

In 1960, Alabama State College expelled six students who

took

part

in

a

civil

rights

demonstration.

They

sued

the

school

and won

. After that it became harder and harder to defend in

loco parentis.

At

that

time,

students

were

not

considered

adults

until

21.

Then, in 1971, the 24th amendment to the Constitution set the

voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really

applied.

Slowly, colleges began to treat students not as children,

but as adults. Students came to be seen as consumers of

educational services.

Gary

Dickstein,

an

assistant

vice

president

at

Wright

State

University

in

Dayton,

Ohio,

says

in

loco

parentis

is

not

really

gone. It just looks different.

Today’s parents, he says, are

often heavily involved in students’lives.

They are known as

“helicopter parents.

”They always seem to hover over their

children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are likely to

question

decisions,

especially

about

safety

issues

and

grades

.

They

want

to

make

sure

their

financial

investment

is

not

being

wasted.

26. Before the 1970s, many colleges ran in loco parentis

system because .

B

细节推理题

A. they could take the place of the students’parents

B. parents asked them to do it for the interests of their

children

C. this was a tradition established by British colleges

D.

college

students

were

regarded

as

too

young

to

be

treated

as adults

27.

Who

won

the

case

of

Gott

versus

Berea

College

in

1913?< /p>

D

推理题

A. Berea College. B. Gott.

C. It was a win-win case.

D. The students.

28. The word “

dissent

”(Para.5) probably means “ ”.

C

词义题

A. extreme behaviors B. violation of laws

C. strong disagreement

D. Wrong doings

29. In 1960

，

the court ruled that Alabama State College

C

推理题

A. had no right to expel the students

B. was justified to have expelled the students

C. shouldn’t interfere with students’ daily life

D. should support civil rights demonstrations

30. According to Gary Dickstein, today’s “helicopter

parents__

B

_

细节题

__

A. don’t set their hearts at rest

with college

administrators

B.

keep

a

watchful

eye

on

their

children’s

life

and

study

C.

care

less

about

their

children’s

education

than

before

D. have different opinions

on

their children’s

education

Passage Three

We tend

to

think

of

plants

as

the

furniture

of

the natural

word.

They

don’t

move

they

don’t

make

sounds,

they

don’t

seem

to respond to anything

–

at least not very quickly. But as is

often

the

case,

our

human

view

of

the

world

misses

quite

a

lot.

Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is

chemical.

Over the years scientists have reported that different

types

of

plants,

from

trees

to

tomatoes,

release

compounds

into

the

air

to

help

neighboring

plants.

These

chemical

warnings

all

have

the

same

purpose

—

to

spread

informatio

n

about

one

plant’s

disease

so

other

plants

can

defend

themselves.

But

exactly

how

plants receive and act on many of these signals is still

mysterious.

In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences, researchers in Japan offer some explanations. They

have

identified

one

chemical

message

and

traced

it

all

the

way

from release to action.

The scientists looked at tomato plants infested(

侵害

) by

common

pest,

the

cutworm

caterpillar(

毛虫

).

To

start

out,

they

grew plants in two plastic compartments connected by a tube.

One plant was infested and placed upwind and the others were

uninfested

and

placed

downwind.

The

downwind

plants

were

later

exposed to the cutworm caterpillar. The results showed that

plants that had previously been near sick neighbors were able

to defend themselves better against the caterpillar.

The researchers also studied leaves from exposed and

unexposed

plants.

They

found

one

compound

showed

up

more

often

in the exposed plants. The substance is called Hex Vic. When

the scientists fed Hex Vic to cutworms, it knocked down their

survival rate by 17%. The scientists identified the source of

Hex Vic, and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those

plants were then able to start producing the

caterpillar-killing Hex Vic.

Researchers confirmed that

uninfested plants have to build their own weapon to fight off

bugs

and

diseases.

How do they

know

when

to play

defense? They

are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.

It

is

a

complex

tale,

and

it

may

be

happening

in

more

plant

species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more

chemical

signals

that

are

still

unknown

to

us.

For

now

though,

we

know

that

plants

not

only

communicate,

they

look

out

for

one

another.

31. What does the author try to emphasize Paragraph 1?

D

细节

题

A. How plants communicate is still a mystery.

B. Enough attention has been paid to plant talk.

C. Plants are the furniture of the natural world.

D. Plants can communicate with each other.

32. According to Paragraph2, what remains unknown is _

A_

细 节

题

____

A. how plats receive and handle the signals from their

neighbors

B.

why

plants

spread

chemical

information

to

their

neighbor

C.

how

many

types

of

plants

release

compounds

into

the

air

D.

whether

plants

send

chemical

warnings

to

their

neighbors

33. The tomato plants in the experiment were

D___

___

A. placed separately but connected through air

B. expose to different kinds of pests

C. exposed to the pest at the same time

D. placed together in a closed compartment

34.

The

experiment

shows

that

the

infested

plant

helps

its

neighbors by ____

D

细节题

_

_

A. making more Hex Vic to attract the pest

B. releasing Hex Vic into the air to warn them

C. letting them know how to produce Hex Vic

D. producing enough Hex Vic to kill the pest

may be the best title for the passage?

C

主旨题

A. Survival of Plants B. Plant World

C. Talking Plants

D. Plant Bug Killer

Passage Four

Vancouver is the best place to live in the Americas,

according to

a quality-of- life ranking published

earlier this

month .The city regularly tops such indexes as its clean air,

spacious

homes

and

weekend

possibilities

of

sailing

and

skiing.

But its status as a liveable city is threatened by worsening

congestion(

拥挤

)

. Over the next three decades, another I

million

residents

are

expected

to

live

in

the

Greater

Vancouver

region, adding more cars, bicycles and lorries to roads that

arc already struggling to serve the existing 2.3 million

residents.

A proposal by Vancouver’s mayor

seeks to prevent the

worsening conditions. Upgrades would be made to 2,300

kilometres

of

road

lanes,

as

well

as

bus

routes

and

cycle

paths.

Four hundred new buses would join the fleet of 1,830. There

would be more trains and more “sea bus” ferry crossings

between

Vancouver

and

its

wealthy

northern

suburbs.

To

get

all

that, residents must vote to accept an increase in sales tax,

from 7% to 7.5%. Polls suggest they will vote no.

Everyone agrees that a more efficient transport system is

needed. Confined by mountains

to the north

, the United States

to the south

and the Pacific Ocean

to the west

, Vancouver has

spread

in the only direction

where there is still land, into

the Fraser Valley, which just a few decades ago was mostly

farmland. The road is often overcrowded.

Yet commut

ers’suspicion of local bureaucrats may exceed

their dislike of congestion.

TransLink, which runs public

transport in the region, i

s unloved by taxpayers. Passengers

blame it when Skytrain,the light-rail system, comes to a

standstill because of mechanical or electrical faults, as

happened

twice

in

one

week

last

summer,

leaving

commuters

stuck