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介词是我们平日学习中常见
的内容，可谓人人皆知。但是有一种特殊的介词也许并非人人皆知，因为
它们是来源于现
在分词、过去分词的介词，这方面内容很少在教学、语法著作中谈及，但它们却在测试中
时有出现。现列举如下：
1
．
including
包括
This
package
contains
500sheets
of
notepaper
，
including
400
of
white
paper
and
100
of
yellow
．
包裹里有
500
张信纸，包括
40
0
张白纸，
100
张黄纸。
2
< br>．
concerning
就而言，关于，谈及
Concerning your
letter
，
I am pleased to
inform you that your plans are quite acceptable to
us
．关于你的信，我高兴地告诉你你的计划令我们十分满意。
3
．
reg
arding
就而言，关于，论及
We have known nothing regarding that
matter
．关于那个问题，我们全然不知。
4
．
respecting
关于，至于
I was at a loss
respecting his
whereabouts
．至于他的踪迹，我全然不知。
5
．
considering
就而论，照说来
Considering
the rate at which planets
form
，
perhaps one with
conditions suitable for life
forms in
our galaxy each year
．从行星的生存率来看，或许在我们的星系
中每年会形成一颗适宜于生命
的行星。
6
．
excepting
（一般不置
于句首而置于句末；或置于
not
，
w
ithout
，
always
之后）除
之外
All his children have
gone shopping with his wife exceptingone
．除一个孩子外，他所有的孩子
和他的妻子都去购物了。
<
/p>
7
．
failing
如果没有；如果在中失败
Failing
instructions
，
I did what I
thought best
．没有任何指示，我只能按我认为最好的方法去
做。
8
．
wanting
缺，缺少
Wanting courage
，
victory is
impossible
．没有勇气就无法取得胜利。
9
．
saving
除以
外（现在多用
save
）
I could call her nothing in my own
mind saving
（或
save
）
sister
．
我的心里除了叫她为姐姐而外，我实在找不出其他的称呼来。
10
．
notwithstandin
g
虽然，尽管仍（是很正式的用语，常见于公文中）
Notwithstanding
an
unusual
flow
of
com
－
pany
，
the
master
of
the
wine
－
shop
was
not
visible
．
虽
然人们来往异常频繁，酒铺主人并没有出现。
11
．
following
在以后
Following the
conference
，
the methods were
put into use on a large scale
．会议之后，这些方<
/p>
法被广为推广。
12
< br>．
pending
在以前，在期间
Maximum sentence was handed down but
the defendants were eventually bailed pending the
appeal
．最高判决已经宣布，但最后被告在上诉期间全部
得到保释。
13
．
< br>given
如果考虑到，假定
Given their
inexperience
，
they have done
a good job
．考虑到他们缺乏经验，这个工作他们做得
不错。
英语中的分词介词
英语中有一部分介
词，如
including
，
duri
ng
，
according
to
，
past
等，是从动词的分
词（多为现在分词）形式转变而来，因此，被称之为分词介词。笔者收集了
1
0
余个
V-ing
型分词介词，并
从陆谷孙主编的《英汉大词典》摘引了相应例句，现列举如下：
1
．
barring
除……以外，不包括；除非
Barring a
delay
，
the train will arrive
in Shanghai at 6
：
30 p
．
m
．倘不误点，火车将在下午
6
：
30
到达上海。
2
．
concerning
关于
He wrote to me concerning
a business arrangement
．他就业务安排问题写信给
我。
3
．
considering
考虑到，就……来说
Considering
your
age
and
your
inexperience
，
youve
done
pretty
well
．考虑到你的
年龄和缺乏经验，你已干得够出色的了。
4
．
excepting
除了
We have lessons every day excepting Saturday and S
unday
．除星期六和星期日外，
我们天天都有课。
5
．
exclud
ing
除……外，不包括
There
are
30
people in
the hotel
，
excluding
the
hotel workers
．旅
馆里有
30
个人，不包括旅馆工作
人员。
6
．
failing
如果没有……，若无……时；如在……中失败
Failing brothers and
sisters
，
cousins may
< br>inherit
．若无兄弟姊妹，堂表兄弟姊妹亦可继承。
7
．
following
在……之后
Following
dinner
，
he went
home
．宴会以后他就回家了。
8
．
notwithstanding
尽管
They traveled
on
，
notwithstanding the storm
．尽管有暴风雨，他们仍然
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继续赶路。
9
．
pending
在等待……之际，直到……时为止
The case has
been adjourned pending future
inquiries
．此案在进一步调查之前暂缓审判。
10
．
regarding
关于，至于，就……而论
I have to speak
to you regarding this matter
．就这一问
题，我必须和你谈谈。
11
．
respecting
关于，
至于，
就……而论；
有鉴于
Respecting
that
the
accused
was
a
minor
，
the
charges
were
dropped
．鉴于被告未成年这一事实，免于起诉。
12
．
saving
除……外
Saving a few slices of
bread
，
we had eaten nothing
all day
．除了几片面包，
我们整天没吃过一点东西。<
/p>
13
．
touching
关于，至于
He asked many
questions touching my house and school
．
他问了我许多有
关家庭和学校的问题。
14
．
wanting
无，缺
Wanting a
leader
，
nothing could be
done
．若无领导人，什么事都做不成。
探析貌似分词的介词和连词
作者
:
王爱新
在英语中，有一些词汇貌似动词的现在分词或过去分词，而实际上却是介词或连词。由于
它们所具有的独
特的词形，因此学生很难把它们与介词或连词联系在一起，在理解和使用
时也难免出错。现将高中阶段常
见的分词作介词或连词的情况进行归纳，并通过实例加以
说明。
（一）
貌似分词的介词
1.
according to
根据，依照
According to
the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报所说，明天将下雨。
2.
considering
鉴于，考虑到，就……而论
Considering her age, she
has done pretty well.
考虑到她的年龄，她已经做得相当不错了。
Considering the
weather, we got here quite quickly.
考虑到
天气的因素，我们到这儿已经够快
的了。
3. concerning
关于，至于（与
about
同义）
He asked several questions
concerning the future of the company.
他问了几个关于公司前途的
问题。
All cases
concerning children are dealt with in a special
children
’
s court.
所有关于儿童
的案件均由儿童特别法庭审理。
4. including
（其中）包括（其反义词
excluding[(
不包括，除了
)]
也一样作介词使用）
I have got three
days
’
holiday including New
Year
’
s Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
Everyone passed the final
exam excluding Tom.
除了汤姆外每人都通过了考试。
注意：
included
用于名词和代词之后。
We all went,
including me.
（
= We all
went, me included.
）
5. given
鉴于，考虑到（与
considering
同义）
Given their inexperience,
they
’
ve done a good job.
考虑到他们没有经验，他们已经做得很不
错了。
Given the
time available to us, we
’
ll
have to work two more hours every day.
考虑到时间
有限，我们不得不每天多工作两个小时。
6. judging from / by
根据……来判断
Judging from / by what
everyone says about him, I
’
d
say he has a good chance of winning.
根据大家对他的评价来判断，我想他很有赢的可能。
7. regarding
关于，至于
,
就……方面（多用于商业信函或报告中）
The company is
being questioned regarding its employment policy.
这家公司因为其雇用政策正
在遭受质疑。
8. talking of
提及，说起，谈到
Talking of Kate, I met her
new boyfriend last week.
说到凯特，我上星期遇到了她的新男友。
（二）
貌似分词的连词
1.
considering
考虑到
Considering he has only
just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
考虑到他才刚刚开始，
他懂得的已经相当多了。
2. seeing (that)
既然，由于
Seeing (that) he refused to
help us, there is no reason why we should now help
him.
既然
他曾经拒绝过帮助我们，那我们也就没有理由现
在帮他。
3. provided /
providing (that) ...
如果，假如，在……条件下
Provided / Providing that
the price is right, we
’
ll
buy everything you produce.
假如价格
合适，我们将购买你们的全部产品。
We
’
ll
visit Europe next year, providing / provided we
have the money.
如果我们有钱的话，
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我们明年就去欧洲参观。
4.
supposing (that)
假如
Supposing that
you are wrong, what will you do then?
假如你错了，那你会怎么办？
Supposing I turn down your
offer, would you feel disappointed?
假如我
拒绝你的提议，你会感
到失望吗？
5. granting / granted (that)
假定，就算
Granting / granted (that)
this is true, he is still guilty of a crime.
就算那是真的，他仍
旧有罪。
Granting that
you
’
ve made some progress,
you should not be conceited.
即使你有了一些进步，
你也不应该骄傲自大。
【巩固练习】
1. The speech
which he made__________the project has bothered me
greatly
．
A. being concerned B.
concerned
C.
be concerned D. concerning
2.__________his age, he did
it quite well, so
don
’
t__________him any more.
A. Considered;
say
B. Given;
blame
C. To
regard; scold
D. Considering; speak
3.__________that
she
’
s
legally
old
enough
to
get
married,
I
don
’
t
see
how
you
can
stop
her.
A. See B. If C.
Seeing D. Seen
4.__________from her last letter, they
are having a wonderful time.
A. Judge B. Judging
C. To judge
D. Having judged
5.__________about
buying
cars, I prefer a car
less
than
100,000 yuan
to
one
over the
amount.
A. To talk B. Talked
C. Having
talked D. Talking
Keys: 1.D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D
< br>一、弄清过去分词作状语的最基本特点，初步认识过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。例如：
Written in a hurry, this article was
not so good!
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
析：
written
为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。
值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过
去分词及短语常
见的有：
lost
（迷路）
；
seated
（坐）
；
hidden
（躲）
；
stationed
（驻扎）
；
lost
/
absorbed
in
（沉
溺于）
；
born
（出身于）
；
dressed in
（穿着）
；
tired of
（厌烦）
。
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he
didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到
那
个声音。
Born in
this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。
< br>二、明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语，进一步认识过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。例如：
Given another hour, I can also work
out this problem.
再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。
析：
given
为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语
I
，即
I
被再给一个小时。
Seen
from the top of the hill, the city looks more
beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市，城市显得更
漂亮。
析：
seen
为过去分词作状语，
表“被看”
，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”
< br>，因
为“我们”应主动看城市。
值得注意的是，如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种
带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。例如：
The signal given, the bus started.
信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
析：
the signal
是
given
的逻辑主语，因此主句主语
the bus
就不是
given
的逻辑主语。
Her head
held high, she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。
析：
her head
是
held high
的逻辑主语，因此主句主语
she
就不再是
held high
的逻辑主语。
三、弄清过去分词作状语的由来，从宏观上把握过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。例如：
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
析：
caught
in
a
heavy
rain
为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句
Because
he
was
caught
in a heavy rain.
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Grown in
rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
析：
grown in rich soil
为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句
If
these seeds are grown in
rich soil.
值得注意的是，状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”
结构作状语。
When given a medical
examination, you should keep
calm.
当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。
四、明确过去分词作状语的位置。
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，
后面有逗号与主句隔开；
也
可放在主句后面，
前面有逗号与主句隔开。
例如：
He stood there silently, moved
to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there
silently.
他静静地
站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
主要有：
considering,
including, included, given, concerning,
regarding.
如：
1.
Considering
his age, he is still quite
healthy.
考虑到他的年纪，他还算是非常健康的。
2.
There
are
six
persons
in
the
classroom,
including
me.=
There
are
six
persons
in
the
classroom,
me
included.
包括我在内，教室里面有六个人。
3. Given more time, I would finish it
surely.
如果有更多的时间，我一定会完成它。
4. What do you know concerning
this?
关于这事你知道些什么
?
5. Regarding the punishment, what would
you advise?
关于处罚
,
你有何意见
?
主题：
与动词现在分词形式相同的连词与介词
语法
英语中有些介词和连词在形式上
与动词的分词相同，
在学习过程中应加以注意，
不要与分词的用
法相
混淆。
1
．
concerning
prep
关于
We
asked
the
American
professor
many
questions
after
class
concerning
American
higher
education
．
课后我们问了那位美国教授许多关于美国高等教育方面的问题。
They decided to have a debate
concerning the problem of college students doing
part-time jobs
．
他们决定就大学生做兼职的问题进行一场辩论。
Please inform me timely concerning the
progress of your project
．
请及时告知你们项目的进展情况。
Concerning your proposal, I am pleased
to inform you that most committee members consider
it
acceptable
．
关于你的提议，我很高兴地告诉你大部分委员都认为可以接受。
试比较
concern
作动词的用法：
He
doesn
’
t bother about things
that don
’
t concern
him
．
对那些与他无关的事他不去烦心。
He paced up and down in the drawing
room, extremely concerned over the result of the
interview
．
他在客厅里来回踱步，对面试结果极为忧虑。
2
．
considering
prep. /con
（常～
that
）就……而论，考虑到
She is
overweight, considering her
height
．
就她的身高而言，她是太胖了。
Considering the circumstances, you have
really wronged them by scolding them like
that
．
就当时的情况而言，你那样的责骂确实让他们受委屈了。
He did poorly in his examinations
considering that he had studied hard for
them
．
从他为考试所付出的努力来看，他考得很糟糕。
He went too far treating you like that,
considering what difficulties you had gone through
in
helping him before.
你以前为
了帮助他经历了那么多的艰辛，从这一点来看，他那样待你太过分了。
试比较
consider
作动词的用法：
Considered as the most
competent leader in our company, Mr. Brown
surprised us all by
claiming that he
would resign next month
．
布朗先生被认为是我们公司最有能力的领导人，因此，当他宣布下个月辞职时，我们都十分惊
讶。
Considered to be a
profession with a bright future, tourism is going
through a great reform
．
被视为拥有光明发展前景的旅游业现正经历一场重大的变革。
3
．
provided
（
that
）
conj
以……为条件，假如：
Provided
that circumstances permit, I will run a small
factory
．
条件允许的话，我要办一家小工厂。
I will go, provided you go
too
．
如果你也去，那我就去。
Provided that there is no opposition,
we shall hold the meeting
here
．
假如没有反对意见，我们就在这儿开会。