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2008 Text 3
In the early 1960s
Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in
the National Basketball Association (NBA)
listed
at
over
seven
feet.
①
If
he
had
played
last
season,
however,
he
would
have
been
one
of
42.
②
The
bodies
playing major
professional sports have changed dramatically over
the years, and managers have been more than
willing
to adjust team uniforms to fit
the growing numbers of bigger, longer
frames.
在
20
世纪
60
年代早期，
Wilt Chamberlain
是美国国家篮球协会中仅有的身
高超过
7
英尺的三个人之一。
可是如果
他参加了上个赛季的话，
他就变成了
42
分之一了。
这些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的
身体
状况发生了很大的改变，
而他们的经理人也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，
更高的身材。
association
[
?
's
?
usi'
ei
?
?
n]
n.
联系
,
联想
;
交际
,
交往
;
协会
,
社团
【例】
Let's form an association
to help blind people.
让我们建立一个协会来帮助盲人吧。
dramatically
[dr
?
'm?tikli]
ad.
从戏剧角度
;
戏剧性地
,
显著地
【例】
I kept emphasizing how
dramatically things have changed.
我反复强调事情发生了多大的变化。
adjust
[
?
'd
?
?
st]
vt.
调整
,
使适应于
,
校准
vi.
调整
,
适应于
,
校准
【例】
This
electric pot can adjust the temperature
automatically.
这种电饭锅能自动调节温度。
1. If he had played last season,
however, he would have been one of 42.
【译文】可是如果他参加了上个赛季的话，他就变成了
42
分之一了。
【解析】
这句话是句虚拟语气，
if
+ had
done
，
后面接上
would
have done
，
这句话是过去时的虚拟语气，
中间的
however
是插入语。
2. The bodies playing major
professional sports have changed dramatically over
the
years, and managers
have
been more than willing to adjust
team uniforms to fit the growing numbyyers of
bigger, longer frames.
【译文】这
些年来在较大的职业体育运动中的运动员的身体状况发生了很大的改变，而他们的经理人
也更愿意调整队员的运动服来适应队员们更大，更高的身材。
【解析】这句话是个并列句，由
and
连接。前半句的主语是<
/p>
The bodies
，
playing
major professional
sport
是对主语的补充，
have
changed
是谓语，
dramatically over
the years
是状语。
后半句中，
managers
是主语，
have
been
是谓语。
The
trend
in
sports,
though,
may
be
obscuring
an
unrecognized
reality:
Americans
have
generally
stopped
growing.
③Though
typically
about
two
inches
taller
now
than
140
years
ago,
today’s
people
–
especially
those
born to families who
have lived in the U.S. for many generations
–
apparently reached their
limit in the early 1960s.
And
they
aren’t
likely
to
get
any
taller.
“In
the
general
population
today,
at
this
genetic,
environmental
level,
we’ve
pretty
much
gone
as
far
as
we
can
go,”
says
anthropologist
William
Cameron
Chumlea
of
Wright
State
University.
In
the
case
of
NBA
players,
their
increase
in
height
appears
to
result
from
the
increasingly
common
practice of recruiting players from all
over the world.
虽然体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。虽然现在人们
比
140
年前高了
2
英寸，特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是明显的，在二十世纪
60
年代
早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。他们已
经不可能再长得更高了。“在这个基因和环境的条件下，现
在整体的人们已经长到我们能
够达到的范围了，
”Wright
州大学的人类学家
William Cameron Chumlea
说道。
编辑版
word
拿
NBA
球员来说，他们身高的增加主
要由于从世界各地招募到了球员。
obscure
[
?
b's
kju
?
] a.
微暗的
,
难解的
,
含糊的
,
晦涩的
,
偏僻的<
/p>
,
不著名的
vt.
使阴暗
,
隐藏
,
使含糊
【例】
The drafting of this
section of the Bill is obscure.
草案上的这一项含糊不清。
apparently
[
?
'p?
r
?
ntli] ad.
表面上
,
似乎
,
显然地<
/p>
【例】
Apparently he
wanted to be close to those common people.
他显然想接近那些平民。
genetic
[d
?
i'neitik] a. <
/p>
遗传的
,
遗传学的
【例】
An enzyme that
catalyzes genetic recombination.
催化重级酶能催化基因重组的一种酶。
anthropologist
[?n
θr
?
'p
?
l
?
d
?
is
t]
n.
人类学家
【例】
The anthropologist
contrasted two cultures in his lecture.
这位人类学家在讲座中将两种文化进行对比。
recruit
[ri'kru:t]
n.
新兵
,
新分子
,
新会员
,
补给品
vt.
使恢复
,
补充
,
征募
vi.
征募新兵
,
复原
【例】
We recruit all our
restaurant staff locally .
我们从本地招所有的餐厅职员。
3. Though typically about two inches
taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people
–
especially those born to
families who have lived in the U.S. for
many generations
–
apparently reached their limit in the early
1960s.
【译文】虽然现在人们比
140
年前高了
2
英寸，特别是那些
出生在已移民美国很多代的那些人，但是
明显的，在二十世纪
6
0
年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限。
【解析】这句话主语是
today’s
people，
Though typically about two
inches taller now than 140 years
ago
是
状语，
especially
those born to families who have lived in the U.S.
for many
generations
是对主语的补充，
reached
their limit
是谓语，
in
the early 1960s
是时间状语。
④
Growth, which
rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands
calories and nutrients
–
notably, protein
–
to
feed expanding tissues.
At
the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and
childhood infections got in the way. But as
diet and health improved, children and
adolescents have, on average, increased in height
by about an inch and a half
every 20
years, a pattern known as the secular trend in
height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease
Control and
Prevention, average height
–
5′9″ for men,
5′4″ for women –
hasn’t
really changed since 1960.
身高的增长一般在
20
岁以后就停止了
，
而发育是需要能量和营养的，
其中的蛋白质用来供给组织的生
长。在
20
世纪初，营养不良和儿童疾
病妨碍了整体的发育。但是当饮食和健康的促进，儿童和青少年平均
每
< br>20
年都增长了大概
1.5
英寸
，
这就是长高的趋势。
根据疾病防治中心，
从
1960
年开始，
人们的平均身
高，
男性
5
英尺
9
英寸，女性
5
英尺
4
英寸，就没有怎么改变了。
tissue
['ti
?
u]
n.
薄
的纱织品
,
薄纸
,
棉纸
,
组织
,
连篇
【例】
The
process of dissolution and resorption of bony
tissue.
骨组织吸收骨组织分解和吸收的过程。
adolescent
[?d
?
u'lesnt]
a.
青春期的
,
青年的
n.
青少年
【例】
an awkward bad-mannered
adolescent boy.
笨拙的没礼貌的青少年。
secular
['sekjul
?
]
n.
牧
师
,
俗人
a.
世俗的
,
现世的
,
< br>不朽的
,
长期的
【例】
The choir sings both
sacred and secular music.
唱诗班既唱圣乐也唱世俗歌曲。
4. Growth, which rarely continues
beyond the age of 20, demands calories and
nutrients
–
notably, protein
–
to
编辑版
word
feed
expanding tissues.
【译文】身高的增长
一般在
20
岁以后就停止了，而发育是需要能量和营养的，其中
的蛋白质用来供给
组织的生长。
【解
析】
这句话中
Growth
是主语，<
/p>
which rarely continues beyond the age of
20
是定语从句，
demands
是谓
语，
calories and
nutrients
是宾语。
notably,
protein
–
to feed expanding
tissues
是对宾语的补足。
Genetically
speaking,
there
are
advantages
to
avoiding
substantial
height.
During
childbirth,
larger
babies
have
more
difficulty passing through the birth canal.
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for
millions of years,
our feet and back
continue to struggle with bipedal posture and
cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by
oversize limbs. “There are some real
constraints that are set by the genetic
architecture of the individual organism,”
says anthropologist William Leonard of
Northwestern University.
总的说来，避免太高的身高是有很多优点的。在生产时，较大的婴儿通过产道是有更多的问题
的。而
且，就算人类已经直立行走已经几百万年了，我们的脚和背部继续对抗着巨大的压
力，这些压力来源于双
足直立的姿势和巨大的肢体。“有一些限制是个体器官的基因结构
导致的。”西北大学的人类学家
William
Leonard
说道。
substantial
[s
?<
/p>
b'st?n
?
?
l] n.
重要部分
,
本质
a.
实质上的
,
物质的
,
有
内容的
,
结实的
【例】
She realized a
substantial return on the investment.
她在那次投资中获得了实在的回报
bipedal
['baipedl] a.
两足动物
【例】
large carnivorous bipedal
dinosaur having huge claws.
爪巨大的大型食肉类两足恐龙。
strain
[strein] vt.
拉紧
,<
/p>
绷紧
;
损伤
,<
/p>
扭伤
;
紧张
,<
/p>
勉强
vi.
尽力
,
使劲
n. U
拉紧
,
张力
,
应变
;
紧张
【例】
The great mental strain
and overwork shattered his
mind.
巨大的精神负担和过度劳累使他心智受损。
architecture
['
ɑ<
/p>
:kitekt
?
?
] n.
建筑学
,
建筑术
;
建筑物
;
组织
,
结构
【例】
The study of
ecclesiastical architecture and ornamentation.
教堂建筑学研究教堂建筑及装饰的学科。
Genetic
maximums
can
change,
but
don’t
expect
this
to
happen
soon.
⑤
Claire
C.
Gordon,
senior
anthropologist
at
the
Army
Research
Center
in
Natick,
Mass.,
ensures
that
90
percent
of
the
uniforms
and
workstations fit
recruits without alteration.
She says
that, unlike those for basketball, the length of
military uniforms
has
not
changed
for
some
time.
And
if
you
need
to
predict
human
height
in
the
near
future
to
design
a
piece
of
equipment, Gordon says
that by and large, “you could use today’s data and
feel fairly confident.”
基因的最大化可以改变，但是不要期待它会马上就能发生。
Mass<
/p>
州的
Natick
的军队研究中心的高级
人
类学家
Claire C. Gordon
< br>确信百分之九十的入伍新兵不需要更换新的制服和工作站。她说，不像那些篮球制
服，军队的制服长度很长时间都没有改变了。如果你需要在不远的将来预测人类的身高而去设计一款新的
设备，
Gordon
说基本上，“你都能够使用
现在的数据并且觉得非常地自信。”
5. Claire C. Gordon, senior
anthropologist at the Army Research Center in
Natick, Mass,ensures that 90 percent
of
the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without
alteration.
【译文】
M
ass
州的
Natick
的军队研究中
心的高级人类学家
Claire C. Gordon
确信百分
之九十的入伍新兵
不需要更换新的制服和工作站。
【解析】
这句话中
Claire C.
Gordon
是主语，
senior
anthropologist at the Army Research Center in
Natick, Mass
是对主语的补充，
ensures<
/p>
是谓语，
that 90 percent of the
uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alt
eration
是
that
引导的宾语
从句，
90 percent of the uniforms and works
tations
是宾语从句中的主语，
fit
< br>是宾语从句中的
编辑版
word
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