2018考研英语真题和翻译

2017

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

Section I

Use of English

Directions:

Read

the

following

text.

Choose

the

best

word(s)

for

each

numbered

blank

and

mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a re

sounding “yes!”

1

helping you feel close and

2

to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can

bring a

3

of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace

might even help you

4

getting sick this winter.

In

a

recent

study

5

over

400

health

adults,

researchers

from

Carnegie

Mellon

University

in

Pennsylvania

examined

the

effects

of

perceived

social

support

and

the

receipt

of

hugs

6

the

participants’

susceptibility

to

developing

the

common

cold

after being

7

to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely

to

come

8

with

a

cold,

and

the

researchers

9

that

the

stress-reducing

effects

of

hugging

10

about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.

11

among those who got a

cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less

severe

12

.

“Hugging

protects

people

who

are

under

stress

from

the

13

risk

for

colds

that’s usually

14

with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at

Carnegie. Hugg

ing “is a marker of intimacy and helps

15

the feeling that others are

there to help

16

difficulty.”

Some experts

17

the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the

release

of

oxytocin,

often

called

“the

bonding

hormone”

18

it

promotes

attachment

in

relationships,

including

that

between

mother

and

their

newborn

babies.

Oxytocin

is

made

primarily

in

the

central

lower

part

of

the

brain,

and

some

of

it

is

released into the bloodstream. But some of it

19

in the brain, where it

20

mood,

behavior and physiology.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

[A] Besides

[A] equal

[A] view

[A] avoid

[A] collecting

[A] on

[A] devoted

[A] along

[A] imagined

[A] served

[A] Thus

[A] defeats

[B] Unlike

[B] restricted

[B] host

[B] forget

[B] affecting

[B] in

[B] attracted

[B] across

[B] denied

[B] restored

[B] Still

[B] symptoms

[C] Throughout

[C] connected

[C] lesson

[C] recall

[C] guiding

[C] at

[C] lost

[C] down

[C] doubted

[C] explained

[C] Rather

[C] errors

[D] Despite

[D] inferior

[D] choice

[D] keep

[D] involving

[D] of

[D] exposed

[D] out

[D] calculated

[D] required

[D] Even

[D] tests

13

14

15

16

[A] highlighted

[A] presented

[A] assess

[B] increased

[B] equipped

[B] generate

[C] controlled

[C] associated

[C] moderate

[D] minimized

[D] compared

[D] record

[A]

in

the

name

[B]

in

the

form

[C]

in

the

face

[D]

in

the

way

of

of

of

of

[A] attribute

[A] unless

[A] remains

[A] experiences

[B] commit

[B] because

[B] emerges

[B] combines

[C] transfer

[C] though

[C] vanishes

[C] justifies

[D] return

[D] until

[D] decreases

[D]influences

17

18

19

20

拥 抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”

。除了能帮助你感

到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，

事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多

好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。

最近，

宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过

400

名健康成年人进

行了研究。他们在让这些 实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持”

和

“受到 别人拥抱”

这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。

感觉到 更多社

会支持的人更不容易患感冒，

研究人员推算出，

这种对健康的有益影响，

大约有

32%

是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉

得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。

“拥 抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、

愈发增加的感冒

< br>的风险，

”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登·科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲< /p>

密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。

”

一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生 素，

其通常被称为“结合激素”

，因为它能促进依附关系，包括 母亲与新生婴儿之间

的依附关系。催生素主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放 进血液里。

但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。

Section

Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,

B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

First

two

hours,

now

three

hours

—

this

is

how

far

in

advance

authorities

are

recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S.

airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for

increased

safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists

may

have downed

over

the

Mediterranean

Sea,

provides

another

tragic

reminder

of

why.

But

demanding

too

much

of

air

travelers

or

providing

too

little

security

in

return

undermines

public

support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic

and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check

that

undercover

investigators

were

able

to

sneak

weapons

—

both

fake

and

real

—

past

airport

security

nearly

every

time

they

ed

security

measures

since

then,

combined

with

a

rise

in

airline

travel

due

to

the

improving

economy

and

and

low

oil

prices,

have

resulted

in

long

waits

at

major

airports

such

as

Chicago’s

O’Hare

is

not

yet

clear

how

much

more

effective

airline

security

has

become

—

but the lines are obvious.

Part

of

the

issue

is

that

the

government

did

not

anticipate

the

steep

increase

in

airline

travel, so the

TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the

line. Part of the

issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be

that

more

people

are

trying

to

overpack

their

carry-on

bags

to

avoid

checked-baggage

fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or

rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck ck is supposed to

be

a win-win for travelers and the TSA.

Passengers

who pass a background check are

eligible to use expedited screening allows the TSA to focus on travelers who

are higher risks, saving time for everyone wants to enroll 25 million people

in PreCheck.

It

has

not

gotten

anywhere

close

to

that,

and

one

big

reason

is

sticker

shock:

Passengers must pay $$85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the

beginning,

this

price

tag

has

been

PreCheck’s

fatal

flaw.

Upcoming

reforms

migh

t

bring

the

price

to

a

more

reasonable

Congress

should

look

into

doing

so

directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while

most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the

program work.

21.

The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to________.

[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide

[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports

[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current security checks

[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection

22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?

[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags

[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA

[C] An increase in the number of travelers

[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks

word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to

________.

[A] faster

[B] quieter

[C] wider

[D] cheaper

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is___________.

[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale

[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation

[C] The government’s reluctance to back it

[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Less Screening for More Safety

[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

Text 1

全文翻译

以前是

2

小时，

现在是

3

小时——这就是航空当局建议旅客提前到达机场赶< /p>

国内航班的时间，

至少美国一些大的机场是这么建议的，

因为安检队伍正变得越

来越长。

美国人现在愿意忍受费时的安检程序，

以换取更高的安全性。

被恐怖分子袭

击而坠入地中海的埃及航空

804

号航班给了大家为什么这么做的一个悲剧提醒。

但是对飞机乘客要求太 多或者在安全保障方面的成效不足反过来又会降低公众

对这一程序的支持。其就会演变成 ：浪费的时间耽误了美国的经济和私人生活，

也会使乘客感到愤怒。

去年，

美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，

管理局的便衣调查员在

尝试偷运武器的时候（无论真假）