2012年高考北京卷阅读理解真题附答案详解(全网最精解析版)

2021年2月11日发(作者：节奏布鲁斯)

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中国首家承诺学习效果的教育公司

2012

年高考北京卷阅读理解真题附答案详解

（全网最精解析版）

Decision- making under Stress

A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers

the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative

(

负面的

) consequences of a decision.

The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable wa

ys.

“Stress

affects how people

learn,”

says Professor Mara Mather.

“People

learn better about po

sitive than negative outcomes under

stress.”

For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(

影

像

) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stre

ssed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the othe

r, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed partici

pants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accuratel

y than those who

hadn’t

gone through the stress.

This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or s

moking a cigarette while under stress

–

at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such a

ctivities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effec

t. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easil

y recalled.

The research also found that stress appears to affect decision- making differently in men and

women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stre

ss, their responses to risk turn out to be different.

Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experimen

t while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay

off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.

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中国首家承诺学习效果的教育公司

This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also h

elp explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid

making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.

（

350 words

）

64.

We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.

A. keep rewards better in their memory

B. recall consequences more effortlessly

C. make risky decisions more frequently

D. learn a subject more effectively

65.

According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.

A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure

C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions

66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.

A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits

B. men have a greater tendency to slow down

C. women focus more on outcomes

D. men are more likely to take risks

答案与解析：

64. A.

本题属于细节理解题，根据题干可以定位到文章第一段，

“

< p>
causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision

”可

知答案

A

选项 正确。

65. A.

本题属于细节 理解题，根据题干可以定位到文章第二段，

“

The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.

”，可知答案

A

选项正确。

66. D.

本题属于细节理解题，根据题干可以定位到文章 的第七段，

“

Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment

while women responded in the opposite way.

”，可 知

D

选项正确。根据文章最后一段可知

B

选项错误；根据文章六段可知，

C

选 项错误。

A

选项在文章没有提到，属于无中生有。

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中国首家承诺学习效果的教育公司

重点单词：

基础词汇

stress

review

reward

associate

response

avoid

提高词汇

acute

严重的

participant

accurately

caution

tendency

参与者

精确地

谨慎

趋势

phenomenon

resist

weigh

eventually

现象

抵制

具有重要性

最终

压力

评论

奖励

使联系

反应

避免

advantage

优势

ignore

negative

audience

tend

addicted

risky

忽略

消极的

观众

趋向

沉迷的

冒险的

disadvantage

劣势

punishment

recall

cautious

addiction

惩罚

回忆

谨慎的

上瘾

consequence

后果

predictable

可预测的

harden

拓展词汇

ignorant

ignorance

consequent

无知的

无知

随之发生的

变坚固

positive

phenomena

predict

积极的

association

协会

精确度

使??

现象（复数）

accuracy

预测

—

en

consequently

因此

重点短语：

base on

in

?

way

go through

基于

以?的方式

经历

focus on

under stress

集中于

压力下

make choices

connect

?< /p>

with

turn out

take risks

be addicted to

做选择

和?联系

结果

冒险

沉迷于

associate

?

with

和?联系

bring about

be likely to do

引起

可能做?

come to mind

想到

pay off

取得成功

长难句分析：