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Pleased to Meet You
很高兴认识你
During
World
War
II,
a
lot
of
young
women
in
Britain
were
in
the
army.
Joan
Phillips was one of them. She worked in a big
camp, and of course
met a lot of men,
officers and soldiers.
One
evening
she
met
Captain
Humphreys
at
a
dance.
He
said
to
her,
going abroad tomorrow, but
I'd be very happy if we could write to each
other.
Then
his
letters
stopped,
but
she
received
one
from
another
officer,
telling her that he had been wounded
and was in a certain army hospital
in
England.
Joan
went there and said to the matron,
Humphreys.
relatives
are
allowed
to
visit
patients
here,
the
matron
said.
在第二次
世界大战中，有许多年轻的妇女在军营中服役。琼
.
飞利浦斯是
其
中之一。她在一个大军营中工作，当然遇到了许多男士，包括军官和士兵。
一天晚上她在舞会
上遇到了军官汉弗雷斯。他对她说，“我明天就要出国，
但如果我们能够相互写信，
我会很高兴。
”琼同意了，
于是他们几个月
里一直通
着信。
后来，他再没有来信。她收到了另一个军官的信，告诉她，他
受伤了，住在
英格兰的某个部队医院里。
琼到了医院，她对护士长说，“我来看望军官汉弗雷斯。”
“这里只有亲属可以探望病人。”护士长说。
“噢，是的，”琼说，“我是他的妹妹。”
“很高兴认识你，”护士长说，“我是他的母亲。”
2.
动物比人先会笑
As
the
human
brain
evolved,
humans
were
able
to
laugh
before
they
could
speak, according to a
new study.
一项最新
的研究结果显示，
由于大脑的进化，
人类在能够说话之前就已经
学
会笑了。
But
here's
the
punch
line:
Laughter
and
joy
are
not
unique
to
humans,
the study says.
Ancestral forms of play and laughter existed in
other
animals long before humans began
cracking up.
研究
结果同时表明，笑和喜悦并不只是人类所特有的，早在人类会笑之前，
其它一些动物就已
经拥有原始形态的笑声了。
Panksepp,
a
professor
of
psychobiology
at
Bowling
Green
State
University
in Ohio.
美国俄亥俄州保令·格林州立大学
( Bowling
Green State University)
的
神经生物
学家杰克·潘克塞普表示：“人类笑的历史深深植根于我们的动物
史。”
Panksepp
has
studied
rats
and
found
that
when
they
they
often
chirp--a primitive
form of laughter, according to the scientist. And
he
makes the argument that animal
laughter is the basis for human joy.
潘克塞普曾对老鼠进行了相关研究，
他发现，
当老鼠“玩耍”的时候，
他们
经常发出一种唧唧喳喳很尖的声音，
而这则是笑的一种原始形态。
潘克塞普在文
章中提出的论点是，动物的笑是人类快乐的基础。
In studying laughter, scientists have
focused mostly on related
issues--
humor,
personality,
health
benefits,
social
theory--rather
than
laughter itself.
在以前的研究中，科学家们曾把工作的重心大部分集中在和笑
相关问题上，
如幽默感、个性、以及健康的好处等，而非笑本身。
New research, however, shows that
very ancient regions of the human
brain. As humans have incorporated
language
into
play,
we
may
have
developed
new
connections
to
joyous
parts
of our brains that evolved before the
cerebral cortex, the outer layer
associated with thought and memory.
而最新的研究结果则显示，
笑的“循环线路”存在于人类大脑非常古老的区
域中。
当人类把语言与玩耍结合在了一起时，
我们或许已经和大脑的快乐部分建
立了新的关系，
这个部分的进化要早于和人们思考及记忆密切相关的大
脑皮层的
进化。
Researchers say
that the capacity to laugh emerges early in child
development, as anyone who has tickled
a baby knows.
对
此，
研究人员表示，
笑的能力在孩子发育阶段早早地就显现出来
，
这一点
是任何一个曾经胳肢过小婴儿的人都知道的。
There is ample evidence that many other
mammals make play sounds,
including
tickle-induced
panting,
which
resembles
human
laughter.
Indeed,
animals are capable
of many emotional feelings, just like humans, some
scientists say.
有很多证据可以表明，
其他一些哺乳动物也可以发出类似笑的声
音，
其中包
括很类似于人类笑声的由挠痒痒引起的喘息声。
一些科学家说，
事实上，
动物和
人类一样是具有多种情感和情绪的。
underlying
pain,
pleasure,
fear,
and
lust
are
the
same
in
humans
and
other
mammals underscores our similarity to
other species and is extremely
important,
said
Tecumseh
Fitch,
a
psychology
lecturer
at
the
University
of St. Andrews in Scotland.
苏格兰圣·安德鲁斯大学的心理学讲师菲奇表示：
“神经科学家公认的，
人
类和其它哺乳动物间支撑
痛苦、
压力、
恐惧及性的大脑机制都是相同的这一理论
强调了人类与其它物种的相似之处，而这一点是非常重要的。”
In
a 2003 study Panksepp and Bowling Green State
University
neurobiologist Jeff Burgdorf
demonstrated that if rats are tickled in a
playful way, they readily chirp. Rats
that were tickled bonded with the
researchers
and
became
rapidly
conditioned
to
seek
tickles.
Understanding
the chirping
of the rats may help scientists better understand
human
laughter.
早在
2003
年的一项研究中，潘克塞
普和保令·格林州立大学的神经生物学
家杰夫·伯格多弗就曾证明，
如果人们以一种十分有趣的方式胳肢老鼠，
它们就
会发出一
种唧喳的声音。
而弄清老鼠的这种叫声，
则可能会帮助科学家们
更好地
了解人类笑的历史。
Robert
Provine,
a
psychology
professor
at
the
University
of
Maryland
in
Baltimore,
agrees
there
is
an
evolutionary
continuity
of
laughter.
Its
origin is in tickling and rough-and-
tumble play, he says.
美国马里兰大学的心理学教授罗伯特·布鲁文赞同笑也具有进化连续性的
这一说法。他说，笑的起源来自于挠痒痒以及杂乱无章的游戏。
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