-
英
语
四
级
阅
读
理
解
< br>练
习
题
及
解
析
(
1
)
【阅读练习】
What?is?it?about?Americans?
and?food??We?love?to?eat,but?w
e?feel?1?
about?it?afterward.?We?say?we?want?only?the?best,<
/p>
?but?we?strangely?enjoy?junkfood.?
We’re
?2?with?health?and?
weight?loss?but?face?an?unprecedented?epidemic?of
?obesity(
肥胖
).?Perhaps?the?3?
to?this?ambivalence(
矛盾情
结
)?lies?in?our?history.?The?first?Europeans?
cameto?this?conti
nent?searching?for?new
?spices?but?went?in?vain.?The?first?ca
s
h?crop(
经济作
物
)wasn’
t
?eaten?but?smoked.?Then?there?was?Proh
ibition,?int
ended?to?prohibit?drinking?
butactually?encouraging?more?4?w
ays?of?
doing?it.
The?i
mmigrant?experience,?too,?has?been?one?of?inharmon
y.
?Do?as?Romans?do?meanseating?what?
“real
?
Americans”
?eat,?
but?our?
nation’
s
?food?has?come?to?be?5?by?imports
—
pizza,sa
y,?or?hot?dog
s.?And?some?of?the?
country’s
?most?treasured?c
ooking?comes?from?peop
le?whoarrived?here?in?shackles.
Perhaps?it?should?come?as?n
o?surprise?then?that?food?has?b
een?a?me
dium?for?the?
nation’sdefining
?struggles,?whether?at
?the?Boston?Tea?
Party?or?the?sit?ins?at?southern?lunch??is?in
tegral?to?our?concepts?of?health?and?even?mo rality?whether?
one?refrains?from?alcoho
l?forreligious?reasons?or?evades?mea
t?f
or?political?6
But?strong?opinions?have?not?brought?7
.?Americans?are?am
bivalent?about?what?t
hey?putin?their?mouths.?We?have?beco
me?
8?of?our?foods,?especially?as?we?learn?more?about?
what
?theycontain.
The?9?in?food?is?still?pros
perous?in?the?American?consciousn
ess.?<
/p>
It’s
?no?coincidence,?then,tha
t?the?first?Thanksgiving?hol
ds?the?Amer
ican?imagination?in?such?bondage(
束
缚
).?
It’s
?wh
atwe?eat
—
and?how?we?10?it?wi
th?friends,?family,
?and?strangers
—
that?help?define?America?as?acomm
unity?tod
ay.
A.?answer?I.?creative
B.?result?J.?belief
C.?share?K.?suspicious
D.?guilty?L.?certainty
E.?constant?M.?obsessed
F.?defined?N.?identify
G.?vanish?O.?ideals
H.?adapted
【答案及详解】
1.?D?feel
是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容
词，通过上下文意思，以及后面
介词
about,
可以确定选项为
D
项
guilty,
短语
feel?guilty?about?
sth. “
对
……
感到有愧
”
< br>。全句的
意思为
“
我们很爱吃，
但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感
”
。
?be?obsessed?wi
th?
为固定搭配，原意为
“
被
……
附上
/
缠住
/
迷住心窍
”
，放
在本句表示
“
十分重视
”
。全句的意思为
“
我们很关
心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延
”
。
< br>
3.?A?
本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词
to
的搭配
，
可以推断出正确选项
answer.
4.?I
本句根据
more
和
ways
可以判断出需要填入一个形容词
构成比较级，根据上下文，表示
“
旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激
发了更多新奇的
方法来酗酒
”
，可以
确定
I
为正确选项。
5.?F?
本题较难。根据
be?
和
by?
确定应填入一个过去分词。
再根据上下文，上文表示
“
应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物
”
，下文
通过
?but?
转折，表示
实际上
“
美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗
这样的舶来品所诠释了
”
，因此可以确定
< br>F
为正确选项。
政治结果，可根据宗教原因
reli
gious?reasons
来推断此处填
政治结果。
7.?L
由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成
bring
的短
语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做
bring
的宾语。根据下文解释，
“
美国人对他们所
吃的食物的态
度是矛盾的
”
，
可以推出本句意义
为
“
坚定的观点也不是确定不变的
”
。<
/p>
因此可以确定
L
为正确选项。
8.?K
系动词
become
后应填入一个形容词，和后
面介词
of
形成短语
be/becom
e?suspicious?
of“
对
……
感到怀疑
”
。
9.?J
< br>本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词
in
的搭配，可
以推断出正确选项
belief
，
(have)belief?in?
sth.“
相信
……”
。
10.?C
本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和
with?
搭配，确<
/p>
定选项为
share,?share?sth.?
withsb., “
与某人分享某事
”
。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析
(2)
【阅读练习】
Baekeland?and?Hartmann?repo
rt?that?the?
“short
?
sleepers”had
?been?more?or?less?averag
e?in?their?sleep?needs?until?the?m
en?we
re?in?their?teens.?But?atabout?age?15?or?so,?the?m
en?
voluntarily?began?cutting?down?their
?nightly?sleep?time?beca
useof?pressures
?from?school,?work,?and?other?activities.?The
se?men?tended?to?view?their?nightlyperiods?o f?unconsciousne
ss?as?bothersome?interru
ptions?in?their?daily?routines.
In?general,?these?
“short
?
sleeps”
?
appeared?ambitious,?active,?
energetic,?
cheerful,conformist(
不动
摇
)?in?their?opinions,?and?very?sure?about?the ir?career?choic
es.?They?often?heldsever
al?jobs?at?once,?or?workers?full-
or?p
art-time?while?going?to?school.?And
?many?of?them?hada?stro
ng?urge?to?appea
r?
“normal”
?or?
“ac
ceptable”
?to?their?friends?
a
nd?associates.
When?asked?to?recall?their?dreams,?the?
“short
?
sleepers”
?
did?
poorly.?More?than?this,?theyseemed?
to?prefer?not?rememberi
ng.?In?similar?f
ashion,?their?usual?way?of?dealing?withpsycho
logical?problems?was?to?deny?that?the?proble m?existed,?and?
then?to?keep?busy?in?the
hope?that?the?trouble?would?go?aw
ay.
The?sleep?patte
rns?of?the?
“short
?
sleepers”
?were?similar?to,?b
ut?less?extreme?than,?sleeppatterns?shown?by?many
?mental?
patients?categorized?as?manic(<
/p>
疯人
).
The?
“long
?
sleepers”
?were?quite?different?inde
ed.?Baekeland?a
nd?Hartmann?report?thatt
hese?young?men?had?been?lengthy
?sleeps?
since?childhood.?They?seemed?to?enjoy?their?sleep,
pr
otected?it,?and?were?quite?concerned?
when?they?were?occasi
onally?deprived?of
?their?desired?9hours?of?nightly?bed?rest.?
They?tended?to?recall?their?dreams?much?better
?than?did?th
e?
“shortsleepers
.”
M
any?of?the?
“long
?
sleepers”
?were?shy,?anxious,?introverte
d?(
内向
),?inhibited?(
压
抑
),passive,?mildly?depres
sed,?and?unsure?of?themselves?(par
ticul
arly?in?social?situations).?Severalopenly?states?t
hat?sleep?
was?an?escape?from?their?dail
y?problems.
1.?According?to?the?report,______.
A)?many?short?s
leepers?need?less?sleep?by?nature
B)?many?short?sleepers?are?
obliged?to?reduce?their?nightly?sl
eep?t
ime?because?they?arebusy?with?their?work
C)?long?sleeper
s?sleep?a?longer?period?of?time?during?the?da
y
D)?many
?long?sleepers?preserve?their?sleeping?habit?forme
d?
during?their?childhood
2.?Many?
“short
?
sleepers”
?are?like
ly?to?hold?the?view?that?__
___.
A)?sleep?is?a?w
ithdrawal?from?the?reality
B)?sleep?interferes?with?their?sound?ju
dgement
C)?slee
p?is?the?least?expensive?item?on?their?routine?pro
gra
m
D)?sleep?is?the?best?way?to?deal?with?psychologic
al?troubles
3.?
It?is?stated?in?the?third?paragraph?that?short?sle
epers?___
__.
A)?are?ideally?vigorous?even?under?the?pr
essures?of?life
B)?often?neglect?the?consequences?of?inadequate?s
leep
C)?do?not?know?how?to?relax?properly
D)?are?more?unl
ikely?to?run?into?mental?problems
4.?When?sometimes?they?cann
ot?enjoy?adequate?sleep,?the?l
ong?sleep
ers?might?____.
A)?appear?disturbed
B)?become?energetic
C)?feel?dissatisfied
D)?be?extremely?depressed
5.?Which?of?the
?following?is?Not?included?in?the?passage?
A)?If?one?sleep
s?inadequately,?his?performance?suffers?and?
his?memory?is?weakened
B)?The?sleep?patterns?of?sh
ort?sleepers?are?exactly?the?sane
?as?th
ose?shown?by?manymental?patients
C)?Long?and?short?sleepers?
differ?in?their?attitudes?towards?
sleep
D)?Short?sleepe
rs?would?be?better?off?with?more?rest
【答案及详解】
答案：
DCBAB
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，
“
睡眠少的人
”
在未进入少年期之前，
其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了
15
< br>岁左右，
由于学校、
工作或其它
活动的地压力，
他们就故意地减少了夜间
睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌
的事情，打断了日常事
务。
总
的说来，这些
“
睡眠少的人
”
表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、
精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对
自己职业的选择胸有
成竹。他们往往同时从事几
项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从
事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿
望，想在朋友和熟人面
前表现得
“
正常
”
或
“
合群<
/p>
”
。
当让他们回忆梦境时，
“
睡眠少的人
”
回忆不起什么来。更有
甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理
心理问题的方
式：不承认问
题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦
总会过去的。
“
睡眠少的人
”
的
睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡
眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。
“
睡眠多的人
”
情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈
特曼报道说，这
些年轻人从小的，
有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。<
/p>
他们好像注重睡眠，
不让睡眠受打搅。
偶
尔没
有所需的
9
个小时夜间卧床休息，
他们
便会十分不安。他们比
“
睡眠少的人
”
要更能
回忆得起梦的内容。
许多
“
睡眠多的人
”
腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微
有点儿
沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡
眠是摆脱每
天烦恼的一种方式。
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析
(3)
【阅读练习】
Upon?reaching?an?appropriat
e?age?(usually?between?18and?2
1?years),
?children?are?encouraged,?but?not?forced,?to?
“lea
ve
?the?
nest”
?and?begin?anindependent?life.?Aft
er?children?leave
?home?they?often?find?
social?relationship?and?financialsuppor
t?outside?the?family.?Parents?do?not?arrange?marri
ages?for?t
heir?children,?nor?do?childre
nusually?ask?permission?of?their?
parent
s?to?get?married,?Romantic?love?is?most?often?the?
bas
isfor?marriage?in?the?United?States;
?young?adults?meet?their
?future?spouses
?(
配
偶
)?through?oth
erfriends,?at?jobs,?and?in?organizations?and?r
eligious?institutions,?Although?children?ch
oose?theirown?spous
es,?they?still?hope?
their?parents?will?approve?of?their?choices
.
In?many?f
amilies,?parents?feel?that?children?should?make?ma
jor?life?decisions?bythemselves.?A?pare
nt?may?try?to?influenc
e?a?child?to?foll
ow?a?particular?profession?but?the?childis?fre
e?to?choose?another?career.?Sometimes?child
ren?do?precisely
?the?opposite?of?what?t
heirparents?wish?in?order?to?assert?t
he
ir?independence.?A?son?may?deliberately?decide?not
?to?goi
nto?his?
father’s
?business?because?of?a?fear?that?he?will?los e?
his?autonomy?in?his?
father
’sworkplace.
?This?independence?fro
m?parents?is?not?an?indication?that?parents? and?children?don
ot?love?each?other.?Str
ong?love?between?parents?and?childre
n?i
s?universal?and?this?is?noexception?in?the?America
n?family
?Coexisting?with?such?love?in?t
he?American?family?are?cultur
alvalues?o
f?self?
–
?reliance?and?indepe
ndence.
1.?The?
writer?discusses?the?marriage?of?young?adults?in?o
rd
er?to?show?which?of?thefollowing?
A)?They?enjoy?t
he?freedom?of?choosing?their?spouses.
B)?They?want?to?win?the?per
mission?of?their?parents.
C)?They?have?a?strong?desire?to?become?
independent.
D)
?They?want?to?challenge?the?authority?of?their?par
ents.
2.?Most?y
oung?adults?in?the?.?get?married?for?the?sake?of?_
___.
A)?love
B)?financial?concern
C)?their?parents
D)?family?background
3.?Based?on?the?passage,?it
?can?be?assumed?that?______.
A)?American?young?adults?ar
e?likely?to?follow?the?suit?of?the
ir?pa
rents
B)?most?A
merican?people?never?make?major?decisions?for?th
eir?children
C)?American?young?adults?possess?cultural?v
alues?of?indepen
dence
D)?once?a?young?person?step
s?into?his?twenties,?he?will?leav
e?his?
home?permanently
4.?A?son?is?unwilling?to?work?in?his?
father’s
?business?mainly
?bec
ause?_____.
A)?
he?wishes?to?make?full?use?of?what?he?has?learnt?i
n?sch
ool
B)?he?wants?to?prove?his?independence
C)?he?wishes?to
?do?the?opposite?of?what?his?parents?approv
e?of
D)?he?
wants?to?show?his?love?for?his?parents
5.?The?subject?matter?of?th
is?selection?is?_____.
A)?family?values
B)?marriage?arrangements
C)?the?pursuit?of?a?career
D)?decision?making
【答案及详解】
答案：
CACBA
子女一旦到适当年龄
(
通常是
18
至
21
岁
)<
/p>
，要鼓励而不是强
迫他们
“
离开窝的，财政的巢
”
，开始独立生活。小孩离开家
后，
往往在外能够与人交
往，并自谋
出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，
子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情
往往是
婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗
教团体
认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他
们仍然
希望父母能认同他们的选择。
许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大<
/p>
决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选
择
其它职业的自由。
有时为了
证实自己
的独立性，
子女从事的工
作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执
意不去父亲的企业工作，
因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不
意
味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚
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