-
Section B
Directions:
In this section,
you are
going
to read a
passage with
ten
statements
attached
to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information
given
in
one
of
the
paragraphs.
Identify
the
paragraph
from
which
the
information
is
derived.
You
may
choose
a
paragraph
more
than
once.
Each
paragraph
is
marked
with
a
letter.
Answer
the
questions
by
marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet
2.
本文主要介绍了少数人拥有超
强记忆的原因，讨论了他们的幸运和不幸。
The Blessing and Curse
of
the People Who Never Forget
拥有超强记忆之人的福与祸
A
handful
of
people
can
recall
almost
every
day
of
their
lives
in
enormous
detail
—
and
after
years
of
research
，
neuroscientists
are
finally beginning to
understand how they do it.
有
少数人几乎能回忆起他们生活中每天的大量细节。经过多年研究之后，神
经科学专家终于
开始了解他们是怎么做到的。
HSAM
E)
‘Highly
superior autobiographical memory’ (or HSAM for
short),
first
came
to
light
in
the
early
2000s,
with
a
young
woman
named
Jill
Price.
Emailing
the
neuroscientist
and
memory
researcher
Jim
McGaugh one day, she claimed that she
could recall every day of her
life
since the age of 12. Could he help explain her
experiences?
E
）（<
/p>
43
）这种“超级自传体记忆”（简称
H
SAM
）首次进入公众视野是在
21
世
纪初。一天，一位名叫古尔·普莱斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉
姆·麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起
12
岁以
来毎一天的生活。麦克高夫
能否帮助解释她的经历？
43.
A
young
woman
sought
explanation
from
a
brain
scientist
when
she noticed her
unusual
memory.
43.
【定位】由题干中的
A
young
woman
，
explanation
和
brain
scientist
定位到文章
E<
/p>
）段。
E
）
【精析
】细节归纳题。定位段提到，—位名叫吉尔·普菜斯的年轻女士给
研究记忆的神经科学专
家吉姆·麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起
12
岁以
来每一天的生活。麦克高夫能否帮助解释她的经历？题干中的
her
unusual
memory
是对定位段中
she could recall
every day of her life since the
age of
12
的概括。整个题干是对定位段的概括归纳，故答案为
E
）。
36.
People with
HSAM
have
the
same
memory
as
ordinary
people
when
it comes to
impersonal
information
.
拥有“超级自传体记忆”者在记忆非个人信息方面和普通人一样。
37.
Fantasy
proneness
will not necessarily cause
people to develop
HSAM
.
幻想倾向不一定会导致人们形成“超级自传体记忆”。
38.
Veiseh
began
to
remember
the
details
of
his
everyday
experiences after
he met
his first young
love
.
在遇到自己的初恋后，维瑟开始能记住生活中的每个细节。
人名，专有名词易定位
——
B
）
C
）段
39.
Many
more
people
with
HSAM
started
to
contact
researchers
due
to the
mass
media.
得益于大众传媒更多
的“超级自传体记忆”者开始和研究者取得了联系。
40.
People with
HSAM
often have to make
efforts
to
avoid focusing
on the
past
.
“超级自传体记忆”者不得不努力不去关注过去。
41.
Most people
do
not
have
clear
memories
of past events.
大部分人对过去发生的事件没有淸晰的记忆。
42.
HSAM
can be
both a curse and a
blessing
.
“超级自传体记忆”是福也是祸。
43.
A
young
woman
sought
explanation
from
a
brain
scientist
when
she noticed her unusual
memory.
一位年轻女士发现自己的超常记忆力向脑科学家寻求解释。
44.
Some
people
with
HSAM
find
it
very
hard
to
get
rid
of
unpleasant
memories
.
一些“超级自传体记忆”者发觉忘掉不愉快的记忆非常困难。
45. A recent study of people with
HSAM
reveals that they are
liable
to
fantasy and full
absorption in an activity
.
一项关于拥有“超级自传体记记”者的研究表明他们有幻想倾
向和全神贯
注于某种活动的倾向。
A) For
most of
us, memory
is a mess of
blurred and faded pictures
of
our
lives.
As
much
as
we
would
like
to
cling
on
to
our
past,
even
the saddest moments can be washed away
with time.
A
）（
41
）对于大多数人而言，记忆就像一本逐渐模糊褪色的人生画册。无
论
我们多想要抓住过去，即使最痛苦的时刻也会随着时间而消逝。
41.
Most
people
do
not
have
clear
memories
of past
events.
41.
【定位】由题干中的
Most
people
，
memories
和
past
定位。
A
< br>）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段指出，对于大多数人而言，记忆就橡一本逐
渐模糊
褪色的人生画册。无论我们多想要抓住过去，即使最痛苦的时刻也会随
着时间而消逝。也
就是说，大部分人对过去发生的事件没有淸晰的记忆。题干
是对定位段的概括，故答案为
A
）。
B)
Ask
Nima
Veiseh
what
he
was
doing
for
any
day
in
the
past
15
years,
however,
and
he
will
give
you
the
details
of
the
weather,
what
he was wearing, or even what side of the train he
was sitting
on his journey to work.
“My memory is like a library of video
tapes,
walk-
throughs of
every day of my life from waking to sleeping,” he
explains.
B
）但是，如果你问尼玛·维瑟过去
15
年中任意一天
在做什么，他会告诉你从
当天的天气状况到他的衣着，甚至他去上班时坐在火车的哪一侧
等所有细节。
“我的记忆就像一个存放录像带的图书馆，完全记录我生活中从睁眼醒来到
入
睡的每一天，”他解释道。
C)
Veiseh
can
even put a date on when those tapes started
recording:
15
December
2000,
when
he
met
his
first
girlfriend
a
t
his
best
friend’s
16th birthday party. He had always had a good
memory,
but
the
thrill of young love
seems
to have shifted a gear in his mind:
from now on, he would start recording
his whole life in detail. “I
could tell
you everything about every day after that.
”
C
）（
3
8
）维瑟甚至能说出这些“录像带”开始录像的时间：
2000
年
12
月
15
日。那天，他在最好朋友的
16
岁生日
晚会上遇见了他的初恋女友。他之前记
忆力一直都很好，但是年轻爱情的冲动似乎拨动了
他脑中的某个机关。从那以
后，他开始能记录一生中的每个细节。“我能告诉你从那以后
每天发生的所有
事。”
38.
Veiseh
began
to
remember
the
details
of
his
everyday
experiences after
he met
his first young
love
.
38.
< br>【定位】由题干中的
Veiseh
和
first
young love
定位到文章
C
）段。
C
）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段主要介绍了维瑟的超强记忆启动的经历：在
最好朋友的生日晚会上遇到自己的初恋后，维瑟开始能记住生活中的每个细
节。题干是对
定位段的概括总结，故答案为
C
）。
D)
Needless
to
say,
people
like
Veiseh
are
of
great
interest
to
neuroscientists
（
神
经科
学
专家）
hoping
to
understand
the
way
the
brain
records
our
lives.
A
couple
of
recent
papers
have
finally
op
ened
a
window
on
these
people’s
extraordinary
minds.
And
such
research might even suggest ways for us
all to relive our past with
greater
clarity.
D
）毋庸多言，那
些想了解大脑如何记录人类生活的神经科学专家对维瑟这样
的人抱有极大的兴趣。最近一
些学术论文终于揭开了这些人的非凡记忆力的冰
山一角，这些研究甚至可能指引我们找到
方法去更加淸楚地重现我们过去的生
活。
A
）—
D<
/p>
）段以尼玛·维瑟的超强记忆力为例，说明科学家对超强记忆的兴趣，
及对此研究的意义。
E)
‘Highly
superior autobiographical memory’ (or HSAM for
short),
first
came
to
light
in
the
early
2000s,
with
a
young
woman
named
Jill
Price.
Emailing
the
neuroscientist
and
memory
researcher
Jim
McGaugh one day, she claimed that she
could recall every day of her
life
since the age of 12. Could he help
explain her
experiences
?
E
）（
43
）这种“超级自传体记忆”（简称<
/p>
HSAM
）首次进入公众视野是在
21<
/p>
世
纪初。一天，一位名叫古尔·普莱斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神
经科学专家吉
姆·麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起
12
岁以来毎一天的生活。麦克高夫
能否帮助解释她的经历？
F) McGaugh invited
her to his lab, and began to test her: he would
give
her
a
date
and
ask
her
to
tell
him
about
the
world
events
on
that day. True to her word, she was
correct almost every time.
F
）麦克高夫邀请她来他的实验室，并开始对她进行测试：他给出一个日期，
让她说出那天发生的世界大事。结果不悖其言，她几乎每次都能回答正确。
G) It
didn
’t take long
for magazines and documentary film-makers to
come
to
understand
her
“total
recall”,
and
thanks
to
the
subsequent
media
interest
,
a
few
dozen
other
subjects
(including
Veiseh)
have
since
come
forward
and
contacted
the
team
at
the
University of
California, Irvine.
G
）（
39
）没用多长时间，杂志和纪录片导演便来了解
她的“全面回忆”。得
益于这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个其他的受试者（包括维瑟）自告
奋勇，与加
利福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队取得了联系。
39.
Many
more
people
with
HSAM
started
to
contact
researchers
due
to the
mass
media.
39.
【定位】由题干
中的
contact,
due to
和
media
定位到文章
G
）段。
G
）【精析】同
义转述题。定位段指出，得益于这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个
其他的受试者（包括锥瑟）
自告奋勇，与加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队
取得了联系。题干中的
due to the mass media
是对定位句中的
thanks to
the subsequent media interest
的同义转述；题干中的
researchers
对应定
位句中的
the team
。故答案为
G
）。
H)
Interestingly,
their
memories
are
highly
self-centred:
although
they
can
re
member
“autobiographical”
life
events
in
extraordinary
detail,
they
seem
to
be
no
better
than
average
at
recalling
impersonal information
, such
as random
（任意选取的）
lists of
words.
Nor
are
they
necessarily
better
at
remembering
a
round
of
drinks,
say. And although their memories are
vast, they are still likely to
suffer
from “false memories”. Clearly, there is no such
thing as a
“perfect”
memory—
their
extraordinary
minds
are
still
using
the
same flawed tools that
the rest of us rely on. The question is,
how?
H
）
(36)
有趣的是，他们的记忆是高度自我中心化的：尽管他们能够非常详细
地记住“自传式”
生活事件，
但是在记忆非个人信息方面，比如随机排列的
单词，他们似乎不比普通人强。再如，他们也不能更好地记住一圈饮料的顺
< br>序。尽管这些人的记忆力非常强大，他们仍然很可能会承受“虚假记忆”之