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文知识部分
ABOUT
AMERICA
（一）
1.
）
introduction
美国概况
a.
国名：
the
United States of America
b.
国旗：
stars and st
ripes.
主体部分由
13
道红白相
间的横条组成；
旗面左上角排列着
50
颗白
色
五角星。
国旗上有白红蓝三种颜色。
13
道宽条代表美国最初的
13
个殖民地
（
t
hirteen colonies
）
，
50
颗五角星代表美利坚合众国。
c.
国徽（
National
Emblem
）
：
< br>主体一只胸前带有盾（
shield
）形图案的秃鹰（<
/p>
BALD
EAGLE
）
。秃鹰上方的顶冠内
13
颗白
色五角星代表美国最初的
13
个殖民地。
鹰爪分别抓着橄榄枝
(olive brance)
和箭
(arrows)
；
鹰嘴
< br>叼着黄色绶带上用拉丁文写着的
“
合众为一
”(E pluribus unum means
d.
绰号（
NICK NAME)
Uncle Sam is a national
personification(n.
化身
,
象征
) of the United States
(US), and sometimes
more
specifically(adv.
特定的
,
明确的
) of the American government,
with the first usage of the
term dating
from the War of 1812 and the first illustration
dating from 1852. He is often depicted
(v.
描述
) as a
serious elderly white man with white hair and a
goatee(n.
山羊胡子
), and dressed
in clothing that recalls the design
elements of flag of the United
States
—
for example,
typically a
top
hat
with
red
and
white
stripes
and
white
stars
on
a
blue
band,
and
red
and
white
striped
trousers.
美国的绰号叫
山姆大叔。
传说在英美战争期间，
美国商人山姆威尔逊在装供应
军队牛肉的桶
上写有
“U
.S.
，表示这是美国的财产。这恰与山姆大叔（
UNCLE SAM
）的首字母缩略相同。
于是人们便戏称带有
”
U.S.
标记的物资是山姆大叔的，而山姆大叔也就逐渐成为了美国的绰
号。
1961
年美国国会通过决议，正式承认
“
山姆大叔
”
代表美国
的形象。
e.
国歌（
NATIONAL
ANTHEM)
美国国歌《星条旗永不落》
（
曾译《星条旗》歌）诞生在巴尔底摩。
１９３１年，美国国会正式将《星条旗永不落》定为国歌
。
如今，巴尔的摩市的麦克亨利堡已
被辟为国家纪念地和历史圣地。１９８５年１１月７日，
巴尔的摩市与中国福建省厦门市
结为友好城市。
f.
首都（
CAPITAL)
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（
Washington
D.C,
其中
D.C
表示
District
of
Columbi
a
）
，是为了纪念乔
治华盛顿
(George Washington)
和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布<
/p>
(Christopher
Columbus)
而定名的。
g.
最大城市（
LARGEST
CITY)
New York City is the most
populous city in the United States, while the New
York metropolitan
area ranks among the
most populous urban areas in the world. A leading
global city, it exerts a
powerful
influence
over
worldwide
commerce,
finance,
culture,
fashion
and
entertainment.
As
host of United Nations headquarters,
New York is also an important center for
international affairs.
The Big Apple is
a nickname or moniker for New York City. It was
first popularized in the 1920s
by John
J. Fitz Gerald, a sports writer for the New York
Morning Telegraph. Its popularity since
the 1970s is due to a promotional
campaign by the New York Convention and Visitors
Bureau,
known now as NYC & Company.
h.
国庆日（
NATIONAL
DAY
）
7
月
4
日
17
76
年
7
月
4
日，美国独立
i.
国花（
NATIONAL
FLOWER)
象征美丽芬芳，热忱，和爱情的
玫瑰（
ROSE
）
今日题目：
1. The traditional dividing
line in America
between “east” and
“west” is the __1__.
2.
__2__ is the largest racial group in the whole
population of U.S. A.
3. Before 2000,
the largest minority group in the United States is
__3__.
4. __4__ has the world’s oldest
written constitution and political
par
ty.
5. As to roles of
American president, which is NOT precisely defined
in the U. S. Constitution?
__5__
A. He is the head of the state
B. He is the chief executive of the U.
S.
C. He is the commander in chief of
the armed forces
D. He is the head of
his political party
本期答案：
1. The traditional dividing line in
America between “east” and “west” is the
Mississippi River.(
密
西西比河也是美国
最长最为重要的河流，被美国人
“
众河之父
”Father of Waters)
2. Non-
Hispanic white is the largest racial group in the
whole population of U.S. A.
3. Before
2000, the largest minority group in the United
States is African Americans. 2000
年前美
国黑人是美国人数最多的少数民族，
2000
年后
Hispanics/Latinos
也就是拉丁裔的美国
人成为
美国人数最多的少数民族。
4. America has the world’s oldest
written consti
tution and political
party.
5. As to roles of American
president, which is NOT precisely defined in the
U. S. Constitution? D
A. He is the head
of the state
B. He is the chief
executive of the U. S.
C. He is the
commander in chief of the armed forces
D. He is the head of his political
party
人文知识部分
ABOUT
AMERICA
（四）
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