6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案

2014

年

6

月英语< /p>

四级仔细阅读

真题（第一套）及答案

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just

one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.

All

the

traditional

reasons

put

forward

to

interpret

the

pay

gap-that

women

fall

behind

when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many

management roles-failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And

because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these

women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.

But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that

no

matter

how

many

women

may

be

getting

college

degrees,

the

university

experience

is

still

an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus

on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus.

Now

that

women

are

the

majority

of

college

students

and

surpass

men

in

both

the

number

of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a

pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high

school,

they

start

to

trail

off

during

their

college

years.

They

enroll

in

different

kinds

of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (

非常严格的

) subjects, and generally head off

with less ambitious plans.

As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the

workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat

confused, still stumbling

(

栽倒

)

over the

dilemmas

their grandmothers' generation sought

to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (

性感的

) All their

lives,

today's

young

women

have

been

pushed

to

embrace

both

perfection

and

passion-to

pursue

science

and

sports,

math

and

theater-and

do

it

all

as

well

as

they possibly can.

No

wonder

they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are

too exhausted, and too scared of failing.

56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______.

A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses

B) they do not feel as fit for management roles

C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home

D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities

57. What does the author say about America's higher education system?

A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women.

B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.

C) It does not take care of women students' special needs.

D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.

58. What does the author say about today's college experience?

A) It is different for male and female students.

B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations.

C) It is more exhausting than most women expect.

D) It is not so satisfying to many American students.

59. What does the author say about women students in college?

A) They have no idea how to bring out their best.

B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.

C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.

D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school.

60. How

does the author explain the

pay gap between

men

and

women fresh from

college?

A) Women are too worn out to be ambitious.

B) Women are not ready to take management roles.

C) Women are caught between career and family.

D) Women are not good at negotiating salaries.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Heading leadership literature, you'd

sometimes

think that

everyone has the potential

to be an effective leader.

I

don't

believe

that

to

be

true.

In

fact,

I

see

way

fewer

truly

effective

leaders

than

I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously

misguided about their own abilities.

Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire

to (

追求

) leadership in the first place.

We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a

decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing

the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural

born leaders.

Truth

is,

they're

nothing

of

the

sort.

True

leaders

don't

assume

that

it's

their

divine

(

神圣的

)

right,

to

take

charge

every

time

two

or

more

people

get

together.

Quite

the

opposite.

A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when

their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.

Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant

motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can't

be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their

one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you

should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.

True

leaders understand the value of

action, of course,

but

it isn't

their only

tool.

In

fact,

it

isn't

even

their

primary

tool.

Great

leaders

see

more

than

everyone

else:

answers,

solutions,

patterns,

problems,

opportunities.

They

know

it's

vitally

important

to

do,

but

they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally

important.

If

you're

too

concerned

with

outcomes

to

the

extent

that

you

manipulate

and

intimidate

others

to

achieve

those

outcomes,

then

you

aren't

leading

at

all,

you're

dictating.

A

true

leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets

and achieve their goals.

注意：此部分试 题请在答题卡

2

上作答。

61. What does the author think of the leaders he knows?

A) Many of them are used to taking charge.

B) Few of them are equal to their positions.

C) Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.

D) Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.

62. Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?

A) They believe they have the natural gift to lead.

B) They believe in what leadership literature says.

C) They have proved competent in many situations.

D) They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.

63. What characterizes a great leader according to the author?

A) Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.

B) Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.

C) Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.

D) Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.

64. How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate

action?

A) They reassess the situation at hand.

B) They become impatient and rude.

C) They resort to any tool available.

D) They blame their team members.

65. What is the author's advice to leaders?

A) Concentrate on one specific task at a time.

B) Use different tools to achieve different, goals.

C) Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.

D) Show determination when faced with tough tasks.

第三套

Passage

One

Questions

56

to

60

are

based

on

the

following

passage

.

Hospitals,

hoping

to

curb

medical

error,

have

invested

heavily

to

put

computers,

smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access

to patient data, drug information and case studies.

But

like

many

cures,

this

solution

has

come

with

an

unintended

side

effect;

doctors

and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments

of

critical

care.

A

poll

showed

that

half

of

medical

technicians

had

admitted

texting

during a procedure.

This

phenomenon

has

set

off

an

intensifying

discussion

at

hospitals

and

medical

schools about a problem perhaps best described as

response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in

critical settings, while schools have started reminding medical students to focus

on patients instead of devices.

you can

surf the Internet or do Facebook,

and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,

本能的感觉

) is lives are in danger,

A

survey

of

439

medical

technicians

found

that

55

percent

of

technicians

who

monitor

bypass

machines

acknowledged

that

they

had

talked

on

cellphones

during

heart

surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded,

distractions have the potential to be disastrous.

Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and

multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs.

What has changed, say

doctors,

especially

younger

ones,

is

that

they

face

increasing

pressure

to

interact

with their devices.

The

pressure

stems

from

a

mantra(

信条

)

of

modem

medicine

that

patient

care

must

be

By many accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing

instant access to patient data or prescription details.

Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology

great

potential

in

health

care,

but

he

added

that

doctors'

first

priority

should be with the patient.

注意：

此部分试题 请在答题卡

2

上作答。

56.

Why

do

hospitals

equip

their

staff

with

computers,

smartphones

and

other

devices?

A) To reduce medical error.

B) To cope with emergencies.

C) To facilitate administration.

D) To simplify medical procedures.

57. What does the author refer to by

A) The disservice done by modem devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients.

B) The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modem devices.

C) The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.

D) The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.

does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?

A) Medical students are not adequately trained to use modem technology.

B) Doctors' interaction with their devices may endanger patients' lives.

C) octors are relying too heavily on modem electronic technology.

D) Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.

59. Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modem devices?

A) Patients trust doctors who use modem technology.

B) Use of modem devices adds to hospitals' revenues.

C) Data is given too much importance in patient care.

D) Patients' data has to be revised from time to time.

60. What is Peter Carmel's advice to doctors?

A) They follow closely the advances in medical science.

B) They focus their attention on the patient's condition.

C) They observe hospital rules and regulations.

D) They make the best use of modem devices.

Passage

Two

Questions

61

to

65

are

based

on

the

following

passage

.

I

have

closely

watched

my

generation,

known

as

The

Millennials,

for

29

years

now. Joel Stein wrote an extensive piece on Millennials and he remains rather

optimistic about our potential.

I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox (

矛盾的现象

) we seem

to exhibit,

namely, that there are

more avenues

for us to entertain ourselves than

ever before, yet we are more bored than ever before.

Entertainment has never been more varied. We have more cable channels, television

shows, and movies than ever before. Internet providers allow instant viewing of

almost any movie or television program ever created. Social drinking and partying

are also widely available for Millennials. Every generation develops these habits

at a certain age, but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of life as they

postpone marriage.

Some

of

this

is

undoubtedly

due

to

The

Great

Recession.

Millennials

are

having

a

difficult

time

finding

jobs;

only

47

percent

of

16-to-24-year-olds

are

employed,

the smallest share since government started recording data in 1948.

But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes

to make ends meet? Hardly. In fact, of the four generations Pew Research has data

for, the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic (

勤奋工作

) as distinctive

of itself. Millennials want to save the world, but they sit and wait for that

world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. Instead of working 2 -3 jobs,

launching

a

business,

or

doing

what

it

takes

to

succeed,

they

retreat.

Millennials

may be the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents,

but with this response to adversity (

逆境

), perhaps deservingly so.

Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out

of these youths in the workplace. Largely, they come to the same conclusion;

Millennials

are

entitled,

over-confident,

and

expect

too

much

too

quickly.

We

should

not

be

surprised.

Today's

young

adults

were

raised

by

parents

who

made

sure

to

boost

their

self-esteem

at

every

turn,

telling

them

they

could

achieve

whatever

they

set

their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place.

61. What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?

A) They show little interest in entertainment.

B) They are not confident about their ability.

C)They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.

D)They may not have bright prospects for success.