-
1)
先后次序关系:
at this
time
(这时候、此时)
; first; second;
at last; next;
previously
(以前)
;
s
imultaneously[saim
?
l'teini
p>
?
sli]
(同时)
;eventually
(最后)
;last but
not least
(最后但并不是最不重要的)
;
to begin
with
(首先、本来)
; to start with
=for a start
(首先)
; first of
all
(首先,第一)
;to
end with
(最后)
;
finally
(最后)
;
since then(
从那时以来
);
afterwards(
然后、后来
);
following
this
:
following
This Trend
顺应这种趋势;
By
Following This
Strategy
通过采用这种策略;只要遵循这项策略
following This
Pattern
下面这个模式;
Following This
Opinion
由此来看
following This
Way
沿着这条思路;
Following This
Thought
循此思路
following This
Commitment
根据这一承诺;
Following
This Example
下面这位比如
;
preceding
this
(在这之前)
.
2)
因果关系:
because;
because of this; being
that(
既然、因为、由于
); another
important factor
/
reason
of... since
(既然、因
为、由于、自…以来)
;
as
(因为、依照、当…时、随着、虽然)
; for; in
that... (
既然、因为、由于
); owing
to
(由于,因为…)
; due to; for the
reason that...; in view
of
(鉴于、考虑到)
; the reason seems
to be obvious; for
this reason; as a
result of this; therefore; ...and
so
(因此、
所以)
...; con
sequently
(所以、
因此、
结
果)
; as a result;
thus;
hence; so; so that...; in
consequence
(因此、结果)
; as a
consequence
(因此、结果)
; accordin
gly
(因此、
于是)
;
inevitably
(不可避免地、必然地)
; under
these conditions(
在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况
下
); thereupon
[,?ε?
p>
r
?
'p
?
n ]
于是
; seeing...
(因为;鉴于;由于)
;
3)
转折关系:
but; even
so
(虽然如此,即使如此)
; however;
though
(可是、虽然、然而、不过)
; even
though
(虽然、即
使)
;
independent of
(不管)
; despite
that
(尽管、
不管)
; in
spite of
that
(尽管、
不管)
;
regardless of
(不管)
;
yet...
(然而、但是)
;
and yet
(可是、然而)
; but
unless
(除非)
.
4)
并列关系:
and; also; too; as well as
(<
/p>
也;
和…一样;
不但…而且)
; either...
,
or...
(不是…就是…;
或者…或者…)
;
both...and...
5) (
补充
< br>)
递进关系:
further
more(
此外、而且
);
moreover(
此外、而且
);
further
(更远地;进一步地;而且)
;
In this
way
(这样)
;
still
(但是;仍然;尽管如此)
; not
only...but also...;
not that…but that…<
/p>
(不是
(
因为
)
…
而是
(
因为
)
…)
; in addition
(to)
(另外,此外(除
…
之外)<
/p>
)
;
additionally(
此外
), much more
interesting, more
specifically
(更具体地说)
,
next
(其次;然后)
,
besides
(而且;此外;除…之外)
; as far
as...
(至于,就…
而言)
;<
/p>
in other
words(
换句话说
); on the one
hand...
,
on the other
hand...(
一方面,另一方面
);
even
(甚至;即
使)
; as a
popular saying goes...(
常言说
); in order to do it...(
为了做这件事
);
meanwhile(
同时
); at the same
time;
accordingly(
因此,
于是
); In the first place...(
< br>首先
)
,
in the
second
place...(
其次、
第二
);
equally
important(
同样重
要
);
of even greater appeal(
更吸引
).
6)
比较关系:
similarly
(同样地)
;
in like
manner
(同样地)
;
in
comparison with
(与…比较)
;
when compared with
(当和
...
相比时)
;
compared with
(与
...
相比较)
; when in
fact...
(而实际上;但事实上)
;
like...
(如同)
;
likewise(
也;同样地
);
apart from (doing)...(
除…之外;且不说;
);
... rather than...(
而不是;宁可…也
不愿
)
;
by doing
so(
通过这样来做
);
both…and...;
in
the same way(
同样地;以同样的方式
);
not only...but
(also)
;
7)
对照
(
不同点
)
:
yet;
still
(但是;仍然;尽管如此)
;
notwithstanding(
尽管,虽然
);
rather(
宁可
);
neither ...
nor(
既不是…也不是…
);
although;
though;
but;
however;
conversely(
相反地
);
unlike(
和…不同,不像
);
opposed
to(
反对
);
as opposed
to(
与…截然相反
)
in contrast
(to)(
与此相反
);
on the
contrary
(正相反)
;
different from this;
nevertheless(
然而,不过
);
contrary to(
与…相反
);
whereas
[
hwε?
'?z]
(
反之;然而
);
while(
而
);
but on the other
hand(
但另一方面
).
8)
举例关系:
for
example;
for instance;
in this
case(
假若这样
);
namely(
也就是;换句话说
);
as you
know(
正如你知道的
);
as you may
say(
如你所说
);
like(
像;如同
); such
as(
比如;诸如
);
a case in point is...(
一个典型的例子
); in
particular(
尤其,特别
);
put it
simply(
简单地说
);
for
one thing...
首先,
for
another...
其次、第二
; as an
illustration(
作为一个例证
), I will
say...;
a good example (of...)would
be...;
It is interesting to note that...;
in this
situation(
在这种情况下
);
take
…
as
example(
以……为例
);
as for(
关于,至于
);
as
regards(
关于,至于
); as
to(
关于,至于
);
according to(
根据
);
on this
occasion(
场合
).
9)
强调关系:
in fact; especially; particularly;
moreover; naturally(
自然地
);
what is more important is t
hat
…
(
更重要的是
);
in
reality(
实际上;事实上
);
certainly(
当然
);
of course;
indeed(
的确
);
in
particular(
尤其,特别
);
not to mention...(
更不必说
);
believe it or
not(
信不信由你
);
undeniably(
不可否认地
);
other thing being
equal(
另一件是同等的
);
it is
certain
/
sure that...;
to
be true(
说实话
); by
definition(
明显地
);
definitely(
明
确
地
,
肯
定
地
);
undoubtedly(
无庸置疑地
);
without a
doubt(
无疑地
);
in truth(
事实上
);
in any
event(
不论怎样
);
without
reservation(
毫无保留地
);
obviously(
明显地
),
not only..
but(also...), both... and...
10)
条件关系:
if;
unless;
lest(
唯恐
);
provided
that(
倘若;假如
); if it is the
case(
如果是这样的情况
);
in this sense(
在
这一
点上,从这点来说
);
once...(
一旦
);
if
possible(
如果可能的话
);
if
necessary(
如果必要的话
);
if
so(
如果是这样的话
);
if
anything(
如果有什么区别的话
).
11)
归纳总结类:
in other
words(
也就是说
); on the
whole(
就全体而论
); in
sum(
总而言之
);
therefore;
hence;
in short(
总之;简言之
);
in
brief(
总之
);
to sum
up(
总之;概括地说
);
in
conclusion(
总之,综上所述
);
in
summary(
总之;概括起来
);
to
conclude(
最后
);
the
conclusion can be drawn that...
(
可以得出的结论
);
for this
reason(
为此
)
12)
地点关系:
beyond(
在
...
较远的一边
)
; opposite to(
在…对面
);
adjacent to(
接近
); at the same
place; there;
over(
从头到尾、在…之上
);
in
the
middle;
around(
在附近、在…周围
);
in
front
of;
in
the
distance(
在远处
);
p>
farther(
此外;更远地;更进一步地
); here and there(
各处,到处
);
above(
在……之上;在上面
);
below(
在下面;在…下面
p>
);at the right side(
在右边
);between(
在…之间;在中间
);on
this side(
在这边
).
13)
目的关系:
for this purpose; in order that; in
this way
;
since; so that; on
that account
(由于那个缘故)
;
in case
万一、假使;
with
a view to
(鉴于、由于
考虑到)
;
for the same
reason
。
14)
重申关系:
in other
words
(换句话说)
; that is to
say
(就是、即、换言之)
;
as
I have said
(就像我说过的)
;
< br>again
;
once
again
(再一次)
.
15)
结果关系:
accordingly
(因此、于是、相应地)
;
thus<
/p>
;
consequently
(所以、因此、结果)
;
hence
;
therefore
;
thereupon
(结果、因此)
;
inevitably
(必然地、不可避免地)<
/p>
;
under these
conditions
;
as a result
;
as a
consequence
(结果、因此)
;
because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...);
so as
to
(以便,为了)
.
16)
顺序关系:
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