-
基础写作指导
一、
写一个完整的句子。
这几句是正确的句子吗
?
如果你认为有误
,
该怎么改
?
meeting
will until 3:00.
hard, you will
succeed.
3.I have a brother, who is a
doctor.
4. There are only 4 students
take part in the class.
二、句子类型。
简单句
:
只包含一个主谓结构的句子
.
并列句
:
主谓结构
+
连词
(and, but, so,
or……
) +
主谓结构
(
或更多的主谓结构
)
复合句
:
引导词
+
主谓结构
,
主谓结构
(
从句
)
(
主句
)
三、五种基本的简单句。
1.
主语
+
不及物动词
Birds fly.
Buses run from
dawn till midnight.
We are studying
hard.
2.
主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
We have read many books.
They do shopping at the weekend.
We are learning English.
3.
主语
+
系动词
+
表语
We are students.
He became a
scientist.
That sounds good.
4.
主语
+
及物动词
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
He gave Tom a
present.
He offered me a job.
5.
主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
We made
him our monitor.
The manager thinks the
plan practical.
He will
have his bike repaired.
I won’t have
you speaking to your mother like that.
四、过渡词
（
1
）表并列关系的过渡词
:
and, also
，
as well, as well
as
，
or, too, not
only…but also, both … and, either … or,
neither…nor
（
2
）
表递进关系的过渡词
:
besides, in addition
（加之，
除
……
之外）
,
moreover(
此
外，而且
),
what’s more
，
what
’s worse
（
3
）表转折对比的过渡词：
< br>
but,
however,
yet,
instead,
on
the
other
hand,
on
the
contrary,
although,
different
from,
despite,
in
s
pite
of,
whereas,
unlike,
nevertheless,
not
only…but
also,
here…there, years ago…today, this…that,
the former…the latter, then…now, the first…
whereas the second, once…now, on the
one hand … on the other hand,
some…others
1
（
4
）表原因的过渡词
:
because, because of, since, as,
for, now that, thanks to, due
to
（由于）
（
5
）表结果的过渡词
:
so,
thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then,
thereby, hence, so…that, such…that
（
6
）表条
件的过渡词
:
if, unless, on
condition that, as/so long as
< br>（
7
）表时间的过渡词
:
when, while, after, before, until, as
soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately,
recently,
since, from then on,
eventually, in the meantime, then,
suddenly, at the same time,
next, early
this morning / year / century, after a while, in a
few days, now, presently,
finally, at
last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present,
immediately, the moment
（
8
）表示顺序的过渡词
first,
second, third, last
firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally
the first, the
second, the third, the last
to begin with, then,
furthermore, finally
to start with,
next, in addition,/besides, last but not least
on the one hand, on the
other hand
for
one thing, for another thing
（
9
）表换一种方式表达的过渡词
:
in other words, that is to
say, to put it another way
（
10
）表进行举例说明的过渡词
:
for instance, for example, like, such
as
（
11
）表陈述事实的过渡词
:
in
fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you
the truth
（
12
）表强调的过渡词
:
certainly,
indeed,
above
all,
surely,
most
important,
in
fact,
no
doubt,
without
any
doubt, truly, obviously
（
13
）表比较的过渡词：
like, unlike, in the same way,
similarly, similar to
（
14
）表目的的过渡词：
for this
reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so
as to
（
15
）表总结的过渡词
:
in
a
word(
总之，简言之
),
in
general,
in
short(
总之
),
above
all,
after
all,
generally
speaking, to sum up, finally, in
conclusion, at last, in summary
2.
文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、
合。
“
启
”
就是开头
, “
承
”
< br>是承接，
“
转
”
是转折，
“
合
”
是综合或总结。
（
1
）
用于
“
启
”
的过渡词语
用
于表示
“
启
”
的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落
或文章的开头：
first, first of all, at first, in the
first place, firstly, to being with, to start
with, recently,
now,
at
present,
in
recent
years,
in
general,
generally
speaking,
at
present,
lately,
currently,
It is
often said that…,
As the
proverb says…,
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