GRE阅读高效解题3条基本原则讲解分析

我们最终的目的，是为了提高对英

语的实际使用 能力。

提高

GRE

考试阅读时还需要注意的是看到英语句子时，正确的做法不应该是现场分析出其

余法结构，

再背出每个单词的中文释意，

再把这些中文单词串成句子，

最后才根据翻译出来

的中文来想 这句话的意思是什么，

而是读到每个单词、

每一句话的时候，< /p>

大脑中的第一反映

是其意思而不是中文释意。

以上就是

GRE

阅读高效解题基本原则的具体分析讲解，

希望能给大家带来一些参考和帮助。

GRE

阅读练习每日一篇

(This passage is excerpted from an article that was published in 1981.)

The deep sea typically has a sparse fauna dominated by tiny worms and crustaceans, with an

even sparser distribution of larger animals. However, near hydrothermal (hydrothermal: adj.

热水的

,

热液的

) vents, areas of the ocean where warm water emerges from subterranean

sources, live remarkable densities of huge clams, blind crabs, and fish.

Most

deep-sea

faunas

rely

for

food

on

particulate

matter

(particulate

matter:

颗粒物质

),

ultimately derived from photosynthesis, falling from above. The food supplies necessary to

sustain the large vent communities, however, must be many times the ordinary fallout. The

first

reports

describing

vent

faunas

proposed

two

possible

sources

of

nutrition:

bacterial

chemosynthesis, production of food by bacteria using energy derived from chemical changes,

and advection, the drifting of food materials from surrounding regions. Later, evidence in

support of the idea of intense local chemosynthesis was accumulated: hydrogen sulfide was

found in vent water; many vent-site bacteria were found to be capable of chemosynthesis;

and extremely large concentrations of bacteria were found in samples of vent water thought

to

be

pure.

This

final

observation

seemed

decisive.

If

such

astonishing

concentrations

of

bacteria were typical of vent outflow, then food within the vent would dwarf any contribution

from

advection.

Hence,

the

widely

quoted

conclusion

was

reached

that

bacterial

chemosynthesis

provides

the

foundation

for

hydrothermal-vent

food

chains

—

an

exciting

prospect because no other communities on Earth are independent of photosynthesis.

There are, however, certain difficulties with this interpretation. For example, some of the large

sedentary organisms associated with vents are also found at ordinary deep-sea temperatures

many

meters

from

the

nearest

hydrothermal

sources.

This

suggests

that

bacterial

chemosynthesis is not a sufficient source of nutrition for these creatures. Another difficulty is

that similarly dense populations of large deep-sea animals have been found in the proximity

of

“smokers”—vents

where

water

emerges

at

temperatures

up

to

350℃.

No

bacteria

can

survive such heat, and no bacteria were found there. Unless smokers are consistently located

near more hospitable warm-water vents, chemosynthesis can account for only a fraction of

the vent faunas. It is conceivable, however, that these large, sedentary organisms do in fact

feed on bacteria that grow in warm-water vents, rise in the vent water, and then rain in (rain

in:

涌进

,

纷纷而至

) peripheral areas to nourish animals living some distance from the warm-

water vents.

Nonetheless advection is a more likely alternative food source. Research has demonstrated

that

advective

flow,

which

originates

near

the

surface

of

the

ocean

where

suspended

particulate

matter

accumulates,

transports

some

of

that

matter

and

water

to

the

vents.

Estimates suggest that for every cubic meter of vent discharge, 350 milligrams of particulate

organic

material

would

be

advected

into

the

vent

area.

Thus,

for

an

average-sized

vent,

advection could provide more than 30 kilograms of potential food per day. In addition, it is

likely that small live animals in the advected water might be killed or stunned by thermal

and/or chemical shock, thereby contributing to the food supply of vents.

16. The passage provides information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) What causes warm-water vents to form?

(B) Do vent faunas consume more than do deep-sea faunas of similar size?

(C) Do bacteria live in the vent water of smokers?

(D) What role does hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulfide:

氢化硫

) play in chemosynthesis?

(E) What accounts for the locations of deep-sea smokers?

17. The information in the passage suggests that the majority of deep-sea faunas that live in

nonvent habitats have which of the following characteristics?

(A) They do not normally feed on particles of food in the water.

(B) They are smaller than many vent faunas.

(C) They are predators.

(D) They derive nutrition from a chemosynthetic food source.

(E) They congregate around a single main food source.

18. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) describe a previously unknown natural phenomenon

(B) reconstruct the evolution of a natural phenomenon

(C) establish unequivocally the accuracy of a hypothesis

(D) survey explanations for a natural phenomenon and determine which is best supported by

evidence

(E) entertain (to receive and take into consideration “refused to entertain our plea”)

criticism

of the author’s research and provide an effective response

19. Which of the following does the author cite as a weakness in the argument that bacterial

chemosynthesis provides the foundation for the food chains at deep-sea vents?

(A) Vents are colonized by some of the same animals found in other areas of the ocean floor.

(B) Vent water does not contain sufficient quantities of hydrogen sulfide.

(C) Bacteria cannot produce large quantities of food quickly enough.

(D) Large concentrations of minerals are found in vent water.

(E) Some bacteria found in the vents are incapable of chemosynthesis.

20. Which of the following is information supplied in the passage that would support the

statement that the food supplies necessary to sustain vent communities must be many times

that of ordinary fallout?

I. Large vent faunas move from vent to vent in search of food.

II. Vent faunas are not able to consume food produced by photosynthesis.