-
2017
年
5
月全国翻
译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-ChineseTranslation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
Improved human
well-being is the greatest triumph of modern era.
The age of plenty has
also led to an
unexpected global health crisis: two billion
people are either overweight
or obese.
Developed countries have been especially
susceptible to
unhealthy weight gain.
However, developing countries are now
facing a similar crisis. Obesity rates have peaked
in
high
income
countries
but
are
accelerating
elsewhere.
The
combined
findings
of
the
World
Health
Organisation
and
the
World
Bank
showed
that
in
2016
Asia
was
home
to
half
the
world
’
s
overweight children. One quarter were in Africa.
This crisis will test the political
resolve of governments that have focused on ending
hunger. These governments must
understand that the factors making cities
convenient and
productive
also
make
their
residents
prone
to
obesity.
Urbanites
enjoy
a
variety
of
culinary
options.
International
fast
food
chains
are
flourishing
in
developing
countries.
The
health
risks
of
such
diets
are
compounded
by
the
sedentary
lifestyles
of
urban
dwellers.
People
’
s
leisure
time
is
also
being
occupied
by
television,
movies
and
video
games
in
the
growing
number of households.
The
alarming
implication
of
these
trends
is
that
developing
countries
may
become
sick
before
they
get
rich.
That
sickness may, in
turn,
cripple health
systems. The
yearly health
care
costs
in
Southeast
Asia
of
obesity-related
complications
like
diabetes
and
cardiovascular
disease
are
already
as
high
as
US
$$10
billion.
Such
diseases
are
an
added
burden
on
countries
already struggling
to manage primary health care needs.
Policies related to taxation, urban
design, education and the promotion of food
systems
may
help
control
obesity
at
a
lower
cost
than
eventual
medical
treatment
for
an
increasingly
overweight
population. Some governments have already
experimented with direct
interventions
to
control
obesity,
such
as
taxation
on
unhealthy
foods
and
drinks.
Thailand,
Brunei,
and
Singapore have adopted
soda tax . South Africa is
likely
to introduce
a sugar
tax
beginning
in
April
2018.
The
city
of
Berkeley
in
California
recognises
that
taxes
alone
are
not
enough
to
address
obesity.
Proceeds
from
the
city
’
s
sugar
tax
are
used
to
support
child nutrition and community health
programmes. This underscores the importance of
education.
There
is
also
promise
in
many
initiatives.
Urban
design
holds
significant
power
to
reshape
lifestyle patterns and public health.
Improving the attractiveness of public space can
draw
residents
out
of their
cars
and living
rooms.
A
recent
study
of
urban neighbourhoods
in
Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living
in walkable neighbourhoods are
healthier than residents living in less
walkable neighourhoods in urban China. Finally,
healthier lifestyles begin in grocery
store aisles.
Governments
should
encourage
tighter
connections
between
agricultural
production
systems,
urban grocers and food vendors. Such
initiatives can also help urban residents better
understand the mechanics of food
sourcing. This raises awareness about the
relationship
between
natural
foods and healthy lifestyles. Combining controls
on unhealthy foods with
policies
that
incentivise
healthy
eating
and
active
lifestyles
is
important
for
developing
countries from
both an economic and social point of view. To
quote the recent Global
Nutrition
Report,
“
Reducing obesity
will boost global
development.
”
Section 2: Chinese-EnglishTranslation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into English.
煤炭是地球上储量最丰富的能源，
但目前反对使用煤炭的声浪日益高涨。煤炭巨大的碳排放量引起
气候
变化，从而引起公众的担忧，煤炭与其他能源相比竞争力下降。
以美国为例，
页岩油气的出现造成部分煤炭因价格过高而被排挤出市场。
美国去年煤炭需求接近
9.2
亿吨，由于天然气价格
下跌，今年煤炭需求将减少
6000
万吨到
8000
万吨。
数据显示，煤炭
满足了全球约
30%
的能源需求，供应了
40%
的电力。在人口第一和第二大国的中国
和印度，煤炭所
满足的能源需求比例高达
70%
左右。
中国的煤炭消费量在去年已经下降，
煤炭进口下滑了
11%
，
这是
10
年来的首次下降。
中国的经济增
速已经放缓，
同时也做出极大努力减少煤炭的使用以减少污染。由于燃煤发电厂没有满负荷运行，
再加
上煤炭供应充足，造成国际煤炭价格被压低。煤出口价格从去年的峰值下跌了约
60%<
/p>
。
2016
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试
卷
Section 1: English-Chinese
Translation (50 points)
Translate the
following passage into Chinese.
Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as
stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of
“
To Kill a
Mockingbird.
”
“
It was like being hit over
the head and knocked cold,
”
Lee
—
who died Friday at age
89
，
said
during
a
1964
interview.
“
I
didn
’
t expect
the book
to
sell
in the first
place.
I
was
hoping
for
a
quick and
merciful
death at the
hands
of
reviewers
but
at
the
same time
I sort of hoped that maybe someone
would like it enough to give me
encouragement.
”
“
To Kill a
Mockingbird
”
may not be the
Great American Novel. But
it
’
s likely the most
universally known work of fiction by an
American author over the past 70 years, Lee was
cited for her subtle, graceful style
and gift for explaining the world through a
child
’
s
eye,
but
the
secret
to
the
novel
’
s
ongoing
appeal
was
also
in
how
many
books
this
single
book
contained.
“
To
Kill
a
Mockingbird
”
was
a
coming-of-age
story,
a
courtroom
thriller,
a
Southern
novel,
a period piece, a drama about class,
and
—
of course
—
a drama of
race.
”
All I want to
be
is
the
Jane
Austen
of
South
Alabama,
”
she
once
story
of
Lee
is
essentially
the
story
of
her
book,
and
how
she
responded
to
it.
She
was
a
warm,
vibrant
and
witty
woman
who played
golf, fished, ate
at McDonald
’
s, fed ducks by
tossing seed corn out of a Cool
Whip
tub, read voraciously, and got about to plays and
concerts. She just didn
’
t
want
to talk about it before an
audience.
“
To
Kill
a
Mockingbird
”
was
an instant and ongoing
hit,
published
in
1960,
as
the
civil
rights movement was
accelerating. It
’
s the story
of a girl nicknamed Scout growing up
in
a
Depression-era
Southern town. A black
man
has been
wrongly accused
of raping
a white
woman,
and
Scout
’
s
father,
the
resolute
lawyer,
defends
him
despite
threats
and
the
scorn
of d by The New Yorker as
“
skilled, unpretentious, and
totally ingenious,
”
the book won the Pulitzer Prize and was
made into a memorable movie in 1962.
“<
/p>
Mockingbird
”
inspired a generation of young lawyers and social
workers, was assigned
in
high
schools
all
over
the
country
and
was
a
popular
choice
for
citywide,
or
nationwide,
reading
programs, although it was also occasionally
removed from shelves for its racial
content and references to 2015, sales
topped 40 million copies.
When the
Library of Congress did a survey in 1991 on books
that have affected people
’
s
lives,
“
To Kill a
Mockingbird
”
was second only
to the herself became more
elusive to
the public as her book became more famous. At
first, she dutifully promoted
her work.
She spoke frequently to the press, wrote about
herself and gave speeches, once
to a
class of cadets at West she began declining
interviews in the mid-1960s
and, until
late in her life, firmly avoided making any public
comment about her novel or
her career.
Her novel, while hugely popular, was
not ranked by many scholars in the same category
as
the
work
of
other
Southern
authors
Decades
after
its
publication,
little
was
written
about
it
in
scholarly
journals.
Some
critics
have
called
the
book
naive
and
sentimental,
whether
dismissing the Ku Klux Klan as a minor
nuisance or advocating change through personal
persuasion rather than collective
action.
Section 2: Chinese-English
Translation (50 points)
Translate the
following passage into English.
本公司是中国保利集团控股的大型国有房地产上市公司，国家一级房地产开发资质企业，连续五年
荣膺中国房地产行业领导公司品牌。
2006
年
7
月，公司股票在上海证券交易所上市，截止至
2014
年底，公司总资产突破
3600
亿元，实现签约金额
1366.76
亿元。
本公司成立于
1992
年，
经过十年扎实发展，
2002
年成功完成股份制改造，
遂开始实施全国化战略，
加强专业化运
作，连续实现跨越式发展。目前，公司已完成以广州、北京、上海为中心，覆盖
57
个城市的全国化战略布局，
拥有
292
家控股子公司，
业务拓展到房地产开发、
建
筑设计、
工程施工、
物业管理、销售代理以及商业会展、酒店经
营等相关行业。
本公司坚持以以四大产品为主，适度发展持有
经营性物业。在住宅开发方面，逐渐形成了四大产品
系列，多元化优质住宅物业的先进创
新格局，覆盖中高端住宅、公寓、别墅多种物业形态。商业物
业囊括商业写字楼、高端休
闲地产、星级酒店、商贸会展、购物中心、城市综合体等，具备多品类
物业综合开发的实
力。
2016
年
5
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
Old
people
in
Thiengoly
say
they
can
remember
when
there
were
so
many
trees
that
you
couldn
’
t
see
the
sky.
Now,
miles
of
reddish-brown
sand
surround
this
village
in
northwestern
Senegal,
dotted
with
occasional
bushes
and
trees.
Dried
animal
dung
is
scattered
everywhere,
but
hardly
any
dried grass is.
Overgrazing
and
climate
change
are
the
major
causes
of
the
Sahara
’
s
advance,
said
Gilles
Boetsch, an
anthropologist who directs a team of French
scientists working with Senegalese
researchers
in
the
region.
“
The
local
Peul
people
are
herders,
often
nomadic.
But
the
pressure
of
the
herds
on
the
land
has
become
too
great,
”
Mr.
Boetsch
said
in
an
interview.
“
The
vegetation
can
’
t regenerate
itself.
”
Since
2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back
against the encroaching desert. Each
year
it
has
planted
some
two
million
seedling
trees
along
a
545-kilometer,
or
340-mile,
ribbon
of
land
that
is
the
country
’
s
segment
of
a
major
pan-African
regeneration
project,
the
Great
Green
proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10
other Saharan states in
an
alliance
to
plant
a
15
kilometer-
wide,
7,100-kilometer-long
green
belt
to
fend
off
the
desert.
While many countries
have still to start on their sections of the
barrier, Senegal has taken
the lead,
with the creation of a National Agency for the
Great Green Wall.
“
This
semi-arid region is becoming less and less
habitable. We want to make it possible
for people to continue to live
here,
”
Col. Pap Sarr, the
agency
’
s technical director,
said
in
an
interview
here.
Colonel
Sarr
has
forged
working
alliances
between
Senegalese
researchers
and the French team headed by Mr.
Boetsch, in
fields as varied as soil
microbiology, ecology,
medicine and
anthropology.
“
In Senegal we
hope to experiment with different ways of doing
things that will benefit the other
countries as they become more
active,
”
the colonel said.
Each year since 2008, from May to June,
about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries,
choosing and overseeing germination of
seeds and tending the seedlings until they are
ready
for planting. In August, 1,000
people are mobilized to plant out rows of
seedlings, about 2
million plants,
allowing them a full two months of the rainy
season to take root before the
long,
dry season sets in.
After their first
dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs
sticking out of holes
in the ground,
but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees
planted in 2008 are up to three
meters,
or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or
about 75,000 acres, have been planted,
including 4,000 hectares this summer.
There
are
already
discernible
impacts
on
the
microclimate,
said
Jean-Luc
Peiry,
a
physical
geography
professor
at
the
Universit
é
Blaise
Pascal
in
Clermont-Ferrand,
France,
who
has
placed
30
sensors
to
record
temperatures
in
some
planted <
/p>
parcels.
“
Prelimina
ry
results
show
that
clumps
of
four to eight small trees can have an important
impact on temperature,
”
Professor Peiry
said in an interview.
“
The transpiration of the
trees creates a microclimate that moderates
daily
temperature
extremes.
”
“
The
trees
also
have
an
important
role
in
slowing
the
soil
erosion
caused by the wind,
reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough
doormat, halting the
sand-laden
winds
from
the
Sahara,
”
he
added.
Wildlife
is
responding
to
the
changes.
“
Migratory
birds
are reappearing,
”
Mr.
Boetsch said.
The
project
uses
eight
groundwater
pumping
stations
built
in
1954,
before
Senegal
achieved
its
independence
from
France
in
1960.
The
pumps
fill
giant
basins
that
provide
water
for
animals,
tree nurseries and
gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.
Section 2: Chinese-English
Translation (50 points)
Translate the
following passage into English.
健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的理想，是人类社会的共
同追求。在中国这个有着
13
亿多人口的发
展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问
题。
中国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。
宪法规定，
国家发展医疗卫生事业，
发展现代医药和传统医药，
保
护人民健康。
多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，
中西医并重，依靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，
为人民健康服务，为社会主义现代化建
设服务”的卫生工作方针，努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生事
业。经过不懈努力，覆盖
城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人
口逐步扩大
，卫生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。
随着中国
工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威
胁，公众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特别是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡
的矛盾依然存在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务十分艰巨。
答案
司恩
高利村的老人们常说，他们记得曾经该村周边树木多得遮天蔽日。如今，司恩高利这个塞内加
尔西北小村已被绵延数英里的红棕色沙子包围，沙子上零星散布着灌木丛和树丛。干结的动物粪便到处
都是，但干枯的草却很难到处可见。过度放牧和气候变化是导致撒哈拉沙漠扩张的主要原因，人
类学家
吉勒思·波特舍这样说道，他带领的一队法国科学家正和塞内加尔研究员一道在此
开展研究工作。
“当
地的颇耳族人以放牧为生，
且常常是流动放牧。
但是畜群对草地带来的压力太大以致于植被无法复生，
”
波特舍先生在一次采访中说道。
不过，<
/p>
塞内加尔自
2008
年起就一直抗击
不断扩张的沙漠的侵袭。
每年，
该国将约
200
万株树苗沿
545
千米
（约
340
< br>英里）
长的狭长地带栽种，
这块狭长地带是
“绿色长城”
这一泛非洲植被再生工程在塞内加尔境内的部分。
“绿色长城”这一工程在
2005
年被提出，它将塞内
加尔和其他
10
个地处撒哈拉的国家联接成同盟来通过植树创建一个
15
千米宽、
7100
千米长的绿化
带，以此阻挡沙漠的扩张。随着主管其境内的“绿色长城”工程的一个国家级机构的成立，塞
内加尔在
植树治沙方面已经走在了前列，而许多国家甚至都还没有着手建设它们境内的绿
化带屏障。
“这个半干
燥地区正变得越来越不适宜居住。我们想
让人们还能够继续在此居住，
”帕萨上校在一次采访中说道，
他
是这个新成立的机构的技术主任。
萨上校已促成塞内加尔研究人员和波特舍领导的法国科
学家团队在
土壤微生物学、
生态学、
药
学和人类学方面组成研究联盟。
萨上校说：
“随着其他国家变得
更积极起来，
我们希望塞内加尔尝试的不同治沙方式能让这些国家受益”
。
自
2008
年起，
每年
4
月到
6
月，
约
400
名工人会受雇于
8
个苗圃室，他们
要挑选种子、照看种子的发芽，然后修剪幼苗直到这些幼苗能用于
载种。到了
8
月，
1000
多人将被调动来栽种一排排树苗，约
200
万株，这就使得这些树苗在漫长而
干燥的旱季到来前能有足足两个月的雨季来扎
根。在经历了第一个旱季之后，这些小树苗看上去都枯死
了，只剩棕色的枝条从地上的洞
中凸出来，但
80%
的树苗都会存活。
6
年之后，这些
2008
年栽下的
树苗已经长到了
3
米之高（约
10
英寸）
。迄今已有
30000
公顷，约
75000
英亩的地带已经栽上了树
木，其中
4000
亩是今年夏天栽种的。
“植树对微气候的影响已经显
现，
”法国克莱蒙费朗市布莱斯?帕
斯卡大学物理地理学教授让
·吕克·派瑞说道，他在一些已经栽种了树木的地带放置了
30
个传感器来
记录温度变化。
“初步的结果显示
4
至
8
棵树组成的
树丛能对温度产生重要影响，
”派瑞教授在一次采
访中说道。<
/p>
“树木体表的水分蒸发能创造一个微气候，这个微气候能降低每日温度的上限。
”
“同时，这
些树木在减轻大风造成的土壤流失、
减少沙尘以及起到粗糙的地垫作用方面功不可没，从而阻断从撒哈
拉刮来的满是沙子的大
风”他补充说道。野生动物因这些变化而改变了行为。波特舍先生说：
“迁徙的
鸟类重现此地。
”该工程所用的
8
个地下水泵站建于
1954
年，即在塞内加尔
1960
年脱离
法国统治取
得独立之前。这些水泵抽取地下水灌满巨型蓄水盆，而这些蓄水盆为动物、苗
圃室和种植有果树的花园
供水。
大师兄翻硕译文一：
Good
health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round
development of the it
is
a
common
pursuit
of
human
societies
toimprove
people's
healthand
ensuretheirright
to
medical
China, alarge developing country, medical and
healthcare is of vital importance to
its
population
of
over
1.3
billion,
and
is
a
major
issue
concerningits
people'swellbeing.
China
pays great attention to protecting and
improving its people's health. As the Constitution
stipulates,
traditional
Chinese medicine..., allfortheprotectionof
thepeople's health.
China
has
worked
hard
to
develop
its
medical
and
health
services
with
Chinese
characteristics
in
accordance with the policy of
prevention first, supporting both
traditional Chinese medicine and
Western
medicine, relying
on
science,
technology
and
education,
and
mobilizing
the
whole
of
society
to
join
the
efforts,
improving the people's health and
serving socialist modernization.
efforts
that have been made, medical and healthcare
systems covering both urban and rural
residents have taken shape, the
capabilities of disease prevention and control
have been
enhanced, the coverage of
medical insurance has expanded, continuous
progress has been made
inmedical
science andtechnology,andthepeople's healthhas
beenremarkablyimproved. With the
quickened
pace
of
the
country's
industrialization
and
urbanization,
as
well
as
its
increasingly
aging
population, the Chinese people are facing the dual
health threats of infectious and
chronic diseases, and the public needs
better medical and health services. In the
meantime,
problems
still
exist
regarding
China's
health
resources,
especially
the
shortage
of
high-quality resources and the
unbalanced distribution of those resources. China
has arduous
tasksaheadforreformingandde
velopingitsmedical andhealthservices.
大师兄翻硕版译文二：
Good
health is a prerequisite for the all-round
development of a improve
people
’
s
health
and
ensure
their
access
to
health
care
is
a
goal
being
pursued
by
all
societies.
Health
care,
which
has
a
direct
bearing
on
people
’
shealth, <
/p>
isarealpublicconcerninChina,alargedevelo
ping
countrywith
apopulation
of1.3billion.
China
attaches great importance/pays much
attention to protecting and improving
people
’
s health.
For
example,
it
has
been
enshrined
in/written
into
the
constitution
that
for
the
sake
of
people
’
s
health,
the
state
has
an
obligation
todevelop
thehealthcaresyste
mandpromotemodernmedicineandtraditionalChinese
medicine. Over the years,
China
has
been
working
hard
to
build
a
health
care
system
with
Chinese
characteristics,
sticking
to the principles
of
“
health service in rural
areas being the centerpiece/key part of its
effort; disease prevention being
putting first; traditional Chinese medicine and
Western
medicine being equally
emphasized; science, technology and education
being the ways by which
the
system
is
created;
all
members
of
the
society
being
encouraged
to
contribute
to
the
system;
the system being for
the health of the public and
China
’
s socialist
modernization
”
. After
years of relentless efforts, China has
basically built a health care system covering both
ruraland urbanresidents andhas
constantly improved its ability toprevent
andcurediseases
aswell asits medical
technologies, with medical
insurance
covering
an
ever-increasing
number
of
people
and
people
’
s
health
being
markedlyimproved.
Withthe
paceof
China'sindustrialization
andurbanization
acceleratingand
thepopulationbeing
increasingly
aging,
the
Chinese
people
are
confronted with the dual threat posed
by infectious diseases and chronic diseases, for
which
there
’
s
a
great
demand
for
health
care
service
among
the
public.
In
the
meantime,
the
problems
of the lack of
medical resources, high-quality ones in particular
and the distribution of
medical
resources
being
uneven
still
persist,which
meansthatChinahas
adauntingtaskof
reforming
andimprovingitshealthcaresystem.
2015
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
The
Republic
of
Ireland
is
a
sovereign
state
in
Western
Europe,
occupying
about
five-sixths
of the island of Ireland. The capital
and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan
area is
home to around a third of the
country
’
s 4.6 million
inhabitants. The state shares its only
land border with Northern Ireland. It
is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an
elected
president serving as head of
state. The head of government is nominated by the
lower house
of parliament.
Following the Irish War of Independence
and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland
gained independence from the United
Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland
received
official British recognition
of full legislative independence in the Statute of
Westminster
of
1931.
A
new
constitution
was
adopted
in
1937,
by
which
the
name
of
the
state
became
“
Ireland.
”
In 1949, Ireland was declared a
republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.
Ireland ranks among the wealthiest
countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita.
In
1973, Ireland enacted a series of
liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid
economic
growth,
coupled
with
a
dramatic
rise
in
inequality.
The
country
achieved
considerable
prosperity
from
1995
to
2007.
This
was
halted
by
an
unprecedented
financial
crisis
that
began
in 2008, in conjunction with the
concurrent global economic crash.
In
2011 and 2013 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-
most developed country in the world
by
the United Nations Human Development Index. It
also performs well in several metrics of
national performance, including freedom
of the press, economic freedom and civil
liberties.
It pursues a policy of
neutrality through non-alignment.
The
population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011,
an increase of 8.2 percent since
2006.
As
of
2011,
Ireland
had
the
highest
birth
rate
in
the
European
Union
(16
births
per
1,000
of population). In
2012, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried
women. Annual population
growth
rates
exceeded
2
percent
during
the
2002-2006
period,
which
was
attributed
to
high
rates
of
natural
increase
and
immigration.
This
rate
declined
somewhat
during
the
subsequent
2006-2011 period,
with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.
Ireland ranks fifth
in the
world in
terms of gender equality. In
2011, Ireland was
ranked
the
most
charitable
country
in
Europe,
and
second
most
charitable
in
the
world.
Contraception
was controlled in Ireland until 1979,
however, the receding influence of the Catholic
Church
has
led
to
an
increasingly
secularized
society
.
In
1983,
the
Eighth
Amendment
recognized
“
the
right
to
life
of
the
unborn
”
,
subject
to
qualifications
concerning
the
“
equal
right
to
life
”
of the mother. The passage of the
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees
the right
to
have
an
abortion
performed
abroad,
and
the
right
to
learn
about
“
services
”
that
are
illegal
in
Ireland,
but
legal
abroad.
The
prohibition
on
divorce
in
the
1937
Constitution
was
repealed
in
1995
under
the
Fifteenth
Amendment.
Divorce
rates
in
Ireland
are
very
low
compared
to
European
Union
averages
while
the
marriage
rate
in
Ireland
is
slightly
above
the
European
Union
average.
Capital punishment is constitutionally
banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on
age, gender, sexual orientation,
marital or familial status, religion and race is
illegal.
Ireland
became
the
first
country
in
the
world
to
introduce
an
environmental
levy
for
plastic
shopping bags in 2002 and a public
smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland is
carried out
extensively and Ireland has
the second highest rate of packaging recycling in
the European
Union.
Section 2:
Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into
English.
不冲突不对抗
，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有研究显示，历史上大约有过
15
次新兴大
国的崛起，其中有
11
次与既有大
国之间发生了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间
乃至全球各国之间已是日
趋紧密的利益共同体，
对抗将是双输，
战争没有出路。
不冲突、
不对抗的宣示，
就是要顺应全球化潮流
，改变对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关系前
景的正面
信心。
相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。世界
是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不同、历
史文化背景各异，同时又利益相互交织的大国
，相互尊重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互尊重对方人民
选择的制度与道路，相互尊重彼
此的核心利益与关切，才能求同存异，进而聚同化异，实现两国的和谐
相处。
合作共赢，是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。中美双方在双边关系各
领域都有着广泛合作需求
和巨大合作潜力。此外，作为两个大国，环顾当今世界，从反恐
到网络安全，从核不扩散到气候变化，
从中东和平到非洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共
同参与、合作和贡献。
答案
爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权
国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的首都和最大城
市是都柏林，该国
460
万人口中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。唯一与爱尔兰在
陆地上接壤的是英国
的北爱尔兰。爱尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，
由选举产生。爱尔兰总理由议会下
议院选出。在爱尔兰独立战争和随后签署的《英爱条约
》之后，爱尔兰于
1922
年脱离联合王国获得独
立。
独立之初的爱尔兰只是一块
（仍受英国控制
的）
自治领，
在
1931
英国议会通过
《威斯敏斯特条例》
后，爱尔兰才
获得英国对其立法独立的正式承认。
1937
年爱尔兰实施
了一部新宪法，这部宪法规定该
国的名称为“爱尔兰”
。在
1949
年，
《爱尔兰共和国法案
1948<
/p>
》获得通过，爱尔兰宣布成为一个共和
国。
以人均
GDP
计算，
爱尔兰位居
世界最富裕国家行列。
1973
年，
爱尔兰通过了一系列自由经济政策，
这促进了经济的快速增长，同时社会不平等问题加剧
。
1995
年到
2007
年，该国经济欣欣向荣。但其
经济良好态势被
2008
年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断，与此同时全球经济也遭受重挫。在
2011
年和
2013
年的《联合国人类发展指数报告》中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第七位。并且该国在国家发展
的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。该国奉行不结盟的中立
外交
政策。
2011
年，爱尔兰人口为
4588252
人，自
2006
年来增加了
8.2%
。截止
2011
年，爱尔
兰的出
生率为欧盟最高（每千人每年出生
16
名婴儿）
。
2012
年，爱尔兰
35.1%
的新生儿为未婚女性所生。在
2002
年到
2006
年这个阶段，爱尔兰每年人口增长率超过
2%
，这归功于较高速度的自然人口增长和移
民。这个增长率在随后的
2006
年到
2011
年这个阶段稍微下降，此阶段的人口年增长率为
1.6%
。在
性别平等方面，爱尔兰排名世界第五。在
2011
年，爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名，世界最慈善
< br>国家第二名。在
1979
年以前，避孕措施在爱尔兰
是受到管制的，但罗马天主教影响力的消退导致了爱
尔兰社会越来越世俗化。
1983
年，第八修正案承认了“未出生的婴儿的生命权”
，其所具有的生命权资
格与其妈妈的生命权资格是平等的。
< br>第十三和第十四修正案的通过确保了女性有在国外堕胎的权利以及
学习“堕胎服务
”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰是违法的，但在国外是合法的。
1937
年宪法禁止离婚的
规定在
1995
年通过的第十五修正案中被废止了。与欧盟平均水平相比，爱尔兰的离婚率十分的低，而
爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑，同时规定基于年龄、性
别、性取向、
婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族方面的歧视是违法的。爱尔兰在
2002
年开始对塑料购物袋开征环境税，
2004
< br>年开始在公共场所禁烟，而这些举措在世界上均属首创。资源循环利用在爱尔兰开展的很广泛，
< p>爱尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位居第二。
“
No conflict or
confrontation
”
is the
prerequisite for the new model of major-country
relations between us. According to some
study of history, there have been about 15 cases
of
rise of emerging powers. In 11
cases, confrontation and war broke out between the
emerging
and the established powers.
However, we now live in a different world. China
and the United
States and in fact all
countries in the world are part of a community of
shared interests.
Countries are
increasingly interconnected. Neither of us will
benefit from confrontation.
Warwill
get
us
nowhere.
“
No
conflict
or
confrontation
”
means
that
we
need
to
follow
the
trend
of
globalization,
reverse
negative
projections
of
China-US
relations,
address
strategic
distrust
and
build
confidence
in
the
future
of
China-
USrelations.
“
Mutual
respect
”
is
a
basic
principle
for this new model. We live in a world of rich
diversity. For China and the United
States, two major countries different
in social system, history and culture yet
connected by
intertwined
interests,
mutual
respect
is
all
the
more
important.
Only
by
respecting
each
other
’
s
system
and
path
chosen
by
their
people,
as
well
as
each
other
’
s
core
interests
and
concerns
can
we
seek
common
ground
while
reserving
differences
and,
on
that
basis,
expand
common
ground
and
dissolve
differences
so
that
China
and
the
United
States
will
beabletolivetogetherinharmony.
“
Win-win
cooperation
”
is
the
only
way
to
turn
the
vision
into
a
reality.
There
is
an
enormous
need
and vast potential for bilateral cooperation in
allfields. Besides, the world certainly
needs Chinaand theUnited States, two
major countries with great influence, to work
together
and contribute on issues
ranging from counter terrorism to cyber security,
from nuclear
non-proliferation
to
climate
change,
and
from
peace
in
the
Middle
East
to
Africa
’
s
development.
Win-win
progress is only possible when both countries are
committed to growing cooperation.
Moreover, such win-win outcome should
not just be beneficial to China and the United
States,
it should also be beneficial
toallcountriesintheworld.
2015
年
5
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
For
generations,
coal
has
been
the
lifeblood
of
this
mineral-rich
stretch
of
eastern
Utah.
Mining families proudly recall all the
years they toiled underground. Supply companies
line
the town streets. Above the road
that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner
peers out
from a billboard with the
slogan
“
Coal =
Jobs.
”
But
recently,
fear
has
settled
in.
The
state
’
s
oldest
coal-fired
power
plant,
tucked
among
the
canyons
near
town,
is
set
to
close,
a
result
of
new,
stricter
federal
pollution
regulations.
As
energy
companies
tack
away
from
coal,
toward
cleaner,
cheaper
natural
gas,
people
here
have grown increasingly afraid that
their community may soon slip away. Dozens of
workers at
the facility here, the
Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must
retire early or seek
other jobs. Local
trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to
take business elsewhere.
“
There
are
a
lot
of
people
worried,
”
said
Kyle
Davis,
who
has
been
employed
at
the
plant
since he was 18. Mr. Davis, 56, worked
his way up from sweeping floors to managing
operations
at the plant, whose furnaces
have been burning since 1954.
“
I would have liked to be
here
for another five
years,
”
he said.
“
I
’
m
too young to retire.
”
But
Rocky
Mountain
Power,
the
utility
that
operates
the
plant,
has
determined
that
it
would
be
too
expensive
to
retrofit
the
aging
plant
to
meet
new
federal
standards
on
mercury
emissions.
The plant is scheduled to be shut by
April 2015.
“
We had been
working for the better part
of three
years, testing compliance
strategies,
”
said David
Eskelsen, a spokesman for the
utility.
“
None of the ones we
investigated really would produce the results that
would meet
the
requirements.
”
For
the
last
several
years,
coal
plants
have
been
shutting
down
across
the
country,
driven
by tougher environmental regulations,
flattening electricity demand and a move by
utilities
toward
natural
gas.
This
month,
the
board
of
directors
of
the
Tennessee
Valley
Authority,
the
country
’
s largest
public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-
powered plants in Alabama
and
Kentucky
and
partly
replace
them
with
gas-
fired
power.
Since
2010,
more
than
150
coal
plants
have been closed or scheduled for
retirement.
The
Environmental
Protection
Agency
estimates
that
the
stricter
emissions
regulations
for
the
plants
will
result
in
billions
of
dollars
in
related
health
savings,
and
will
have
a
sweeping
impact on air quality. In recent weeks,
the agency held 11
“
listening
sessions
”
around the
country in advance of proposing
additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.
“
Coal plants are the single
largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in
the United
States,
and
we
have
ready
alternatives
like
wind
and
solar
to
replace
them,
”
said
Bruce
Nilles,
director of the Sierra
Club
’
s Beyond Coal campaign,
which wants to shut all of the
nation
’
s coal plants.
For
many
here,
coal
jobs
are
all
they
know.
The
industry
united
the
area
during
hard
times,
too, especially
during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007
mining accident some 35
miles
down
the
highway.
Virtually
everyone
around
Price
knew
the
men,
six
of
whom
remain
entombed
in
the
mountainside.
But
there
is
quiet
acknowledgment
that
Carbon
County
will
have
to
change
—
if not
now, soon.
Pete Palacios, who worked in
the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and
fade here.
Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy
as he recalled his first mining job. He was 12,
and earned $$1
a
day.
“
I
’
m
retired,
so
I
’
ll
be
fine.
But
these
young
guys?
”
Pete
Palacios
said,
his
voice
trailing off.
Section 2: Chinese-English
Translation (50 points)
Translate the
following passage into English.
天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，
素有“黔东第一关”
、
“中国重晶石之
乡”
、
“贵州高原黄金城”之称。
天柱县总面积
2201
平方公里，辖
16
个乡镇，
326
个行政村，总人口
41
万余人，以
侗、苗族为
主的少数民族人口占
98.3%
。是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。
天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基地，享有“黔东粮仓
”
的美誉。当地年产烟叶
2.6
万担（一担
=50
公斤）
，是中国烟叶主产区。这里林业资源丰富，森林面积
达
185
万亩（一亩
=1/15
公顷）
，覆盖率达
56%
，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。重晶石、黄金、煤等矿
产资源也十分丰富。
天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展
，综合实力日益增长，人民生活水平
在不断提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，基础设施建设
得以加强，城镇面貌日新月异。
“生态环境优美，
文化教育优越
，综合服务优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力”的新天柱呈现在世人面前。
卡本县位于犹他州东部矿产丰富的地区，煤炭世代都是其生命线。每每回忆起在地下挖煤的艰
苦岁
月时，矿工家庭都觉得无比自豪。小镇街上的煤炭供应公司一家挨着一家。在蜿蜒通
向矿区的道路上有
一块广告牌，
上面写着
“煤炭等于工作”
的标语，
广告牌上一位满脸煤灰的矿工目光
向外凝视。
但最近，
恐慌情况蔓延。卡本电厂是犹他州历史最悠
久的煤电厂，它坐落于小镇附近的峡谷之中，不过由于更为
严格的联邦政府污染防治新法
规的出台，它就被关闭。随着能源公司都摒弃煤炭转而使用更加清洁和更
加廉价的天然气
，这里的人越来越担心他们的家园将很快就会消失掉。数十位在卡本电厂工作的员工已
经
得知，他们必须提前退休或者另谋职业。自
18
岁起就一直
在这家电厂工作凯尔·戴维斯说：
“许多
人现在都忧心忡忡。<
/p>
”现年
56
岁的戴维斯先生在该公司
从清扫工人一路做到管理岗位，而这家电厂的
燃煤炉自
1954
年来就没停止运行过。他说道：
“我本想在公司再干
五年的，毕竟现在我还年轻，退休
还早。
”但是负责运营卡本电
厂的落基山电力公司已断定，如果为达到汞排放的联邦标准而对日渐老化
的卡本进行翻新
的话，代价将非常巨大，因而此举不可行。卡本电厂计划于
2015
年
4
月关闭。落基
山电力公司的发言人大卫·艾斯克森说：
“在过去三年的大部分时间里，我们都
在尝试各种办法来满足
新规定的要求，但在我们所尝试的办法中，没有一种办法的结果能
满足要求。
”过去几年里，由于环保
法规更加严格、电力需求不
断下降以及电力公用企业转而使用天然气，全国各地的燃煤电厂纷纷关闭。
本月，
美国最大的公共电力公司——田纳西河流域管理局董事会投票决定关闭位于阿拉巴马州和肯塔基
州的八家燃煤发电厂并将其中一些电厂升级为燃气发电厂。自
2010
年以来，有
150
多家
燃煤电厂已
经关闭或即将退役。美国国家环保局预计，对燃煤电厂实施更加严格的排放法
规可节省数十亿美元的医
疗开支，并且对空气质量产生深远影响。最近几周，在没拟定二
氧化碳排放的补充条例之前，国家环保
局已在全国范围内举行了
11
次“听证会”
。
“在美国，燃煤
电厂是危险的碳污染的最大单一来源。我们
有现成的替代物来替代它们，比如风能和太阳
能，
”布鲁斯·奈尔斯说道。他是山峦俱乐部（美国一环
保组织
）发起的“不用煤炭”运动的负责人，该运动希望关闭美国所有的燃煤电厂。对于这里的很多人
< br>而言，
他们所知道的只有煤炭开采工作。
煤炭行业也能在
艰难时期将该地区团结起来，
尤其是在
2007
年
造成
9
人死亡的矿难事件后的黑暗时期，那次矿难就发生在那条高速公路往前
35
英里的地方。普赖
斯附近的所有人几乎都认识遇难者，其中有六名遇难者
至今仍埋葬在山腰处。但是卡本县不得不转型，
每个人对此都心照不宣——即便不是现在
，那也是很快的事情。在煤矿工作了
43
年的皮特·帕拉斯
奥
斯见证了煤炭行业的兴衰。如今
86
岁高龄的老爷子每当回忆起第一份挖煤工作时都会泪眼婆娑。那时
候他才
12
岁，
每天都有一美元的工资。
“
我现在退休了，
可以安度晚年。
但那些年轻的小伙子怎么办？”
老爷子说道，声音渐渐消失。
< br>
汉译英
Located
in the east of Guizhou, Tianzhu County is an
important gateway from Sichuan,
Chongqing and Guizhou to Guangxi,
Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It is known to
the world
as
the
“
First
Pass
in
EasternGuizhou
”
,
a
“
LandofBarite
inChina
”
anda
“
GoldCountyontheGuizhouPlateau
”
.
With
a
total
area
of
2,201
square
kilometers,
Tianzhu
County
is
composed
of
16
townships
and
326
administrative
villages.
Ethnic
minorities,
predominantly
Dong andMiao,
constitute 98.3% of the local population of more
than 410 thousand. It is one
of
the
counties
with
the
highest
concentration
of
ethnic
minorities
in
Guizhou.
Tianzhu
boasts
abundant
natural
resources.
Endowed
with
moderate
climate
and
fertile
soil,
it
is
a
major
grain
production base in
Guizhou and is crowned as the
“
Breadbasket in East
Guizhou
”
. It isalso
a major tobacco leaf producer in China
with an annual output of 26 thousand dans (one
dan=50
kilograms). Furthermore, the
extensive forests in the county cover anarea of
1.85million mus
(one mu=1/15
hectare),56% of the county
’
s
total area. Besides being one of the ten largest
county-level
bases
of
forest
resources
in
Guizhou,
it
also
abounds
in
barite,gold,
coalandothermineralresources.
Benefiting from the
country
’
s
“
go
west
”
campaign, Tianzhu
County
has
entered
into
a
fast
track
of
development.
Many
encouraging
changes
in
comprehensive
strengths have taken place in Tianzhu:
steady economic growth, improvement of the
people
’
s
livelihood,
adjustment
and
optimization
of
the
industrial
structure,
as
well
as
infrastructure today Tianzhu is
presenting a new image featuring a sound
ecological
environment,
developed
culture
and
education,
improved
comprehensive
services
and
habitat conditions, as well asamore
vibranteconomy totheworld.
2014
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
It
sounds so promising. A network of dedicated cycle
routes running through a city with
air
pumps to fix flat tires, footrests to lean on
while taking breaks and trash cans that are
specially angled so you can throw in
empty water bottles without stopping.
Best of all, you can cycle on those
routes for long distances without having to make
way
for cars and trucks at junctions
and traffic lights, according to the official
description
of
the
Cycle
Super
Highways,
which
are
under
construction
here
as
part
of
the
Danish
capital
’
s efforts
to become carbon-neutral by 2025.
Are
they as good as they sound? These days it is hard
to find a big city that
doesn
’
t
make
grandiose claims to encourage cycling, and harder
still to find one that fulfills them.
Redesigning congested traffic systems
to add bike lanes to overcrowded roads is
fiendishly
difficult, especially in
historic cities with narrow cobbled streets like
Copenhagen. But as
its cycling program
sounds so ambitious, I went there to try it.
Maybe I
’
d be less
cynical if I lived in Amsterdam, Cologne or any
other city with decent
cycling
facilities, but as a Londoner,
I
’
ve learned the hard way to
be suspicious whenever
politicians
promise to do anything bike-friendly.
London
’
s mayor, Boris
Johnson, is a keen
cyclist, who issues
policy papers with auspicious titles like
“
Cycling
Revolution
”
and
has
continued
his
predecessor
’
s
biking
program
by
introducing
a
cycle-rental
project
and
building
new
bike lanes.
So far so good, you may
think, unless you have braved the potholes, parked
trucks and
construction debris that
obstruct those lanes, many of which appear to have
been designed by
someone
who
has
never
seen
a
bicycle,
let
alone
ridden
one.
London
cyclists
swap
horror
stories
of dysfunctional
cycle routes that end without warning or maroon
them on the wrong side of
the
road,
though
few
can
be
more
perilous
than
a
new
lane
on
Bethnal
Green
Road,
which
is
blocked
by a streetlight
—
anyone rash enough
to use the lane has
to brake
sharply to avoid crashing
into it.
Luckily
for
Copenhagen
’
s
cyclists,
their
system
has
been
more
thoughtfully
designed.
The
capital is a compact, reasonably flat
city that is naturally bike-friendly, and even its
old
cycle
routes
are
wider
and
better
maintained
than
London
’
s.
More
than
a
third
of
Copenhageners
already bike
to work or school, mainly on short journeys of an
average of five kilometers,
or three
miles. The city
’
s traffic
planners hope to encourage people to cycle for
longer
distances
by
creating
the
cycling
equivalent
of
freeways,
which
will
provide
fast,
direct
routes
of
up to 22 kilometers into the center. A total of 28
highways are planned, providing 495
kilometers
of
dedicated
bike
tracks.
The
first
one
from
the
western
suburb
of
Albertslund
opened
in April 2012, followed a year by the
second, from Farum, northwest of the city.
What are the Super Highways like?
Judging by my experience of the Farum route,
they
’
re great. Impressive
though the air pumps, footrests and angled trash
cans are, the biggest
thrill was
pedaling through
the
“
green
waves
”
of
uninterrupted green
traffic
lights, which
have been
programmed to prioritize cyclists over cars.
It
was
also
cheering
to
see
bikers
chatting
while
cycling
two
or
three
abreast
in
“
Conversation
Lanes.
”
Like most urban
bikers, I usually value the practical benefits of
cycling, as a speedy means of transport
and convenient form of exercise, but the Farum
route
made
it
as
pleasurable
as
zipping
along
empty
country
lanes.
The
planners
hope
the
full
network
will
eventually encourage a 30 percent increase in
cycling among
Copenhagen
’
s
commuters,
which
would
be
hugely
beneficial
in
terms
of
reducing
the
city
’
s CO2
emissions and health care costs.
Section 2:
Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into
English.
能源安全同世
界经济的稳定发展和各国人民的福祉息息相关。在当前国际金融危机背景下，维护全
球能
源安全对有效应对国际金融危机冲击、推动世界经济全面复苏和长远发展具有重要意义。
国际社会应树立互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观，共同稳定能源等大宗商
品价格、
防止过度投机和炒作，保障各国特别是发展中国家能源需求，维护能源市场正常
秩序。同时，各国应改
善能源结构，加强先进能源技术的研发和推广，大力发展清洁和可
再生能源，在相关领域积极开展国际
合作。
< br>中国政府高度重视能源和能源安全问题。
在解决中国的能源问题上，
始终坚持节约优先、
立足国内、
多元发展、保护环境
的原则，加强国际互利合作，大力改善和调整能源结构，努力构筑稳定、经济、清
洁、安
全的能源供应体系。中国愿与世界各国一道共同努力，建立起能源合作长效机制，为保障全球能
< br>源安全、应对气候变化做出应有的贡献。
答案
这听起来很不错：建设一个贯穿
城市的自行车专用道路网，每条专用道设有气泵来给没气的车胎充
气，脚凳以供骑车者休
息时放脚，以及呈特定角度放置的垃圾桶来让骑车者不用停车就能扔放空水瓶。
最重要的
是，根据正在建设中的“骑行超级公路”的官方介绍，你能在这些专用道上长距离骑行而不用
在十字路口或红绿灯时给汽车和卡车让道。
“骑行超级高速”
项目是丹麦首都哥本哈根为实现到
2025
年
成为碳中和城市这一目标所做的努力之一。这些自行车专用道真像听起来那么好么？近来，很难找到 一
个没大张旗鼓地宣称要鼓励骑车出行的大城市，
而要找到一个
将这种豪言壮语付诸实践的城市就更难了。
重新设计拥堵的交通体系来给拥挤的道路上增
设自行车专用道是及其困难的，
特别是在诸如哥本哈根这
样的历
史名城，因为它们的道路都是窄窄的鹅卵石道路。但鉴于哥本哈根自行车出行计划听起来如此高
< br>大上，我就去体验了把。如果我是住在阿姆斯特丹、科隆或其他有完善的自行车出行配套设施的城市，
或许我就不会成为一个疑邻盗斧之人了。但作为一个伦敦人，我已经切身体会到了这样一点：
无论什么
时候政客们承诺实施有益于骑车出行的计划，你都要先打个大大的问号。伦敦市
长鲍里斯·约翰逊热衷
骑车出行。他发布了许多标题很吉利的政策白皮书，如“骑车出行
革命”这个标题，并且通过推出自行
车租赁计划和建设新的自行车道，他把前任市长的骑
车出行计划又推进一步。你会觉得，目前来看还不
错，除非你作死非要在有坑洞或被停放
的车辆和建筑残料堵塞的自行车道上骑行。许多这些自行车道似
乎是从来没看过自行车的
蠢货设计的，更别提那些坑坑洼洼的自行车道了。伦敦的骑车出行者常相互吐
槽自己在这
些不完善的车道上骑车的可怕经历，有的车道前面没路了也不立个警示牌，有的车道你骑错
了方向就死也找不到转弯调换骑行方向的地方。
不过这些自行车道都还没贝斯纳绿色公
路上那个新建的
自行车道危险，
因为这个车道中间居然立有一个
路灯——那些急不可耐要去使用该车道的骑行者得紧急
刹车才能避免撞上路灯。对哥本哈
根骑车出行者来说幸运的是，他们的自行车道系统设计更加周到。哥
本哈根很小，道路很
平坦，天然适合骑车出行，并且即便是该市老的自行车道也都比伦敦的自行车道要
宽且保
养更好。现在超过三分之一的哥本哈根市民骑车上班或上学，主要都是短距离骑行，里程平均在
< br>
5
公里，约
3
英里。
“超级高速”到底是长啥样？
根据我在法鲁姆超级骑行路线上的体验，这些高速自行车道真是太棒
了。气泵、脚凳和有
角度的垃圾桶让人印象深刻，不过最大的惊喜还是一路不间断绿灯骑行的快感，这
些绿灯
的设计就是给骑行者优先于汽车的特权。在“唠嗑车道”
，并排骑行的两个或三个骑行者
可以边
骑车边唠嗑，这也太让人赞了！和其他大多数城市骑车出行者一样，我通常看重骑
行的实际好处，它可
以作为快速的交通方式和一种便捷的锻炼方式，但是法鲁姆超级骑行
路线让骑行变得很让人享受，那赶
脚就如同在乡间空旷车道上呼啸飞驰。
“骑行超级高速”的规划者们希望这个自行车专用道路网最终能
让哥本哈根通勤
者中选择骑车出行的人增加
30%
，
这将对哥本哈根削减二氧化碳排放量和医疗开支有巨
大的好处。
汉译英
官方版译文：
“
No conflict or
confrontation
”
is the
prerequisite for the new model of major-country
relations between us. According to some
study of history, there have been about 15 cases
of
rise of emerging powers. In 11
cases, confrontation and war broke out between the
emerging
and the established powers.
However, we now live in a different world. China
and the United
States and in fact all
countries in the world are part of a community of
shared interests.
Countries
are
increasingly
interconnected.
Neither
of
us
will
benefit
from
confrontation.
War
will get us nowhere.
“
No conflict or
confrontation
”
means that we
need to follow the trend
of
globalization,
reverse
negative
projections
of
China-US
relations,
address
strategic
distrust
and
build
confidence
in
the
future
of
China-
USrelations.
“
Mutual
respect
”
is
a
basic
principle
for this new model. We live in a world of rich
diversity. For China and the United
States, two major countries different
in social system, history and culture yet
connected by
intertwined
interests,
mutual
respect
is
all
the
more
important.
Only
by
respecting
each
other
’
s
system
and
path
chosen
by
their
people,
as
well
as
each
other
’
s
core
interests
and
concerns
can
we
seek
common
ground
while
reserving
differences
and,
on
that
basis,
expand
common
ground
and
dissolve
differences
so
that
China
and
the
United
Stateswill
beabletolivetogether
inharmony.
“
Win-
win
cooperation
”
is
the
only
way
to
turn
the
vision
into
a
reality.
There
is
an
enormous
need
and
vast
potential
for
bilateral
cooperation
in
all
fields.
Besides,
the
world
certainly
needs
China
and
the
United
States,
two
major
countries
with
great
influence,
to
work
together
and contribute on issues ranging from
counter terrorism to cyber security, from nuclear
non-proliferation
to
climate
change,
and
from
peace
in
the
Middle
East
to
Africa
’
s
development.
Win-win
progress is only possible when both countries are
committed to growing cooperation.
Moreover, such win-win outcome should
not just be beneficial to China and the United
States,
it should also be
beneficialtoallcountriesintheworld.
2014
年
5
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and
hiss while melting away,this remote Arctic town
and its culture are also disappearing
in a changing climate.
Narsaq
’
s
largest
employer,
a
shrimp
factory,
closed
a
few
years
ago
after
the
crustaceans
fled north to cooler water. Where once
there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there
is
now one.
As
a
result,
the
population
here,
one
of
southern
Greenland
’
s
major
towns,
has
been
halved
to
1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.
“
Fishing is the heart of
this town,
”
said Hans
Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman.
“
Lots of
people
have lost their
livelihoods.
”
But
even
as
warming
temperatures
are
upending
traditional
Greenlandic
life,
they
are
also
offering up intriguing new
opportunities for this state of 57,000
—
perhaps nowhere more so
than here in Narsaq.
Vast
new deposits of minerals and gems are being
discovered as Greenland
’
s
massive ice
cap recedes, forming the
basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry.
One of the
world
’
s largest deposits of
rare earth metals
—
essential for manufacturing
cellphones,
wind turbines and electric cars
—
sits just outside Narsaq.
This could be momentous for Greenland,
which has long relied on half a billion dollars
a
year
in
welfare
payments
from
Denmark,
its
parent
state.
Mining
profits
could
help
Greenland
become
economically
self-sufficient
and
render
it
the
first
sovereign
nation
created
by
global
warming.
“
One
of
our
goals
is
to
obtain
independence,
”
said
Vittus
Qujaukitsoq,
a
prominent
labor
union leader.
But
the
rapid
transition
from
a
society
of
individual
fishermen
and
hunters
to
an
economy
supported by corporate mining raises
difficult questions. How would
Greenland
’
s insular
settlements
tolerate
an
influx
of
thousands
of
Polish
or
Chinese
construction
workers,
as
has
been
proposed? Will mining despoil a natural
environment essential to
Greenland
’
s national
identity
—
the
whales
and
seals,
the
silent
icy
fjords,
and
mythic
polar
bears?
Can
fisherman
reinvent
themselves as miners?
“
I
think
mining
will
be
the
future,
but
this
is
a
difficult
phase,
”
said
Jens
B.
Frederiksen,
Greenland
’
s
housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy
premier.
“
It
’
s
a plan that
not everyone wants.
It
’
s about traditions, the
freedom of a boat, family
professions.
”
The
Arctic
is warming even faster than
other
parts of the planet, and
the rapidly melting
ice
is
causing
alarm
among
scientists
about
sea-level
rise.
In
northeastern
Greenland,
average
yearly temperature
have risen
4.5 degrees in the past 15
years, and scientists predict the area could warm
by 14 to 21
degrees by the end of the
century.
Already,
winter
pack
ice
that
covers
the
fjords
is
no
longer
stable
enough
for
dog
sledding
and
snowmobile
traffic
in
many
areas.
Winter
fishing,
essential
to
feeding
families,
is
becoming
hazardous or impossible.
It
has
long
been
known
that
Greenland
sat
upon
vast
mineral
lodes,
and
the
Danish
government
has
mapped
them
intermittently
for
decades.
Niels
Bohr,
Denmark
’
s
Nobel
Prize-winning
nuclear
physicist
and
a
member
of
the
Manhattan
Project,
visited
Narsaq
in
1957
because
of
its
uranium
deposits.
But previous attempts at mining mostly
failed, proving too expensive in the inclement
conditions. Now, warming has altered
the equation.
Greenland
’
s
Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with
managing the boom, currently
has
150
active
licenses
for
mineral
exploration,
up
from
20
a
decade
ago.
Altogether,
companies
spent $$100 million exploring
Greenland
’
s deposits last
year, and several are applying for
licenses
to
begin
construction
on
new
mines,
bearing
gold,
iron
and
zinc
and
rare
earths.
There
are also foreign
companies exploring for offshore oil.
Section 2:
Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into
English.
中华民族历经
磨难，自强不息，从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国
梦是
近代以来中华民族的夙愿。
在新的历史时期，中国梦的本质是
国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。我们的奋斗目标是，到
2020
年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入在
2010
年基础上翻一番，
全面建成小康社会。
到本世纪中
叶，
建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。<
/p>
实现中国梦，必须坚持中国特色社会主义道路。我们已经在这条
道路上走了
30
多年，历史证明，
这是一条符合中国国情、富民强国的正确道路，我们将坚定不移地沿着这条道路走下去。
实现中国梦，必须弘扬中国精神。用以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的
时代精神
振奋起全民族的“精气神”
。
实现中国梦，必须凝聚中国力量。空谈误国，实干兴邦。我们要用
13
亿中国人的智慧和力量，一
代又一代中国人不懈努力
，把我们的国家建设好，把我们的民族发展好。
实现中国梦，
必须坚持和平发展。我们将始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放
战略
，
不仅致力于中国自身发展，
也强调对世界的责任和贡献；
不仅造福中国人民，
而且造福世界人民。
实
现中国梦给世界带来的是和平，不是动荡；是机遇，不是威胁。
答案
格陵
兰岛纳萨克——随着皮艇港的冰山在融化过程中发出嘶嘶的响声，
这座偏远的北极小镇和
它的
文化，也正在随着气候变化而消失。纳萨克最大的用工企业，一家虾厂，几年前倒闭
了，原因是虾蟹都
逃往了北方更寒冷的水域。这里曾一度有八艘商业捕鱼船，现在只剩一
艘了。因此，作为格陵兰岛南部
主要城镇之一，纳萨克的人口在短短十年中降至
1500
人，减少了一半。自杀率也出现上升。
“捕鱼是
这个小镇的核心。
”今年
63
岁的渔民汉斯·卡斯佩森说，
“很多人失去了生计。
”尽管逐渐升高的气温
正在颠覆着格陵兰人传统的生活方式，但是气
温升高也为这个只有
5.7
万人的国家提供了有趣的新机<
/p>
遇，这种机遇在纳萨克可能最为明显。随着格陵兰岛广袤的冰盖逐渐消融，人们发现了储量
丰富的新矿
产和宝石，这为潜在利润巨大的采矿业奠定了基础。全球最大的稀土金属矿藏
就坐落在纳萨克城外不远
处，
稀土金属在生产手机、
风力涡轮机和电动汽车时必不可少。
对格陵兰岛而言，
这可能具有重大意义。
很长时间以来，格陵兰岛一直依赖其母国丹麦每年拨付的
5
亿美元资金支持维持运行。采矿利润可能
会帮助格陵兰岛实现经济上的自给自足，成为第一个因全球变暖而成立的主权国家。知名工会领袖维图
斯·奎奥基茨克说，
“我们的目标之一是取得独立。
< br>”然而，把一个由个体渔民和猎人组成的社会，迅速
转变为由企业采矿支撑的经济
体，也引发了一些难题。比如，格陵兰岛上与世隔绝的定居点，如何承受
计划招徕的数千
名波兰或中国建筑工人？采矿是否会破坏格陵兰岛的国家形象（鲸、海豹、寂静的冰川
海
湾，以及神秘的北极熊）所不可或缺的自然环境？渔民们能够把自身重塑成矿工吗？“我认为采矿就
是我们的未来，但现在是一个艰难的阶段。
”格陵兰住房与基础设施部长、副
总理延斯·
B
·佛雷德利克
森说，
“这并不是一个所有人都赞成的计划，它会涉及传统、驾船的自由，以及代代相传的职业。<
/p>
”北极
变暖的速度比地球上其他任何地方都快，
< br>而迅速融化的冰川引起了科学家对海平面上升的警觉。
过去
15
年中，格陵兰岛东北部的年均气温上升了
4.5
度。而科学家预测，到本世纪末，该地区气温会升高
14
至
21
度。在很多地区，冬季覆盖
在峡湾里的浮冰已经不够稳固，狗拉雪橇和摩托雪橇都无法通行了。
冬季捕鱼是为很多家
庭提供食物的重要手段，但现在却变得很危险，甚至不可能了。格陵兰岛地下蕴藏
着巨大
的矿藏这一点久为人知。几十年来，丹麦政府已经断断续续地绘制了这些矿藏的分布图。参与过
< br>曼哈顿计划的丹麦核物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主尼尔斯·玻尔曾在
1957
年造访纳萨克，原因是这里有铀
矿藏。然而，之前的开采尝试几乎都
失败了，事实证明在严酷的环境下采矿，成本过于高昂。如今，气
候变暖让这个等式发生
了变化。
负责对开发热潮进行管理的格陵兰矿产与石油管理局目前发放的有效的
矿产勘探许可证有
150
份，而十年前仅为
20
份。去年，各企业总计投入了
1
亿
美元用于勘探格陵兰
岛的矿藏。有几家公司正在申请在新矿藏进行建设的许可证。这些新
矿蕴藏着金、铁、锌和稀土。也有
一些外国公司在勘探近海石油。
汉译英
官方译文：
With
great
tenacity,
the
Chinese
nation
has
emerged
resilient
from
trials
and
tribulations.
It has never
given up its pursuit of great dreams. The great
renewal of the Chinese nation
has been
a long-cherished dream of the
Chinesenationsincemoderntimes.
In this
new
historical era, the Chinese
dream that we are pursuing is
about three things:
economic
prosperity,
national
renewal,
and
happiness
of
the
Chinese
people.
We
have
two
goals:
First,
to
double
the
2010
GDPand
per
capita
income
of
both
urban
and
rural
residents
and
finish
the building of a
moderately prosperous society in all respects by ,
to build a
modern socialist country
that is strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally
advanced and
harmonious
and
fulfill
the
Chinese
dream
of
achieving
the
great
renewal
of
the
Chinese
nation
by mid-21stcentury.
To
realize
the
Chinese
dream,
we
must
stay
on
the
path
of
socialism
with
Chinese
characteristics.
We
have
beenonthis
pathfor
over
30years.
History
hasproven
it
to
be
theright
path
that
suits
China
’
s
national
conditions,
bringingaboutprosperitytoChinaandits
continuetoadvancealongthispath.
To realize the Chinese dream, we must
promote the Chinese spirit. We need to boost the
morale
of
the
whole
nationwiththepatriotism-
imbuednationalspirit
andcallofthetime,n
amely,reformandinnovation.
To realize
the Chinese dream, we must pool the strength of
the whole talk
is harmful to the
nation, while doing practical work will make it
thrive. With the wisdom and
strength
of
the
1.3
billion
Chinese
and
through
the
unremitting
efforts
of
generations
of
the
Chinese
people,
we
will
make
China
strong
and
the
Chinesenationprosperous.
Tor
ealizetheChinesedream,wemustpursuepeaceful
development.
Wewill
unwaveringlyfollowthepath
ofpeacefuldevelopmentandthewin-win
bothpursueChina
’
sdevelopmentand
liveuptoourresponsibilities
andmake
workforthecommongood
of
alized,theChinesedreamwill
bringpeaceand
opportunities
totheworld,notturbulenceorthreat.
2013
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
Stroll through the
farmers
’
market and you will
hear a plethora of languages and see a
rainbow of faces. Drive down Canyon
Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino pork
belly at
adjacent markets. Along the
highway, browse the aisles of a giant Asian
supermarket stocking
fresh
napa
cabbage
and
mizuna
or
fresh
kimchi.
Head
toward
downtown
and
you
’
ll
see
loncheras
—
taco
trucks
—
on
street
corners
and
hear
Spanish
bandamusic.
On
the
city
’
s
northern
edge,
you can sample Indian chaat.
Welcome
to
Beaverton,
a
Portland
suburb
that
is
home
to
Oregon
’
s
fastest
growing
immigrant
population. Once a
rural community, Beaverton, population 87,000, is
now the sixth largest
city
in
Oregon
—
with
immigration
rates
higher
than
those
of
Portland,
Oregon
’
s
largest
city.
Best
known
as
the
world
headquarters
for
athletic
shoe
company
Nike,
Beaverton
has
changed
dramatically over
the past 40 years. Settled by immigrants from
northern Europe in the 19th
century,
today
it
is
a
place
where
80
languages
from
Albanian
to
Urdu
are
spoken
in
the
public
schools
and
about
30
percent
of
students
speak
a
language
besides
English,
according
to
English
as a
Second Language program director Wei Wei Lou.
Beaverton
’
s wave
of new residents began arriving in the 1960s, with
Koreans and Tejanos
(Texans of Mexican
origin), who were the first permanent Latinos. In
1960, Beaverton
’
s
population
of
Latinos
and
Asians
was
less
than
0.3
percent.
By
2000,
Beaverton
had
proportionately
more
Asian
and
Hispanic
residents
than
the
Portland
metro
area.
Today,
Asians
comprise 10 percent and Hispanics 11
percent of Beaverton
’
s
population.
Mayor
Denny
Doyle
says
that
many
in
Beaverton
view
the
immigrants
who
are
rapidly
reshaping
Beaverton
as
a
source
of
enrichment.
“
Citizens
here
especially
in
the
arts
and
culture
community
think
it
’
s fantastic that we have
all these different possibilities
here,
”
he says.
Gloria
Vargas,
50,
a
Salvadoran
immigrant,
owns
a
popular
small
restaurant,
Gloria
’
s
Secret
Caf
é
, in downtown
Beaverton.
“
I love
Beaverton,
”
she says.
“
I feel like I belong
here.
”
Her mother
moved her to Los Angeles as a teenager in 1973,
and she moved Oregon in 1979. She
landed
a
coveted
vendor
spot
in
the
Beaverton
Farmers
Market
in
1999.
Now
in
addition
to
running
her restaurant, she
has one of the most popular stalls there, selling
up to 200 Salvadoran
tamales
—
wrapped in banana leaves
rather than corn husks
—
each Saturday.
“
Once they
buy
my food, they always come back for
more,
”
she says.
“
It
’
s
pretty
relaxed
here,
”
says
Taj
Suleyman,
28,
born
and
raised
in
Lebanon,
and
recently
transplanted to
Beaverton to start a job working with immigrants
from many countries. Half
Middle
Eastern and half African, Suleyman says he was
attracted to Beaverton specifically
because of its diversity. He serves on
a city-sponsored Diversity Task Force set up by
Mayor
Doyle.
Mohammed
Haque,
originally
from
Bangladesh,
finds
Beaverton
very
welcoming.
His
daughter,
he
boasts, was even elected her high
school
’
s homecoming queen.
South Asians such as Haque have
transformed Bethany, a neighborhood north of
Beaverton.
It is dense with immigrants
from Gujarat, a state in India and primary source
for the first
wave of
Beaverton
’
s South Asian
immigrants.
The
first
wave
of
South
Asian
immigrants
to
Beaverton,
mostly
Gujaratis
from
India,
arrived
in
the
1960s
and
1970s,
when
the
motel
and
hotel
industry
was
booming.
Many
bought
small
hotels
and originally
settled in Portland, and then relocated to
Beaverton for better schools and
bigger
yards. The second wave of South Asians
arrived
during the high-tech
boom of the 1980s,
when the software
industry, and Intel and Tektronix, really took
off.
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into English.
中国是一个发展中国家，中国的人权状况正处于不断发展和完善之中。中国政府高度重视尊重和保
障人权，将采取有力措施，不断推动中国人权事业的发展，提高全国人民享受人权和基本
自由的水平。
随着中国经济平稳较快发展，人民的生存权和发展权得到了较大的改善。城
乡居民收入不断增长，人民
总体生活水平不断提高，城乡居民住房条件和居住环境也得到
改观。中国政府采取了有利措施帮助
农村贫困人口脱贫。中国
的扶贫成就证明人类消除贫困并不是遥不可及的目标。中国政府高度重视
提高人民的健康
水平，维护其环境权益。为保障人民的健康安全，国家制订了一系列法规，并采取了有
力
措施打击环境违法行为，使一些地区的环境质量得到了明显的改善。目前，中国人民的健康总体水平
已经超过中等收入国家的平均水平，处于发展中国家前列。
漫步走过农贸市场，你会听到各种
语言，见到各式各样的面孔。沿峡谷路开下去，在邻近的各种市场，
你可以买到清真食品
或菲律宾五花猪肉。在高速公路两旁，逛逛巨大的亚裔超市，其中陈列着新鲜的中
国大白
菜和京都水菜或者新鲜的韩国泡菜。向着市区开去，在街角会看到卖墨西哥煎玉米卷的卡车，听
< br>到西班牙风格的班达音乐。在城市的北边，你则可以品尝到印度菜。
欢迎来到波特兰市郊的比弗顿！这里有着俄勒冈州增长最快的
移民群体。人口
87000
的比弗顿，一度是
< br>个农业区，如今成为俄勒冈第六大城市——而且移民比例高于俄勒冈州最大城市波特兰。
< br>
比弗顿最为人知的是，它是耐克运动鞋公司全球总部
所在地。过去
40
年来这里发生了巨大变化。据英
语作第二语言项目主管罗未未说，比弗顿在十九世纪的定居者是北欧移民，现在公立学校学生中讲从阿
尔巴尼亚语到乌尔都语的
80
种语言，
大约
30%
的学生会使用英语以外的一种语言。
比弗顿在
1960
年代迎来第一波新居民潮，先是韩国人和提加洛人（原籍墨西哥的德克萨斯人）——后
者是第一批拉美裔永久居民。
1960
年，比弗
顿的拉美裔和亚裔人口不到
0.3%
。到
2000
年，比弗顿的亚
裔和拉美裔人口比例超过波特兰都市
区。今天，亚裔占比弗顿人口的
10%
，拉美裔占
11%
。
市长丹尼·道尔说，在比弗顿的许多人看来，迅速重塑比弗顿的移民让生活变得丰富。他说：
“这里的
市民，特别艺术和文化圈人士，认为此地拥有种种不同的可能性
，实在非常美妙。
”
现年
50
岁的格洛丽亚·巴尔加斯是萨尔瓦多移民，
在比弗顿市区拥有一家生意红火的小餐馆——格洛
丽亚秘密餐馆。她说：
“我爱比弗顿。我感到我属于这里。
”
1973
年，在她十来岁时，母亲把她带到洛杉
矶，她在
1979
年搬到比弗顿。
1999
年
，她在比弗顿农贸市场拿到一个令人垂涎的摊位。现在除了打理
餐馆以外，她在那里有一
个最受欢迎的小摊，每个星期六卖出多达
200
份萨尔瓦多玉米
粉蒸肉——用香
蕉叶而不是玉米皮包装。她说：
“他们一旦买过
我的食品，总会再回头。
”
28
岁的泰基·
苏雷曼在黎巴嫩出生长大，<
/p>
近期迁到比弗顿，
开始为来自许多国家的移民服务。
他说：
“这
里的气氛很轻松。
”
苏雷曼有一半中东血统，
一半非洲血统。
< br>他说，
比弗顿的多元化对他特别有吸引力。
他在道尔市长
设立由市府赞助的多元特别工作组供职。
< br>原籍孟加拉的穆罕默德·哈克，感觉比弗顿很欢迎外来者。他自豪地说，他的女儿甚至当选为所就读高
中的返校节皇后。
哈克和一批南亚人则改变了比弗顿北边的贝瑟尼社区的面貌。
这个区住着很多来自印
度古吉拉特邦的移
民，比弗顿第一波南亚移民主要来自那里。
在
1960
和
1970
年代汽车旅馆和旅馆业兴盛时期，第一波南亚移民到
达比弗顿，他们主要来自印度的古
吉拉特邦。许多人买下小旅馆，起初在波特兰安家，后
来搬到比弗顿寻求更好的学校和更大的院子。第
二波南亚移民在
1980
年代的高科技繁荣期到来，当时软件业和英特尔及泰克欣欣向荣。
市中心附近一家占地
3
0000
平方英尺的超市宇和岛屋成为比弗顿亚裔居民的汇聚地。
曾任宇和岛屋特别
活动协调人的伯尼·卡佩尔说，每天都有许多人来购买新鲜农产品。
不过她说，宇和岛屋最大的购物群
体是白人。
弗顿的亚裔人口当中有相当数量的韩国人，他们在
1960
年代后期和
1970
年代早期开始搬到这里。
比据
1978
年来比弗顿定居的韩国人特德·钟说，他这样的韩国移
民有三个特点：一搬到比弗顿他们便
加入基督教会——经常是卫理教会或长老教会，以此
作为聚集地；他们督促孩子在学校取得优异成绩；
他们行事低调。
钟说他和其他韩国移民作为小企业主辛勤工作，经营食品
店、干洗店、洗衣房、熟食店和寿司店，并且
为能供孩子上一流大学而生活节俭。
最近，中南美洲移民以及伊拉克和索马里
难民也加入了比弗顿社群。
比弗顿有很多组织为移民提供帮助。
比弗顿资源中心帮助所有移民获得医疗和语言服务。
索马里家庭
教育中心帮助索马里和其他非洲难民安
家落户。比弗顿的一所小学甚至提出“缝合”设想
——学生的家长在一起缝衣，以此欢迎索马里班图族
家长，弥合巨大的文化差异。
历史上是白人教会的比弗顿第一联合卫理
会教会等教会，现在提供移民牧师服务。所有教区的比弗顿教
堂提供朝鲜语或西班牙语服
务。
比弗顿市长道尔希望难民和移
民领袖参与本市的决策。他设立了多元特别工作组，使命是“在比弗顿市
构建包容和公平
的社区”
。特别工作组正努力打造面向所有背景的比弗顿人的跨文化社区中心。
比弗顿为移民提供的资源和热情欢迎与众多
市民对自己新家表露的感情交相辉映。
现年
40
岁、来自索马里的卡尔顿·凯南，在
2001
年逃离内战来到比弗顿，目前担任索马里家庭教育中
心拓展协调员。她高兴地说：
“我很喜欢这里。没有人歧视我，每个人都对我微
笑。
”
2013
年
5
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
试题部分：
Section 1:
English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
One of the biggest decisions Andy
Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now
The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers
Stepped In
HIGUERA DE LA SERENA, Spain
—
It
didn
’
t take long for Manuel
Garc
í
a Murillo, a bricklayer
who
took over as mayor here last June,
to realize that his town was in trouble. It was
800,000 euros, a
little more than $$1
million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to
pay for anything
—
and there
was work that needed to be done.
But then an amazing thing happened, he
said. Just as the health department was about to
close
down the day care center because
it didn
’
t have a proper
kitchen, Bernardo Ben
í
tez, a
construction
worker, offered to put up
the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria
Jos
é
Carmona, an adult
education
teacher, stepped in to clean
the place up.
And somehow, the
volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the
residents of this town in
southwest
Spain
—
young
and
old
—
do
what
needs
to
be
done,
whether
it
is
cleaning
the
streets,
raking
the leaves, unclogging culverts or
planting trees in the park.
“
It
was
an
initiative
from
them,
”
said
Mr.
Garc
í
a.
“
Day
to
day
we
talked
to
people
and
we
told
them
there was no money. Of course, they could see it.
The grass in between the sidewalks was up to
my thigh.
“
Higuera
de
la
Serena
is
in
many
ways
a
microcosm
of
Spain
’
s
troubles.
Just
as
Spain
’
s
national
and
regional
governments
are
struggling
with
the
collapse
of
the
construction
industry,
overspending
on huge capital
projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same
problems afflict many of its small
towns.
But what has brought
Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is
that the residents have
stepped up
where their government has failed. Mr.
Garc
í
a says his phone rings
regularly from other
town
officials
who
want
to
know
how
to
do
the
same
thing.
He
is
serving
without
pay,
as
are
the
town
’
s two other
elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars
and phones that usually come with the
job.
“
We
lived
beyond
our
means,
”
Mr.
Garc
í
a
said.
“
We
invested
in
public
works
that
weren
’
t
sensible.
We
are
in
technical
bankruptcy.
”
Even
some
money
from
the
European
Union
that
was
supposed
to
be
used
for routine operating
expenses and last until 2013 has already been
spent, he said.
Higuera de la Serena, a
cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by
farmland, and traditionally
dependent
on
pig
farming
and
olives,
got
swept
up
in
the
giddy
days
of
the
construction
boom.
It
built
a
cultural center and invested in a small nursing
home. But the projects were plagued by delays and
cost overruns.
The
cultural
center
still
has
no
bathrooms.
The
nursing
home,
a
whitewashed
building
sits
on
the
edge of town, still unopened. Together,
they account for some $$470,000 of debt owed to the
bank. But
the rest of the debt is
mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not
keeping up with its expenses.
It owes
for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road
repair, for electrical work, for musicians
who played during holidays.
Higuera de la Serena is not completely
without workers. It still has a half-time
librarian, two
half-time
street
cleaners,
someone
part-time
for
the
sports
complex,
a
secretary
and
an
administrator,
all of whom
are paid through various financing streams apart
from the town. But the town once had a
work force twice the size. And when
someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the
gym and sports
complex
—
open four hours a day
—
must close.
Section 2:
Chinese-English
Translation(
汉译英
)
(40
points)
Translate
the
following
passage
into
English. The time for
this section is 60 minutes.
10
年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世
瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。
<
/p>
中国虽然取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，但仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，经济社会发展面
临巨大的人口、
资源、环境压力，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出。
2011
年，中国开始实施国民经济和社
会发展第十二个五年规划纲要，提出了今后５年中国经济社会发展的
总体任务。
未来５年，
中国将着力实施扩大内需特别是消
费需求的战略，
建立长效机制，
释放消费潜力，
着力促进经济
增长向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。
中国将着力实施
“走出去”
战略
，
引导各类所有制企业有序到境外投资，
积极开展有利于改善当
地基础设施
和人民生活的项目合作。
中国将着力参与全球经济治
理和区域合作，
推动国际经济金融体系改革，
推动建立均衡、<
/p>
普惠、共赢的多边贸易体制，反对各种形式的保护主义，促进国际经济秩序朝着更加公正合
理的方向发展。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
2012
年
11
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
试题部分：
Section 1:
English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
FOR
MORE
than
30
years,
I
have
been
wondering
about
L.R.
Generson.
On
one
of
our
first
Christmases
together, my husband gave me a complete
set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in
gray cloth
with black corners, old but
in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each
volume, in faded block
letters, was the
name of the previous owner:
“
L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx,
NY.
”
That
Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has
ever given me. A couple of the books
are
still
pristine,
but
others
-
“
Bleak
House,
’’
“
David
Copperfield,
’’
and
especially
“
Great
Expectations
’’
-
have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over
the years, Pip and Estella and
Magwitch
have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock,
Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the
Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so,
in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.
Did he love the books as much as I do?
Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There
wasn
’
t much
- a
single mention on a
veterans
’
website of a World
War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I
did
find
a
Dr.
Richard Generson,
an oral
surgeon
living
in New
Jersey. Since
Generson is
not
a common
name, I decided to write to him.
Dr.
Generson
was
kind
enough
to
write
back.
He
told
me
that
his
father,
Leonard
Richard
Generson,
was
born
in
1909.
He
lived
in
New
York
City
but
went
to
medical
school
in
Basel,
Switzerland.
He
spoke
10
languages
fluently.
As
an
obstetrician
and
gynecologist,
he
opened
a
practice
in
the
Bronx
shortly
before World War II.
His son described him as
“
an
extremely patriotic
individual
’’
; right after
Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and
enlisted. He served throughout the war as a
general surgeon
with
an
airborne
special
forces
unit
in
Europe,
where
he
became
one
of
the
war
’
s
most
highly
decorated
physicians.
The list of his decorations reflects
his ordeals and his courage: multiple Purple
Hearts, the
Bronze
Star
with
“
V
’’
for
valor,
the
Silver
Star,
and
also
the
Cross
of
War,
an
extremely
high
honor
from the government of
France. After the war, he remained in the Army
Reserve and attained the rank
of full
colonel, while also continuing his medical
practice in New York.
“
He
was a very dedicated
physician who had
a large patient following,
’’
his son wrote.
Leonard
Generson
’
s
son
didn
’
t
remember
the
Dickens
set,
though
he
told
me
that
there
were
always
a lot
of novels in the house. His mother probably
“
cleaned
house
’’
after his
father
’
s death in
1977 - the same year my husband bought
the set in a used book store.
I found
this letter very moving, with its brief portrait
of an intelligent, brave man and his
life of service. At the same time, it
made me question my presumption that somehow L.R.
Generson and
I were connected because
we
’
d owned the same set of
books. The letter both told me a little about
him, and told me that I would never
really know anything about him - and why should I?
His son must
have been startled to hear
from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What
had I been thinking?
One possible,
and only somewhat facetious, answer is that
I
’
ve read too much Dickens.
In the
world of a Dickens novel,
everything is connected to everything else.
Orphans find families. Lovers
are
joined
(or
parted
and
morally
strengthened).
Ancient
mysteries
are
solved
and
old
scores
are
settled.
Questions are
answered. Stories end.
Dickens
’
s
cluttered network of connected lives brilliantly
exaggerates something that is true
of
all
of
us.
We
want
to
impose
order
through
telling
stories,
maybe
because
there
is
so
much
we
don
’
t know about
our own stories and the stories of those around
us.
Leonard
Generson
’
s life
touched mine only lightly, through the
coincidence of a set of books.
But
there are other lives
he touched more
deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I
will think
of him and his military
service and his 10 languages. And I will think of
the hundreds of babies he
must have
delivered, who are now in the middle of their own
lives and their own stories.
Section 2:
Chinese-English
Translation(
汉译英
)
(40
points)
Translate
the
following
passage
into
English. The time for
this section is 60 minutes.
总部位于美国印第安纳州
的得而达
（
Delta
）
水龙头公司是美国一家上市公司
Masco
集团的核
心企业。
MASCO
集团是世界五百强，
家居及装饰行业的领导者，
在美国乃至世界有
70
多家子公司，
在全球有超过
61,000
名雇员，
年销售额超过
121
< br>亿美元。
自从得而达的创始人
Alex
Man
oogian
先生在
1954
年发明了
具有划时代意义的单柄水龙头之后，
得而达就一
直是水龙头制造
行业的领导者。
德尔达公司是全美水龙头行业中首家成功获得
I
SO9001
质量标准认证的企业。
五
十多年来一直行业领先，已经成为品质可靠、精巧耐用、物有所值产品的象征。
现在，得而达在美国、加拿大及中国拥有
5
家
大型工厂，年产量超过
XXX
。在美国乃至全球，美国得而达公
司的产品正被越来越多的家庭使用。
目前，
在全球已经安装了超过
2
亿个得而达水龙头，
是全球水暖专家首选品
牌。
得而达作为水龙头和相关产品的全球专家，
能够全方位满足全球顾客对设计、
功能、
质量、
外观方面的每一
< br>个要求。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
2012
年
5
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
试题部分：
Section 1:
English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain
—
Back home in Gambia,
Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae
who
had
just
finished
college
and
had
landed
a
job
teaching
science
in
a
high
school.
But
Europe
beckoned.
In his West African homeland, Mr.
Jallow
’
s salary was the
equivalent of just 50 euros a month,
barely
enough
for
the
necessities,
he
said.
And
everywhere
in
his
neighborhood
in
Serekunda,
Gambia
’
s largest
city, there was talk of easy money to be made in
Europe.
Now
he laughs
bitterly
about all that talk.
He lives in
a
patch of
woods here
in southern Spain,
just
outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with
hundreds of other immigrants. They have built
their homes out of plastic sheeting and
cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an
open pipe
is safe. After six years on
the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his
eyes have a yellow tinge.
“
We are not bush
people,
”
he said recently as
he gathered twigs to start a fire.
“
You think you
are civilized. But this is how we live
here. We suffer here.
”
The political upheaval in Libya and
elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for
thousands
of
new
migrants
to
make
their
way
to
Europe
across
the
Mediterranean.
Already
some
25,000
have
reached
the island of
Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived
at Malta.
The boats, at first, brought
mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more
sub-Saharans.
Experts say thousands
more
—
many of whom have
been moving around North Africa trying to get
to
Europe
for
years,
including
Somalis,
Eritreans,
Senegalese
and
Nigerians
—
are
likely
to
follow,
sure that a better life awaits them.
But for Mr. Jallow and for many others
who arrived before them, often after days at sea
without
food or water, Europe has
offered hardships they never imagined. These days
Mr. Jallow survives on
two meals a day,
mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil,
which he stirs with a branch.
“
It keeps the hunger
away,
”
he said.
The authorities estimate that there are
perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in
the
southern
Spanish
province
of
Andalusia,
a
region
known
for
its
crops
of
strawberries,
raspberries
and
blueberries,
and
there
are
thousands
more
migrants
in
areas
that
produce
olives,
oranges
and
vegetables.
Most of them have stories that echo Mr.
Jallow
’
s.
From
the road, their encampments look like igloos
tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor
is
clear. Piles of garbage
and flies are
everywhere.
Old clothes,
stiff
from dirt and
rain,
hang from
branches.
“
There is everything in
there,
”
said
Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm
workers’
union
in Andalusia,
which tries to advocate for the men.
“
You have rats and snakes
and mice and fleas.
”
The men in the woods do not call home
with the truth, though. They send pictures of
themselves
posing next to Mercedes cars
parked on the street, the kind of pictures that
Mr. Jallow says he fell
for so many
years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his
neighbors, who will not talk to reporters.
“
So many
lies,
”
he said.
“
It is terrible what they
are doing. But they are
embarrassed.
”
Even
now,
though,
Mr.
Jallow
will
not
consider
going
back
to
Gambia.
“
I
would
prefer
to
die
here,
”
he said.
“
I
cannot go home empty-handed. If I went home, they
would be saying,
“
What have
you been
doing with yourself,
Amadou?
’
They think in
Europe there is money all
over.
”
The
immigrants
—
virtually all
of them are men
—
cluster by
nationality and look for work on
the
farms.
But
Mr.
Ca?amero
sa
ys
they
are
offered
only
the
least
desirable
work,
like
handling
pesticides,
and little of it
at that. Most have no working papers.
Occasionally,
the
police
bring
bulldozers
to
tear
down
the
shelters.
But
the
men,
who
have
usually
used
their
family
’
s
life
savings
to
get
here,
are
mostly
left
alone
—
the
conditions
they
live
under
are an open secret in the nearby
villages.
Section 2:
Chinese-English
Translation(
汉译英
)
(40
points)
Translate
the
following
passage
into
English. The time for
this section is 60 minutes.
今年是中国加入世贸组织
10
周年。
10
年来，中国经济发展实现了新的跨越，对世界经济增长的贡献日益增
大。
10
年来，中国平均关税水平从
15.3%
降至
9.8%
，达到并超过了世贸组织对发展中
国家的要求。
10
年来，中
国总计从海
外进口达
8.5
万亿美元，为各国发展提供了广阔市场。
中国经济社会发展的总体形势是好的。
在世
界经济形势依然复杂多变的情况下，
中国有针对性地加强和改善
宏观调控，着力稳物价、调结构、保民生、促和谐，经济增长由政策刺激向自主增长有序转变，国民经济继续朝<
/p>
着宏观调控的预期方向发展。
为了巩固
经济社会发展良好势头，
我们将坚持以科学发展为主题、
以加快
转变经济发展方式为主线，
继续加
强和改善宏观调控，
继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、
调整经济结构、
管理通胀预期的关系，
更加注重以人为
本，更加注重全面协
调可持续发展，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重改革开放，
更加注重保障和改善民生。
中国经
济发展的前景是光明的。中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对世界
经济发展无疑将是有利的。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
西班牙帕洛斯德拉弗龙特拉<
/p>
--
在冈比亚国内时，阿玛窦﹒雅罗（
A
madou
Jallow
）曾是个雷鬼乐迷，
22
岁那年他刚刚大学毕业，在国内一所高中还谋得了科学教职。不过，他最终
还是选择了到欧洲寻梦。
他说，
在冈
比亚国内，
他的月薪仅合
50
欧元，<
/p>
基本生活费都不够。
他来自冈比亚第一大城市萨拉昆达，
周围的人都纷纷表示欧洲的钱比较好赚。
现在
，他对人们的这种论调只能报以苦笑。他与其他数百名移民就住在西班牙南部帕洛斯德拉弗龙特
< br>拉村外的一片树林里。他们的安身之所是用塑料膜和纸板搭建起来的，饮用水取自一个露天水管，不过他< /p>
们并不确信这水真的适合饮用。雅罗到欧洲已有六个年头了，现在的他骨瘦如柴，眼睛泛着
淡黄色。
最近见他时，他边捡拾柴火边向我倾诉，“我们不是
生活在树林里的野人。你们以为自己是个文明的
国家，但是我们这里的生活状况却是这样
，我们是在这里受罪。”
北非的利比亚等国爆发了政治动乱后
，数千人借机穿越地中海抵达欧洲，加入了移民大军。现在，已
有
25,000
人抵达了意属蓝佩杜萨岛，另有数百人抵达了马耳他。
< br>
最开始移民的主要是突尼斯人，但最近撒哈拉以南非洲地区的移民占了多数。<
/p>
许多索马里、厄立特里亚、塞内加尔和尼日利亚等国家的人多年
来一直在北非地区游荡，试图寻找机
会移往欧洲。专家们称，现在很可能还有数千人将加
入移民阵营，这些人确信欧洲美好的生活正等待着他
们。
但是，对于雅罗等许许多多的老非洲移民而言，他们在海上一连几天都没吃没喝，而抵达欧洲
后，等
待他们的往往是难以想象的苦难。这几天，雅罗一天只吃两顿饭，主食就是用树枝
搅拌面粉和油做成的面
团，这种食物难以消化。
“吃这种食物就不饿了，”他说道。
当局估计，在西班牙南部安达卢西亚省的这片树林里生活着约
1
万名移民。这一地区以生产草莓、树
莓和蓝莓闻名。而在盛产橄榄油、橙子和蔬菜的地区
也有数千名移民。他们中大部分人的境遇都与雅罗相
似。
从公路上远远望去，他们的简易居所看起来就像是掩藏在树林里的圆顶冰屋，可等走近再看，
则是一
片狼藉，肮脏不堪：垃圾堆积如山，苍蝇到处乱飞，树枝上挂着破旧的衣服，经过
泥土和雨水的浸泡，衣
服都硬邦邦的。
迪亚哥﹒卡纳梅洛（
Diego
Ca
ñamero
）是安达安达卢西亚的农场工会领袖，该工会也在为这些<
/p>
移民工人争取权益。卡纳梅洛说，“他们住的地方各种害虫应有尽有：大鼠、蛇、小耗子和
跳蚤。”
即便如此，生活在这里的人们在给国内的家人打电话
时也都不会实情以告。他们寄回家的光鲜照片都
是站在街上停着的梅赛德斯车旁拍的，就
连雅罗自己若干年前也曾对这样的照片信以为真。现在，他冲住
在这里的邻居直摇头，因
为他们不愿接受记者采访。
“太多的谎言！”他说道，“他们
这样做很不好，但是他们自己的情况也确实令人尴尬。”
但即
便如此，
雅罗也不会考虑回国。
他说，
“我宁愿死在这里，
也不愿空手回去，
如果就这样回去了，
人们就会说，?阿玛窦，你怎么混成这样了？
?
他们都以为欧洲遍地是黄金。”
移民几乎清一色都是男子
，他们按照国籍抱团，到农场找工作。但是，卡纳梅洛说，他们能找到的工
作都是喷洒农
药等一些苦差事，报酬也微不足道。大部分移民工人都没有雇用证明。
警察偶尔会动用推土机拆除这些简易居所。不过，这些靠家里人毕生的积蓄才来到欧洲的移民其生活
条件之恶劣在周边村庄早已是公开的秘密，所以，警察通常也不会找他们麻烦。
Section 2:
汉译英
In
the
past
ten
years,
China's
economy
has
made
significant
advance
and
its
contribution
to
world
economic
growth
has
been
growing.
China's
average
tariff
level
has
dropped
from
15.3
percent
to 9.8 percent, which is lower than the WTO
requirement for developing countries.
Its
total
imports
in
this
period
have
reached
8.5
trillion
U.S.
dollars,
creating
a
huge
market
for
other
countries.
In
the
face
of
the
complex
and
volatile
global
economic
environment,
China
has
taken
targeted
measures
this
year
to
strengthen
and
improve
macro
control,
with
focus
on stabilizing prices,
adjusting the economic structure, ensuring
people's well-being, and
promoting
harmony. The Chinese economy is driven more by its
internal dynamism than policy
stimulus.
And it is moving in the direction consistent with
the objectives of macro control.
To
sustain
the
sound
momentum of
China's
economic and social
development, we
will
continue
to
pursue
development
in
a
scientific
way
and
redouble
efforts
to
shift
the
growth
model.
We
will
continue
to
strengthen
and
improve
macro
control,
and
maintain
a
balance
between
achieving
steady
and fast economic growth, adjusting the
economic structure and managing inflation
expectation.
Putting
people's
interests
first
and
taking
a
holistic
approach
to
development,
we
will
work
harder
to achieve all-round, balanced and
sustainable development, deepen reform and
opening-up, and
improve
people's
well-being.
We
will
have
a
bright
prospect
for
the
Chinese
economy.
And
continued
steady and fast
economic growth in China will serve the interest
of global economic growth.
2011
年
11
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
试题部分：
Section
1: English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
This
month,
the
United
Nations
Development
Program
made water
and sanitation
the
centerpiece
of
its flagship publication,
the Human Development Report.
Claims of
a
attract
attention.
But
what
are
the
economics
behind
the
problem,
and
how
can
it
be
fixed?
In
countries
that
have
trouble
delivering
clean
water
to
their
people,
a
lack
of
infrastructure
is
often
the
culprit.
People
in
areas
that
are
not
served
by
public
utilities
have
to
rely
on
costlier
ways
of
getting
water,
such as itinerant
water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as
the water sources get costlier,
the
water
itself
tends
to
be
more
dangerous.
Water
piped
by
utilities
-
to
the
rich
and
the
poor
alike
- is usually cleaner than water trucked
in or collected from an outdoor tank.
The problem exists not only in rural
areas but even in big cities like Manila and
Jakarta, said
Hakan
Bjorkman,
program
director
of
the
UN
agency
in
Thailand.
Further,
subsidies
made
to
local
water
systems often end up benefiting people
other than the poor, he added.
The
agency
proposes
a
three-step
solution.
First,
make
access
to
20
liters,
or
5
gallons,
of
clean
water
a
day
a
human
right.
Next,
make
local
governments
accountable
for
delivering
this
service.
Last,
invest in
infrastructure to link people to water mains. The
report says governments, especially in
developing
countries,
should
spend
at
least
1
percent
of
gross
domestic
product
on
water
and
sanitation.
It also recommends that foreign aid be
more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this
approach
relies
heavily
on
government
intervention,
something
Bjorkman
readily
acknowledged.
But
there
are
some
market-based approaches as well.
By
offering
cut-
rate
connections
to
poor
people
to
the
water
mainline,
the
private
water
utility
in
Abidjan,
Ivory
Coast,
has
steadily
increased
access
to
clean
water,
according
to
the
agency
’
s
report.
A subsidy may not
even be necessary, despite the
agency
’
s proposals, if a
country can harness the
economic
benefits of providing clean water.
People who receive clean water are much
less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a
common
malady
in
the
developing
world
-
and
much
more
likely
to
enjoy
long,
productive,
taxpaying
lives
that
can
benefit their host countries. So if a government
is trying to raise financing to invest in new
infrastructure, it might find receptive
ears in private credit markets - as long as it can
harness
the return. Similarly, private
companies may calculate that it is worth bringing
clean water to an
area if its residents
are willing to pay back the investment over many
years.
In the meantime, some local
solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman
said, some small
communities are taking
challenges like water access upon themselves.
groups to leverage what little
resources they have to help their
communities,
’
s
especially
true
out
in
the
rural
areas.
They
invest
their
money
in
revolving
funds
and
saving
schemes,
and they invest
themselves to improve their villages.
and replicate them in other countries,
though. Assembling a broad menu of different
approaches can
be the first step in
finding the right solution for a given region or
country.
Section 2:
Chinese-
English
Translation(
汉译英
)
(40
points)
Translate
the
following
passage
into
English. The time for
this section is 60 minutes.
即使遇到丰收年景，对中
国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。
中国政府面临许多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中，平均每年有
66.7
万公顷耕地被城
市扩建、工业发展以及
公路建设工程占用，另有
1
万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。
中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚
至撂荒。同时，农业基础设施损耗严重，
三分之二的灌溉设施需要整修。
由于农民为增加收入而改种经济作物，
农业生产方式
正在转变。
过去十几年，
全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均
每年增加
130
万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小
麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。
中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事，
投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改进
农田灌溉基础设施。
近年来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府采取此项措施以提高农民
种粮的积极性。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
本月，联合国发展规划将水利
和公共设施列为其高端出版物――人类发展报告的核心内容。
在一些地方穷人比富人支付的水费要多，因此关于“水隔离制度”的主张应当引起关注。但是问题背
后的经济如何？怎么解决这一问题？一些国家不能为人们提供纯净水，究其原因常常是缺乏基础设施 。在
不能依靠公共设施供水的地方，人们需要需要通过昂贵的方式来获取水资源，例如卡
车循环运送水或者长
途跋涉到水井取水。水资
源越昂贵，水质似乎越劣质，这是自相矛盾的。由公共设施运送到千家万户的水
（穷人和富人同等对待）常常比从户外蓄水池中得来的水要干净。
哈坎·
比约克曼是联合国泰国事务处的计划主管，
他说，这一问题不仅仅存在于乡村地区，甚至是在
大城市也是如此。此
外，他补充道，当地水利机构提供的补助最终受益人是除了穷人以外的人民群众。
<
/p>
该事务处提出了一项三步走解决方案。
第一步是使每天获得
20
升
（或者
5
加仑）
纯净水成为一项公
民权利。
第二步是促使地方政府
义务提供这项服务。
第三步是在人们和水路总线之间引进基础设施进
行
联接。该项报告称，政府，尤其是在发展中国家，应当至少花费
GDP
的
1%
用于水源
和公共设施。它同时强
调，
外国援助要更直接用于解决这些问题
。
很明显，
这一方法主要依靠政府干预，
比约克曼很认同这一点。
当然也存在一些基于市场的举措。
据事务处的报告，科特迪瓦的首都阿比让提供打了折扣的管道联系穷人和水路总线，其民
间水利设施
逐渐增加了纯净水供应。如果国家能利用供给纯净水的经济益处，甚至可能不
再需要补助，尽管这是事务
处的提议。
获得纯净水的人们更不容易死于由水传播的疾病，因而更长寿、更富足，并且所纳税款有利于他们的
国家，然而在发展中国家存在这样一个普遍的弊端。因此如果政府尽力提高资金引进新基础设施，那 么它
将在民间信贷市场获得良好声誉，前提是它能充分利用这一回报。同样的，私营企业
可能会估算，如果当
地居民乐意长期回报这一投资，将纯净水引入某一地区这一举措是很
有价值的。
获得纯净水的人们更不容易死于由水传播的疾病，
因而更长寿、更富足，并且所纳税款有利于他们的
国家，然而在发展中国家存在这样一个
普遍的弊端。因此如果政府尽力提高资金引进新基础设施，那么它
将在民间信贷市场获得
良好声誉，前提是它能充分利用这一回报。同样的，私营企业可能会估算，如果当
地居民
乐意长期回报这一投资，将纯净水引入某一地区这一举措是很有价值的。
Section 2:
汉译英
For China, it is still an arduous task
to feed one-fifth population of the world with
seven percents field on the earth, even
in a good harvest year.
The Chinese
government is faced with many challenges, one of
the most serious is the
cultivated
area
loses.
In
the
past
several
years,
0.667
million
hectares
cultivated
areas
were
averagely used to
expand the city, develop industries and road
construction programs every
year, and
other one billion square metres were swallowed by
the desert.
The level of water
in the northern China has fallen, so that the
farmers had no choice
but to plant
crops that are drought-enduring and grown in the
earth , even plant nothing in
the
field. In the meantime, the agricultural
infrastructure was caused loss seriously and
two-thirds irrigation facilities needed
to be fixed.
The pattern of the
agricultural production is undergoing
transformation because the
farmers
have
planted
industrial
crops
instead
to
increase
incomes.
In
the
last
decades
of
years,
the area under fruit and vegetables
averagely increased 1.3 million hectares year by
year.
So
the
yield
of
rice,
corn
and
wheat
decreased
rapidly.
China
became
a
net
export
country
instead
of a net import country.
The
Chinese government has given the greatest priority
to the agricultural reform and
invested
a large amount of money to raise the prices of
wheat and rice, as well as improved
irrigation
infrastructure
for
fields.
In
recent
years,
the
price
of
agricultural
products
has
increased steadily and
the Chinese government has taken the measure to
raise the activity of
farmers to plant
grains.
2011
年
5
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
试题部分：
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
TONEHENGE,
England
—
The
prehistoric
monument
of
Stonehenge
stands
tall
in
the
British
countryside as one of the last remnants
of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become
the latest
symbol of another era: the
new fiscal austerity.
Renovations
—
including
a
plan
to
replace
the
site
’
s
run-down
visitors
center
with
one
almost
five times bigger and
to close a busy road that runs along the
5,000-year-old monument
—
had to be
mothballed in June. The
British government had suddenly withdrawn
￡
10 million, or $$16 million,
in
financing for the project as part of
a budget squeeze.
Stonehenge, once a
temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle
to mark the passage of the
sun,
is
among
the
most
prominent
victims
of
the
government
’
s
spending
cuts.
The
decision
was
heavily
criticized by local
lawmakers,
especially
because Stonehenge,
a
Unesco
World
Heritage site, was
part
of
London
’
s successful bid to
host the 2012 Olympic Games. The shabby visitors
center there now is
already too small
for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each
year, let alone the additional
onslaught of tourists expected for the
Games, the lawmakers say.
Stonehenge
is
the
busiest
tourist
attraction
in
Britain
’
s
southwest,
topping
even
Windsor
Castle.
But no major
improvements have been made to the facilities
there since they were built 40 years ago.
For now, portable toilets lead from a
crammed parking lot, via a makeshift souvenir shop
in a tent,
to a ticket office opposite
a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.
The
overhaul
was
scheduled
for
next
spring.
Plans
by
the
architectural
firm
Denton
Corker
Marshall
would keep the
stone monument itself unchanged. But the current
ticket office and shop would be
demolished and a new visitors center
would be built on the other side of the monument,
about two and
a half kilometers, or 1.5
miles, from the stones. The center would include a
shop almost five times
the size
of
the
current
one,
a proper
restaurant, three times as many
parking
spots and an
exhibition
space to provide more
information about
Stonehenge
’
s history.
A transit
system would
shuttle
visitors
between
the
center and the
stones
while footpaths
would
encourage tourists to
walk to the monument and explore the surrounding
burial hills. The closed road
would be
grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.
Last
year,
the
￡
27
million
project
won
the
backing
of
former
Prime
Minister
Gordon
Brown.
After
more than 25 years of
bickering with local communities about how and
where to build the new center,
planning
permission was granted in January. Construction
was supposed to start next year and be
completed in time for the Olympics
—
but the economic downturn
has changed those plans.
The new prime
minister,
David Cameron, has reversed
many
of his
predecessor
’
s promises as
part
of a program to cut more than
￡
99 billion annually over
the next five years to help close a gaping
budget
deficit.
The
financing
for
Stonehenge
fell
in
the
first
round
of
cuts,
worth
about
￡
6.2
billion,
from
the
budget
for
the
current
year,
along
with
support
for
a
hospital
and
the
British
Film
Institute.
English Heritage,
a partly government-financed organization that
owns Stonehenge and more than
400 other
historic sites in the country, is now aggressively
looking for private donations. But the
economic downturn has made the endeavor
more difficult.
Hunched
over
architectural
renderings
of
the
new
center,
Loraine
Knowles,
Stonehenge
’
s
project
director,
said
she
was
disappointed
that
the
government
had
withdrawn
money
while
continuing
to
support
museums in London,
like the Tate and the British Museum. But Ms.
Knowles said she was hopeful that
English Heritage could raise the money
elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also
become
“
a
shining
example of how philanthropy could
work.
”
Section
2:
Chinese-English
Translation (
汉译英
)
(40
points)
Translate
the
following
passage
into
English. The time for
this section is 60 minutes.
2010
年
9
月
7
日国家副主席习近平在联合国贸发会的发言
坚持对外开放
基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开放
30
多年来中
国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资
，促进“引资”与“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放
的重要内容。
截至
2010
年
< br>7
月，中国累计设立外商投资企业
69.8
万家，实际使用外资
1.05
万亿美元。目前中国<
/p>
22%
的
税收、
28%
的工业增加值、
55%
的进出口
、
50%
的技术引进、约
4500
万人的就业，都来自外商投资企业的贡献。对
外开放、
吸引外资是互利共赢的。
对中国来说，
通过持续吸引
外资为国家现代化建设提供了必要的资金、
先进的
技术和宝贵的
管理经验以及众多国际化人才。
对外商投资企业来说，
则赢得了
可观的投资回报，
不少在华外商投
资企业成为其母公司全球业务
的增长亮点和利润中心。
联合国贸发会议最新调查显示，
目前中
国依然是全球最具
吸引力的投资东道国。
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