研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译

Unit Five

The term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which mean

s yoke or union. Traditionally, yoga is a method joining

the individual self with the Divine, Universal Spirit, or

CosmicConsciousness. Physical and mental exercises ar

e designed to help achieve this goal, also called self- tran

scendence or enlightenment. On the physical level yoga

postures, called asanas, are designed to tone, strengthen,

and align me body. These postures are performed to ma

ke the spine supple and healthy and to promote blood fl

ow to all the organs, glands, and tissues, keeping all the

bodily systems healthy. On the mental level, yoga uses b

reathing techniques (pranayama) and meditation (dydna

)to quiet, clarify, and discipline the mind. However, exp

erts are quick to point out that yoga is not a religion, but

away of living with health and peace of mind as its aim

s.

“

瑜伽

< br>”

这个词源于梵语，意思是

“

结 合

”

或

“

联< /p>

合

”

传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，

万物之灵或无穷的意

识联合在一起的方法。为了帮助达到这个也被称 为

“

自

我超 越

”

或

“

启蒙

”

的目的，设计了身体上和精神上的

锻 炼方法。

在身体上，

设计了各种瑜伽姿势来使人的

身体结实、强壮，

有协调性，练习这些体位能使脊柱

变得柔软健康，

血液更通畅地到达各器官、

腺或人体

从而使身体各系统更健康穹在精神上，

瑜伽 使

用呼吸法和冥想使心境平和、

澄净，精神得到很好的

修养。

但是专家们很快指出瑜伽不是一种宗教，

而是

将健康与平和的心境结合在一起的一种生活方式。

YOGA IN AMERICA

(Douglas Dupler)

瑜伽在美国道格拉斯

·

多普勒

1.

Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the long

est surviving philosophical systems in the world. Some

scholars have estimated that yoga is as old as 5,000 year

s; artifacts detailing yoga postures have been found in In

dia from over 3,000 B.C. Yogis claim that it is a highly

developed science of healthy living that has been tested

and perfected for all these years. Yoga was first brought

to America in the late 1800s when Swami Vivekananda,

an Indian teacher and yogi, presented a lecture on medit

ation in Chicago. Yoga slowly began gaining followers,

and flourished during the 1960s when there was a surge

of interest in Eastern philosophy. There has since been a

vast exchange of yoga knowledge in America, with ma

ny students going to India to study and many Indian exp

erts coming here to teach, resulting in the establishment

of a wide variety of schools. Today, yoga is thriving, an

d it has become easy to find teachers and practitioners t

hroughout America. A recent Roper poll, commissioned

by Yoga Journal, found that 11 million Americans do yo

ga at least occasionally

arly. Yoga stretches are used by physical therapists and

professional sports teams, and the benefits of yoga are b

eing touted by movie stars and Fortune 500 executives.

Many prestigious schools of medicine have studied and

introduced yoga techniques as proven therapies for illne

ss and stress. Some medical schools, like UCLA, even o

ffer yoga classes as part of their physician training progr

am.

17

1.

瑜伽起源于古印度，是世界上最古老的哲学体系之一。

一些学者估计 ，

瑜伽至少有

5,000

年的历史；< /p>

印度曾出

土过

3,000

年前的表现瑜伽姿势的手工艺品。瑜伽师

们认为，

经过 几千年的考验和完善，

瑜伽已经发展成

为一门养生的成熟科学。

19

世纪晚期，印度学者、

瑜伽师斯瓦 米

·

维韦卡南达在芝加哥做了一场关于冥

想的演讲，

从此瑜伽传人了美国。

慢慢地有人开始练

习瑜伽，

并在

20

世纪

60

年代东方哲学热盛行的时候

形成了 学习瑜伽的高潮。

从此，

瑜伽知识在美国传播

< br>开来，

许多学徒专程前往印度学习，

很多印度瑜伽师

也来到美国教学，

创办了大量瑜伽学校。

今

天

的

美

国

，

瑜

伽

已

十

分

盛

行

，

瑜

伽

教

< br>练

和

练

习

者

随

处

可

见

。

最

近

一

项

由

《瑜

伽月刊》

委托洛普民调机构所做的调查显示，

有

1,100

万

的美国人至少会偶尔做一次瑜伽，

另有

600

万的美国

人会经常 做瑜伽。

瑜伽已被广泛应用于身体治疗和专

业运动队的日常训练 ，

做瑜伽的好处也被电影明星和

《财富》

杂志世界

500

强企业的总裁们争相吹捧。

< br>许

多医学名校已经研究并提出能够有效缓解疾病和压

力的 瑜伽术了。

包括加州大学洛杉矶分校在内的一些

医学院甚至还为 内科医学专业的学生开设了瑜伽课

程。

2 There are several different schools of hatha yoga in A

merica; the two most prevalent ones are Iyengar and As

htanga yoga. Iyengar yoga was founded by B.K.S. Iyen

gar, who is widely considered as one of the great living i

nnovators of yoga. Iyengar yoga puts strict emphasis on

form and alignment, and uses traditional hatha yoga tec

hniques in new manners and sequences. Iyengar yoga ca

n be good for physical therapy because it allows the use

of props like straps and blocks to make it easier for som

e people to get into the yoga postures. Ashtanga yoga ca

n be a more vigorous routine, using a flowing and dance

-like sequence of hatha postures to generate body heat,

which purifies the body through sweating and deep brea

thing.

2

美国有 许多不同的哈他

(

传统

)

瑜伽学派，

其中影响最

大的是艾扬格派和阿斯汤加派 。艾扬格瑜伽的创立者

是波

·

可

·

斯

·

艾扬格，他是 世界上目前仍健在的最伟

大的瑜伽改革者之一。

艾扬格瑜伽十分 注重姿势的精

准，它采用新的方式和顺序练习传统瑜伽。艾扬格

瑜伽有助于身体治疗，

因为它允许练习者使用瑜伽

伸展带、

瑜伽砖等辅助器材来减少做瑜伽动作的难

度。阿斯汤加瑜伽有着更精 准的要求，练习者要用

舞蹈般流畅的动作来练习传统瑜伽，从而使身体发

热，并通过出汗和深呼吸来净化自己的身体。

3 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to t

wo or more hours, with one hour being a good time inve

stment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditati

on. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and s

chool, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout,

and some routines merely stretch and align the body whi

le the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yo

ga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily

discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine,

offering deeper and more challenging positions as a prac

titioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can in

crease a person's strength, flexibility and sense of well-b

eing almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect

and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating

aspect of yoga for many.

3.

做瑜伽没有场地的限制，

一套瑜伽动作 通常需要

20

分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，

而一个小时左右的

时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。

根据瑜伽师

和学派的不同，

一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，

而另

一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展