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英语句子成分讲座
主语
句子一般要有主语。在简单句中
,主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式
(
短语
)
来充
当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常
用
it
作形式主语。
■名词作主语
English
is very important.
英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English
teacher.
这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
■代词作主语
They go to school by bus.
他们乘公共汽车上学。
Most
of the students come from the countryside.
大多数学生来自农村。
■动名词作主语
Watching
TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It
’
s no use regretting it.
后悔是无用的。
< br>■动词不定式
(
短语
)
作主语
To see is to
believe.
眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep.
入睡
谓语
谓语必须由动词充当,但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非
谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的
动词一般为行为动词
(
表动作
)
和连系动词
(
表状态
)
,行为动词根据其后是否可
直接接宾语,
又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语
We
should help each other.
我们应该互相帮助。
They
respect one another.
他们互相尊重
(
对方
)
。
All
of the students like the
novel.
所
有
这
些
学
生
都
喜
欢
这
本
小
说。
Did you see many people
there?
你在那儿看见许多人了吗
?
■不及物动词作谓语
He
left here yesterday.
他昨天离开这儿。
You
’
re driving
too fast.
你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand.
老
师
走
进
教
室
,
手
< br>里
拿
着
书。
He went abroad in the September of 1988.
他于
1988
年
9
月出国。
■连系动词表状态
He is
an excellent teacher.
他是位优秀的教师。
Her
son is a friend of ours.
她的儿子是我们的朋友。
Ours
is a great country.
我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。
The box itself is not so heavy.
箱子本身并不重。
表语
表语与连系动词连用,构成系
表结构,说明主语的身份或特征,一般由形容词、名词、动名
词词、动词不定式、分词等
充当。如:
They are brother and
sister.
他们是兄妹。
Her father is sixty-five.
她父
亲
65
岁。
.
.
John is
captain of the team.
约翰是足球队的队长。
The
poor boy was myself.
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
All you need do is to take a taxi from
the airport.
你
只
需<
/p>
从
机
场
打
个
的
即
可。
My favourite sport is swimming.
我最喜爱的运动是游泳。
宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象,一般
可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、
动名词、动词不定式或整个
句子。如:
I like Chinese food.
我喜欢中国菜。
I bought
a ticket for Milan.
我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I
enjoyed talking to you.
我和你谈话很高兴。
Have
you finished dressing?
你衣服穿好了吗
?
He
certainly did not want to join them.
他<
/p>
确
实
不
想
参
加
他
们
的
活
动。
They
decided to close the border.
他们决定封闭边境。
We
hoped that all would come well.
我们希望一切都会好转。
We
expected that you would stay for a few days.
我们预计你会待几天的。
定语
定语
为句子的次要成分,
起修饰限制名词或代词的作用,
可分为前置
定语和后置定语。
一般
由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副
词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词
(
短语
)
或句子充
当。
His father is a doctor.
他父亲是一名医生。
Mr.
Green has two sons.
格林先生有两个儿子。
The
girl under the tree is Kate.
在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
The man downstairs
couldn
’
t sleep well.
楼
下
的
那
个
人
不
能
睡
好
觉。
I bought a
new dictionary.
我买了本新字典。
Can you find out the answer to the ques
tion
?
你
能
找
到
这
个
问
题
的
答
案
p>
吗?
Would you like something to
drink?
你想要些喝的东西吗?
A man going to die is always kind-
hearted.
人之将死,其言也善。
The suggestion sent to the committee
was adopted.
送往委员会的建议被采纳了。
Do you know the man who is standing
next to Mr. Green?
你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人
吗?
状语
英语中的状语用来修饰动词、
形容词或副词,主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充
当或由连词引导状语从句,
表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式,比较、让步、条件、原因、
结果、伴随等。
(1)
时间状语
I often get
up at 5:30 in the morning.
我常常在早上
5:30
起床。
Hearing the news, they felt very
excited.
听到这个消息,他们感到很兴奋。
(2)
地点状语
Pandas only live in China.
熊猫仅生活在中国。
(3)
目的状语
.
.
We
’
ll go to the
beach for a picnic this Sunday.
这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
He
took some change from his pocket to buy a
newspaper.
他
从
口
袋
里
掏
出
一
些
零
钱
来
买
报
纸。
< br> She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.
她早早地起床,以便能够赶上这辆早
班
车。
(4)
方式状语
We usually
go to school on foot.
我们通常步行去上学。
Please do it as I told you.
请按我告诉你的去做。
(5)
让步状语
Though she
has a lot of money, she is unhappy.
虽然她很有钱,而她并不幸福。
No matter what happens, I will never
lose heart.
无论发生什么,我将决不失去信心。
(6)
条件状语
If you don
’
t work
hard, you
’
ll fall behind the
others.
假如你不努力学习,你将落后于别
人。
Given more attention, the flowers would have grown
better.
如果给予更多的关心的话,这
些花将长得更好
。
(7)
原因状语
We
didn
’
t go to the park
because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好,我们没有去公园。
Being ill, he
didn
’
t go to school.
由于病了,他没有去上学。
(8)
结果状语
The wind
was so strong that we could hardly move forward. <
/p>
风是如此地猛烈,以致于我们寸步
难行。
He left early, so that he caught the
train.
他早早地离去,
(
结果
)
因此赶上了火车。
(9)
伴随状语
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine
box under his arm.
这位医生匆匆离去,
胳膊下夹着一个
药箱子。
The
teacher came into the classroom, followed by a
group of his students.
老师进到教室里来,
后
面跟着一群学生。
宾语补足语
宾语补足语主要用来补
充说明宾语,
与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系,
可
由名
词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如:
Tom found the climb quite easy.
汤姆觉得爬山很容易。
Please call me Jim.
不要这样正规,叫我吉姆好了。
You must keep it clean.
你要把它保持干净。
I have
the car waiting.
我让汽车等着。
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人修理了机器。
Why
don
’
t you have your hair
cut?
你为什么不理发
?
He had his finger cut.
他的手指弄伤了。
I had
my watch stolen yesterday.
我的表昨天被人偷去了。
She
has plenty of clothes to wear.
她有足够的衣服穿。
He
made me repeat the story.
他要我把那事重讲一遍。
Rain
makes plants grow.
雨水使植物生长。
注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有
call,
name, think, make, choose
等,后跟形容词作宾
语补足语的谓语动词有
keep, find, get,
think, make
等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语
动
词
为
感
官
动
词
(
如<
/p>
feel, see, hear, notice, watch,
observe, listen to, look at
等
)
,
使
役
动
词
.