-
It
用法
i
t
既可作人称代词,用来表示动物或无生命的物体等,也可以作无人称代词,在句中作主
语,表示
“
时
间
”
、
“
距离
”
、
“
天气
”
等。它还可以引导强调句,使语气得以加强。此外,
it
在句中能作引导词,充当句子
中的形式上的成分,如形式主语、形式宾
语等。
的最基本用法是作代词,主要
指刚提到的事物,以避免重复
:
也可以指动物或婴儿或
未知
的人
打电话;敲门等
They got a baby and it was a ten-
pounder.
Who is it speaking?
Who is it
there? It's I
(
me
/you/he.....).
2
也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景
:
也可泛泛的指某件事:
(
有时泛指一般情况
)
I
hate
it
when people talk
with a full mouth.
I like
it
when
the sun is shining and the shy is blue.
I have nothing
to do with
it
.
It doesn’t matter
.
How is it
going?(
情况怎样
)
3. i
t
有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度等:
a.
指天气:
It is a lovely day,
isn’t
it?
b.
指时间
: What time
is it
by
your watch?
c.
指日期
: It is
April First today.
d.
指距离
:It is
some
3000 kilometers from
Beijing to Guangzhou.
e.
指价值
: It is three dollars.
f.
指温度
:Today it is 39 degrees
centigrade.
其他用法
作形式主语,替代主语从句,动词不定式,或动名词短语:
作形式主语替代主语从句
①
It
is +
adj
(clear ,
obvious
,
true
,
possible
,
certain....) that
从句
该句型中
it
是形式主语,真正的主语是
that
引导的主语从句,常译为"清楚(显然,真的,肯
定.
.
.
)"是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
例如:
It is very clear that
he
’
s round and tall like a
tree.
= That
he
’
s round and tall like a
tree is very clear.
It was clear that
they had no desire for peace.
很清楚他们没有和平的诚意
②
It is
important(vital); necessary(essential);
strange(odd, absurd);
natural…
that…
”that
后的从句中要
用虚拟语气(
should +
动词原形)
,
should
可以省去
p>
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。
由于主句中的形容词不同,
that
后的从句中要用虚拟语气
(
should
+
动词原形)
,
should
可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。
例如:
It is
important that we (should) learn English well.
It is necessary that he (should)
remember these words.
③
It is
+
过去分词
+
that
+
从句
It is said
(reported/ learned/believed/thought/well-
known/told/hoped; agreed/ rumored.....) that
从句
常译为"据说(据报道,据悉.
.
.
)
该句型中的
it
仍是形式主语,
真正主语是
that
引导的主语从句。
该结构常译为"据说
(据报道,
据悉.
.
.
)"。
例如:
It is
said that he has come to Beijing.
It is
reported that another earth satellite has been put
into orbit.
③
It is suggested/ proposed/ advised/
recommended/ ordered/ insisted/ demanded/
commanded.. that..
should
do
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求
,建议,命令等词时,
that
后的
从句要用虚拟语气(
should
+
动词原形)
,
should
p>
可以省。常译为"据建议;有命令.
.
.<
/p>
)
例如:
It
is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put
off.
It was ordered that we ( should )
arrive there in two hours.
④
It is (about; great; good;high) time
that
从句
(
虚拟语气
:
动词
用过去
时
)
该句型中
that
后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是
①
常用过去时态表示虚拟.
②
有时也用
should +
动词原形,
should
不能省。常
译为"是(正是)
.
.
.的时侯.
p>
.
."。
例如:
It is (high) time you
made
up your mind.
I
t is time that children
should go to bed. = It is time that children went
to bed.
⑤
It is the first (
second ... ) time that
从句
(
从句用现在完成时
have done )
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的
that
从句不用虚拟语气,而用
完成时态。至于用
什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后
面从句用现在完成时态;
如果是一般过去时,
后面从句则用过去
完成时态。
该结构中
that
p>
可以省去;
it
有时用
this
替换.
常
译为"是第一(二)
.
.
.次.
.
."。
例如:
It is the first time I
have been here.
= This is the first time I
have been here.
⑥
It is a pity (
a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a
surprise/... )
that
从句
…
该句型中,
that
后的从句一般用虚拟语气(
should +
动词原
形)
,
should
可省去.表示出乎
意料,
常译为"竟然"。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
例如:
It is a pity that such a
thing ( should ) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上,
真是遗憾!
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了,真遗憾!
It is a
shame that the rain spoiled our picnic
.
真可惜,这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了
It is a fact that English is being
accepted as international language.
英语被认
为是国际语言,
这是
一个事实
⑦
It (so) happens
that
…
It seems
that
…
It occurs to sb
that= It strikes sb that..
例如:
It happened (so happened)
that he met his teacher in the street.
碰巧.
.
It seems that he will be back in a few
days.
看来.
.
.
It suddenly occurred to me that I knew
how to solve that problem.
我忽然想起我知道怎样解
p>
决那个问题
作形式主语替代不定式
⑴
It
’
s
+ adj +
of
sb to
do sth
不定式的逻辑主语是由
of
引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。
常
见的词有
bad
,
brave
,
careless
,
clever
,
cruel
,
foolish
,
good
(好心的)
,
honest
,
horrible
,
kind
,
lazy
,
modest
,
naughty
,
nice
(有教养的)
,
polite
,
rude
,
silly
,
stupid
,
wise
,
wrong
(错误的)等。
这个句型可以改写为:
sb.
be+ adj to do sth
例如:
It is kind of you to say
so.
= You are kind to say
so.
⑵
It
’
s
+ adj +
for
sb to do
不定式的逻辑主语是由
for
引起,主句中的形容词通
常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全
等情况的中性形容词。
常见的形容词有:
important
,
necessary
,
natural easy
,
safe
,
common
,
normal
,
hard
,
difficult
,
dangerous
,
unusual
,
rare
,
impossible
,
pleasant
It is important for
her to come to the party.
⑶
It takes sb. ... to do sth.
译为:
做
.
.
.要花费某人.
.
.
"
例如:
It took thousands of
people many years to build the Great Wall.
作形式主语替代动名词短语
◆
It is no good / no use /
useless doing sth.
常译为
“
┅
有好处或没有用
”
常限于
no good, no use, useless,
waste
等词的后面。
例如:①
It is no good/ use
having a car if you can’t drive.
如果你不会开车,有车也没用
②
It is a waste of time
watching TV
.
看电视是浪费时间。
③
It is no use asking
him.
问他没有用。
④
It is no use
talking to him about it.
和他谈这事没有用。
◆
It is no wonder
that
?
难怪?
在该句型中如果用肯定形式,
表示
“真奇怪,
真是令人惊讶”
;
wonder
前的
no
还可以用
small
等词替换,在
口语中,
It is
?
..
that
可以省略。
例如:
It is a wonder that he
reused such a good offer.
真奇怪,他拒绝了这样好的帮助。
It is no wonder that he
didn
’
t want to go.
=
No wonder he
didn
’
t want to go.
难怪他不愿去。
作形式宾语,代替不定式,动名词短语或宾语从句。
●
该句型中的
it
作形式宾语,该结构中常用的动词有:
think,
believe, make ,find consider,
feel
;
如
:
Sb find/
think/ feel/
consider/believe/make
…
it +
adj/ n to do sth
Sb have made it a rule
to do sth
该句型中的
it
作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“
6123
结构
”
。
6
指主句中常用的动词:
think, believe,
make, find, consider, feel
;
1
指的是形式宾语
it
;
2
指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;
3
指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或<
/p>
that
引导的宾语从
句
例如:
We think
it
our duty
to
clean
our classroom every day.
The Internet makes
it
easier for companies to keep in touch
with customers.
They found
it
difficult
that
they would finish their work in two
days.