高等学院研究生英语上reading more中英对照翻译

即使是两人之间互相发泄的怒火，

到头来反倒成了促成他们关系稳

固的砖墙。在周围世界土崩瓦解的时候，他们稳固的关系 却日益显露出来。

In the early morning I once again heard the voices through the wall. “Where are we?” My father

asked. “I don’t know,” my mother replied softly.

第二天淸晨，隔着墙壁，我 又听到他们的声音。父亲问道：

“

我们在哪儿

< br>?”

母亲轻声回答说：

“

我不知 道。

”

How lucky they are, I thought, to have each other.

我在想，他们多么幸运，因为他们拥有彼此。

Unit 5 Stress and Health

Stress affects everyone to some degree. In fact, approximately 67% of adults indicate that they

experience “great stress” at least one day a week. Stressors, the sources of stress, come i

n many

forms, and even positive life events can increase our stress levels.

每个人或多或少都会受到压力的影响。

实际上 ，

大约

67%

的成年人表示他们每周至 少有一天

会感到

“

巨大的压力

”

。压力的来源各种各样，就连生活中积极的事情都会让我们倍感压力。

At moderate levels, stress can motivate us to reach our goals and keep life interesting. However,

when stressors are severe or chronic, our bodies may not be able to adapt successfully. Stress can

compromise immune functioning, leading to a host of diseases of adaptation. In fact, stress has

been linked to between 50% and 70% of all illnesses. Further, stress is associated with negative

health

behavior,

such

as

alcohol

and

other

drug

use,

and

to

psychological

problems,

such

as

depression and anxiety. Although all humans have the same physiological system for responding

to

stress,

stress

reactivity

varies

across

individuals.

In

addition,

the

way

we

think

about

or

perceive stressful situations has a significant impact on how our bodies respond. Thus

，

there are

large individual differences in responses to stress.

适度的压力能激励我们为目标而奋斗并使 我们的生活充满乐趣。然而当压力过大并持

续出

现时，

我们的身体或许就不能适应了。

压力会危及免 疫功能并导致一系列新陈代谢紊乱等病

症。事实上，

50%

到

70%

的疾病都与压力有关。另外，压力 也与酗酒、吸毒等不良行为以及

忧郁焦虑等心理问题密切相关。虽然人类面对压力做出反 应的生理

系统是相同的，但是不

同的 个体却有着不同的反应行为。而且我们思考和感知压力的

方式 也会影响我们的身体对

压力产生的反应。因此，个体对压力的反应是非常不同的。

This section will review the concepts, causes and consequences of stress. Figure 1 illustrates the

many factors involved in individual reactions to stress. First, stressors, such as daily hassles and

major life events, will be described. Then the physiological response to stress and impact of these

effects

on

physical

and

mental

health

will

be

reviewed.

Finally

individual

differences

in

physiological

and

cognitive

responses

to

stress

and

the

implications

of

these

individual

differences for health and wellness will be discussed.

这一节将回顾压力的概念，其产生的原因和后果。图

1

列出了影 响个体对压力做出反

应的

因素。

首先列出的是压力的来源，

比如日常口角和人生大事。

然后探讨的是人们对压力做出

的生理反应以及由此带来的对人身心的影响。< /p>

最后讨论的则是人们对压力做出的生理反应和

认知反应的个体差异 以及这些差异给身心健康带来的影响。

The first step in managing stress is to recognize the causes and to be aware of the symptoms. You

need to recognize the factors in your life that cause stress. Identify the things that make you feel

“stressed out”. Everything from minor irritations, such as traffic jams, to major life change, such

as births, deaths, or job loss, can be stressors. A stress overload of too many demands on your

time can make you feel that you are no longer in control. You may feel so overwhelmed that you

become depressed. Recognizing the causes and effects of stress is important for learning how to

manage it.

应对压力的第一步是认清压力产生的原因和压力过大时表现出的症状。

你需要知道生活中的

哪些因素会使你感受到压力，

并找出那些让你

“

倍受压力

”

的事物。

从交通堵塞这样的恼人小

事到出生、

死亡或失业等重大的人生变化，

每件事情都可能成为压力的来源 。

同时有太多事

要做时，

压力会让你感 到力不从心，

甚至极度沮丧。

认清压力产生的原因和带来的结果 有助

于我们更好地应对压力。

Stress has a variety of sources. There are many kinds of stresses. Environmental stressors include

heat, noise, overcrowding, climate, and terrain. Physiological stressors are such things as drugs,

caffeine, tobacco, injury, infection or disease, and physical effort.

压力的来源多种多样 ，压力的种类也各不相同。环境压力源包括炎热、吵闹、熙攘的人群、

气候和地势。生理 压力源则包括各种药品、咖啡因、烟草、受伤、传染病或疾病，以及身体

劳累。

Emotional stressors are the most frequent and important stressors. Some people refer to these as

psychosocial stressors. These include life-changing events, such as a change in work hours or line

of work, family illnesses, deaths of relatives or friends, and increased responsibilities. In school,

pressures such as grades, term papers, and oral presentations induce stress.

最 常见和最重要的是情绪压力源。

一些人也将它称作社会心理压力源。

它包括改变生活的各

种事件，例如工作时间变更或转换行业、

家人生病、亲朋好友去世以及责任增加。

对学生来

说，成绩、 考试和课堂讲演都会带来压力。

Stressors

vary

in

severity.

Because

stressors

vary

in

magnitude

and

duration,

many

experts

categorize

them

by

severity.

Major

stressors

create

major

emotional

turmoil

or

require

tremendous

amounts

of

adjustment.

This

category

includes

personal

crises

(e.g.

major

health

problems

or

death

in

the

family,

divorce/separation,

financial

problems,

legal

problems)

and

job/school-related

pressures

or

major

age-related

transition

(e.g.

college,

marriage,

career,

retirement).

Minor

stressors

are

generally

viewed

as

shorter-term

or

less

severe. This

category

includes

events

or

problems

such

as

traffic

hassles

peer/work

relations,

time

pressures,

and

family

squabbles.

Major

stressors

can

alter

daily

patterns

of

stress

and

impair

our

ability

to

handle

the

minor

stressors

of

life,

while

minor

stressors

can

accumulate

and

create

more

significant problems. It is important to be aware of both types of stressors,

压力源的严重程度也各不相同。

因为压力源在强弱程度和持续时间上都有变化，

所以许多专

家都按照严重程度来区分它们。

主 要的压力源会导致大的情绪起伏，

需要进行大的情绪调整。

这一 类的压力源包括个人危机

(

如：家人的重大健康问题或去世、离 婚／分居、金融危机、

触犯法律等

)

和 工作／学习危机或成长过渡期的变化

(

如：上大学、结婚、工作 、退休等

)

。次

要的压力源往往持续时 间较短或程度较弱。

这一类的压力源包括如交通争执、

与同龄人 ／同

事的关系、

时间压力和家庭口角等问题。

< br>主要压力源会影响我们每天的压力状况，

并削弱我

们应对 生活中次要压力的能力，

而次要压力源的积累也可能会导致一些更大的问题出现。

人

们必须清楚地认识这两种压力源。

Negative, ambiguous, and uncontrollable events are usually the most stressful. Although stress

can come from both positive and negative events, negative ones generally cause more distress

because

negative

stressors

usually

have

harsher

consequences

and

little

benefit.

Positive

stressors, on the other hand, usually have enough benefit to make them worthwhile. For example,

although the stress of getting ready for a wedding may be tremendous, it is not as bad as the

negative stress associated with losing a job.

负面、

莫名其妙和不可控制的事情往往会给人带 来最大的压力。

虽然正面事件和负面事件都

会带来压力，

但是一般说来，

负面事件带来的压力会更甚，

因为负面压力源常常会造成更严

峻的后果却不能带来一点好处。

相比之下，

正面压力源通常会带来足够的好处从而使承受压

力变 成一件值得的事。

举例来说，

虽然准备婚礼的压力可能会是巨大 的，

但再怎么也不会大

到像失业那样。

Ambiguous stressors are harder to accept than are more clearly defined problems. In most cases,

if the cause of a stress or problem can be identified, active measures can be taken to improve the

situation. For example, if you are stressed about a project at work or school, you can use specific

strategies to help you complete the task on time. Stress brought on by a relationship with friends

or co- workers, on the other hand, may be harder to understand. In some cases, it is not possible

to determine the primary source or cause of the problem. These situations are more problematic

because fewer clear-cut solutions exist.

不明确的压力源比已清楚界定的压力源更难令人接 受。

大多数情况下，

如果能找到产生压力

的原因，

人们就会积极采取措施来改善状况。

比方说，

如果你正因为工作或学习上的某个项

目而感到压力重重，

你就可能找到有针对性的方法使自己能在规定时间内完成任务。

但另一

方面，

由朋友或同事关系带来的压力就没这么容易理解了。