-
_
2013
北京一、二模七选五汇总
1.
说明文部分：
海淀一模：
Apathy
Apathy is a state of
lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. 71
_____They may
alsoexhibit
unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as
a lack of love and
devotion to God and
His works.
72 _____ Also meaning
“
absence of
passion
”
in
Greek, the term
“
apatheia
”
was used by the
Stoics(
禁欲主义者
)to show a
desirable state of
indifference towards
events and things which lie outside
one
’
s control.
The modem concept of apathy became well
known after World War I
，
when
it
was called
“
shell shock.
”
Soldiers,
living in the trenches among the bombing
and gun fires, saw thebattlefields
filled with dead and wounded companions. 73
_____ In 1950
，
US
novelist Passos wrote
“
Apathy is one of the
characteristic
responses of any living
being when it is subjected to something too tense
or too
complicated to deal with.
”
US philosopher
Robert M. Hutchins summarizes the
concerns about political indifference.
He claims that the death of democracy is not
likely to be a sudden murder from
ambush (
埋伏）
74 _____
There may be other things contributing
to a person
’
s apathy.
Activist Dave
_
Meslin argues that apathy is often the
result of social systems actively blocking
engagement and involvement. He
describes various barriers that prevent people
from knowing how or why they might get
involved insomething. 75 _____ These
include
：
political media that make it difficult
for potentiallyinterested people to
find relevant
information
，
and media
descriptions of heroes as
“
chosen
”
by
outside forces rather
than self-motivated. He suggests that we redefine
social
apathy as a result of poorly
designed systems that fail to invite others to
participate.
A. It will be a
slow process of fading away from apathy and
indifference.
B. Apathetic people may
lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life.
C. He focuses on designed choices that
deliberately or indeliberately exclude
people.
D.
The
word
“
dispassion
”
is used for
“
apatheia
”，
so as not
to confuse it
with apathy.
E. So they gradually developed a sense
of disconnected numbness to normal
social interaction.
F.
Although the word
“
apathy
”
originates from
“
apatheia
”
，
it is important
not to
confuse the two terms.
G.
Author John McManamy argues apathy is a
psychological problem for some
depressed
people
，
in which they get a
sense that
“
nothing
matters
”
.
西城一模：
_
Swapping Houses for
Vacation
When budgeting for a
vacation, usually the most expensive part of the
trip is
the
accommodations
．
The
traditional way to take a vacation is to pack some
bags,
lock up the house,
and travel to a new place to stay in a
hotel
．
However, hotels are
very
expensive,
and
with
rent
or
housing
loan
（贷款）
due
every
month,
it's
difficult
for
most
people
to
pay
for
yet
another
place
to
stay
．
71
Luckily,
there
is a substitute called house swapping,
and it's saving tourists a great deal
of
cash
．
72
For example,
if
a couple from New York want to spend a week in
Paris, they
would place an ad offering
to trade their New York apartment for one in Paris
for a
week
．
If a
Parisian couple that want to vacation in New York
read the advertisement,
houses
can
be
swapped,
and
both
couples
save
hundreds,
if
not
thousands,
of
dollars
by
avoiding
big-city
hotel
fees
．
If
all
goes
well,
both
couples
can
post
positive reviews of the
other's home online so that potential travelers
can see that
everything was
fine
．
73
This builds a
community of people who want tohelp
each other out
．
There
are
other
advantages
co
house
swapping
as
well
．
74
Staying
at
someone's
homeputs
you
in
a
neighborhood
that
can
give
you
a
better
representation of the life and culture
in theplace you're
visiting
．
75
The next time
you want to
spend your vacation in a new place, butdon't want
to pay a fortune,
check what's posted
online and find a house to
swap
．
A
．
House swapping
is most common in New York and
Paris
．
_
B
．
Hotels are
often quite difficult to book when you want to
explore a new home
．
C
．
A
lot
of
times,
this
extra
cost
prevents
travelers
from
going
very
far
from
home
．
D
．
To swap houses,
people check the Internet for others planning to
travel and
trade
homes
．
E
．
With many house
swapping sites growing, this new phenomenon is
becoming
easier than
ever
．
F
．
Hotels are
often located where few people live, making them a
strange place to
experience a
city
．
G
．
On theother
hand, if there were trouble, people could write
about that to wan
others not to trust
the swappers
．
东城一模：
I know just how you feel
Do
you feel sad? Happy?Angry? You may think that the
way you show these
emotions
isunique
．
Well, think
again
．
Even the expression of
the most personal
feelings
can
be
classified,according
to
Mind
Reading,
a
DVD
exhibiting
every
possible human
emotion
．
71
In
the
mid
1800s,
Darwin
divided
the
emotions
into
six
types
—
anger,
fear,
sadness,disgust,
surprise
and
enjoyment
．
More
complex
expressions of
emotion
were probablylearned
and therefore more specific to each
culture
．
But now it is
_
believed that
many morefacial expressions are shared
worldwide
．
72
The Mind
Reading DVD is a
systematicvisual record of these
expressions
．
The
project was designed by a Cambridge
professor
．
His research team
first had
todefine
an
．
73
Using
this
definition,
412
emotion
terms
were
identified
anddiscussed, from
．
Then each expression is acted out by
six different
actors
．
when
the
actorshad
got
it
right,
says
Cathy
Collis,
who
directed
the
DVD<
/p>
．
they were
given
somedirection,
the
actors
were
not
told
which
facial muscles they should
move
．
74
Someone
who has tried to set such rules is the American,
Professor Paul Ekman,
whobuilt database
of how the face moves for every
emotion
．
The face can make 43
distinct
musclemovements
．
Ekman has
also found that it may not be possible for
people to reproduce
themartificially
．
The most
difficult expression to reproduce is
the
smile
．
It
isn't
only
aboutstretching
the
lips,
but
tightening
the
tiny
muscles
around the eyes
．
75
If we learnt torecognize whether
someone was using their
eye muscle when
they smiled, we would be ableto distinguish true
enjoyment from
false
．
A
．
It shows 412
distinct ways we feel
．
B
．
These can be
combined into more than 10,000 facial
shapes
．
C
．
These
particular muscles are difficult to control, and
few people can do it
．
D
．
They decided
that it was a mental state that could be
introduced by
_
or
．
E
．
He
said
the
expression
of
these
feelings
was
universal
and
recognizable
by
anyone, from
any
culture
．
F
．
It is as if
they are programmed into the brains of
are and
whatever their
races
．
G
．
We thought of
trying to describe each emotion, but it would have
been almost
impossible
to
make clear rules for this
．
朝阳一模：
Stay on the brighter side
of life
One very important component of
optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful. In
fact,
there
is
a
strong
connection
between
a
grateful
attitude
and
a
heightened
sense of iate all
the positives in your life by starting a gratitude
journal in order to remember what
you
’
re grateful for.
___71___
Feeling down? Instead of
feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the
universe to
throw you a bone, try
acting like you
’
re
happy
—
even if you
aren
’
t. A sincere smile
and a forced smile will cause the same
chemical reactions in your brain, so you can
actually fool your mind into feeling
better by making it react chemically as if things
were going well. ___72___ Reassure
yourself that everything is
good
—
even if you
_
don
’
t feel it.
“
___73___ If
you
’
re stuck in traffic,
then everything else must be going horribly
too,
”
says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor.
By blowing negative events out of
proportion,
you
’
re
setting
yourself
up
for
feeling
down
all
day.
Instead,
acknowledge that
you
’
re stuck in traffic, but
also bring to mind something good,
like
the beautiful scenery outside the way,
you
’
ll get in the habit of
forbidding negative circumstances from
blanketing your whole day.
Swearing to
lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like
goals leading to
happiness, but they
take time to achieve. ___74___Youmay even end up
admitting
that you have been defeated.
However, if you focus on the small milestones that
occur along the way, you will feel
positive about your progress, which will give you
the strength to keep going.
___75___ Try making someone
else
’
s day better. A report
by United Healthcare
and
Volunteer
Match
found
that
volunteers
are
72%
more
likely
to
characterize
themselves
as
optimistic
compared
with
non-volunteers.
Plus,
89%
of
volunteers
say that volunteering has
improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say
that it
enriches their sense of purpose
in life.
A. Try to help someone in need.
B. Want to give your attitude a lift?
C. People tend to think in an either-or
way.
in an optimistic
way
—
smile, laugh, tell a
joke.
_
E.
You
’
ll fail to appreciate
more important things in your life.
F. By focusing on not having
accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down
on
yourself.
G. By
remembering the pleasant things in your life, you
can actually turn a negative
attitude
around.
石景山一模：
Lack of sleep
’
genes
One
week of bad sleep can
”
hundreds ofgenes and raise the risk ofa
host ofillnesses which is linked to
higher bodyweights or heart disease, scientists
claim
．
7 1
Getting fewer
thansix hours' sleep per night can switch off
genes
in the body according to a new
study
．
Our
bodies depend on genes to produce a constant
supply of proteins which
are used to
replaceor repair damaged tissue, but after a week
of lacking in sleep
some of genes
stopped working
．
72Scientists from Surrey
University divided 26
volunteers into
two groups, one of which slept for lessthan six
hours per night for a
whole week, and
one which slept for ten hours per
night
．
At the end ofthe week
each group was kept awake for 40 hours
and donated blood samples, which were
studied toexamine the effects of their
sleep states
．
73
Although a
week's normal sleep was enough to restore the
affected genes to
their normal
pattern,researchers said that long periods of
sleeplessness could lead
_
to serious health problems
includingheart disease
．
74
Prof
Colin
Smith,
one
of
the
authors
of
the
new
paper,
which
was
published
in
theProceedings
of
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences
journal,
said:
night, Many
people have that amount of sleep forweeks, months
and maybe, even
years so we have no
idea how much worse it might be.
If
these processes continue to be disordered, you
could see how you are going
to get
damage oforgans, tissues, heart disease,
etc
．
75
A
．
Genes in our
bodies play a key role in the constant process
ofself-repair
．
B
．
The group
oflack of sleeping was found to have changed the
function of 711
genes
．
C
．
The
other participants were monitored as they slept
with their rest disturbed
on some ofthe
nights.
D
．
The
results
suggest
that
shorter
sleep
provides
a
more
permissive
environment only for
heartdisease
．
E
．
If you are not
able to repair cells and tissues that are damaged
then you are
going to suffer
permanent ill
health.
F
．
Studies have
also shown the lack of sleep can lead to some
other problems,
for example limiting
our ability to drive a car
safely
．
G
．
The findings
suggest that long-lasting lack of sleep could
prevent the body
from fully repairing
itself and raise the risk ofa host of
diseases
．
_
丰台一模：
“
Tear them
apart!
”
“
Kill the
fool!
”
“
Murder the
referee
（裁判）！”
These are common remarks one may hear
at various sporting events. At the
time
they
are
made,
they
may
seem
innocent
enough.
71
They
have
been known to influence
behavior in such a way as to lead to violence.
Volumes
have been written about the way
words affect us. It has been shown that words
having certain
connotations
（含义）
may cause us
to react in ways quite foreign to
what
we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I
see the term
“
opponent
”
as one of those
words.
72
The dictionary meaning of
“
opponent
”
is
“
enemy
”
or
“
one who
opposes
your
interests.
”
Thus,
when a player meets an opponent, he or she may
tend to
treat that opponent as an
enemy. At such times, winning may control
one
’
s brains.
73
I recall an incident in a
handball game when a referee refused a
player
’
s
request
for a time out for a glove change because he did
not consider them wet
enough.
The
player
started
to
rub
his
gloves
across
his
wet
T-shirt
and
then
shouted.
“
Are they wet enough
now?
”
In the heat
of battle, players have been observed to throw
themselves across
the court without
considering the consequences that such a move
might have on
anyone in their way. I
have also witnessed a player hitting his opponent
with the
ball
as
hard as
he
could
during
the
course
of play. Off
the
court, they
are
good
friends.
74
It
certainly gives proof of a court attitude which
differs from