新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材写作教程第三部分参考答案

PART II

FOCUS

The teacher is expected to help students appreciate the effects of using participles

and absolutes in their writings

Participles

Getting to know participles

Reference for the excises

Verb Form

crying

broken

singing and dancing

Words Modified

girl

piggy bank

the boy and the girl

Function

description

description

description

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1.

Sentence b: handing (describing she)

Sentence c: wandering, picking (both describing friends)

Sentence d: made (used with had to indicate the past perfect tense)

Sentence e: surprised (describing Tigger)

Sentence f. filled (used with were to indicate the passive voice)

Sentence g. staring (describing Tigger)

Sentence h: left (describing nothing) checking (describing Roo)

Sentence i:

looking (describing Pooh)

Sentence j.

looking (describing Roo);

Sentence k. gone (used with have to indicate the present perfect tense)

Sentence l:

picking (describing friends), fallen (describing raspberries)

Sentence

m.

waiting

(used

with

was

to

indicate

the

present

continuous

tense)

2.

a. smiling

b. Reading

c. Swimming

d. competing

e. mentioned

f. Jumping, thrown, broken

g. published, informing

h. Having, exhausted, relieved

Complex participle phrases

A. Present participles in different modes and aspects

Simple form

Form

doing

Perfect aspect

having done

Passive voice

(being) done

Perfect

aspect

in

passive voice

having been done

Meaning

The

action

is

carried

out

by

the

subject and takes place

at the same

time as

the predicate.

The

action

is

carried

out

by

the

subject

and

takes

place

before

the

predicate.

The

action

is

received

by

the

subject and takes place

at the same

time as

the predicate.

The

action

is

received

by

the

subject

and

takes

place

before

the

predicate.

*In this passive form,

being

is usually omitted, and then it becomes the past participle.

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1. Refer to the above

table for the

meanings of

the present participles.

2. a. The computer bought last week brings happiness to everyone in my family.

b.

Being

back

in

my

hometown,

I

didn't

know

that

my

professor

had

assigned

another 5,000-word paper.

c.

Standing

in

front

of

the

picture

painted

by

a

post-impressionist,

many

people

pretended that they could understand it. / Many people stood in front of the picture

painted by a post- impressionist, pretending that they could understand it.

d.

Looking

out

of

the

window

of

the

train,

the

boy

was

amused

by

the

power

lines dancing up and down in the air.

Extra Activities

Combine

each

of

the

following

groups

of

sentences

into

one

sentence

using

participles

a. She was born in a common family.

She was educated in an average college.

She is satisfied with her present life.

b. The students have finished their exams.

They feel greatly relieved.

As a result, they plan to play cards the whole night

c. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks.

He stared ahead intently.

d. Larry was sitting in a corner of the pub.

Larry held his head in his hands.

Larry was so depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him

up.

Suggested answers to the

Extra Activities

a. Born in a common family and educated in an average college, she is satisfied

with her present life.

b. Having finished their exams and feeling greatly relieved, the students plan to

play cards the whole night.

c. Jimmy set his feet into the starting blocks, staring ahead intently.

d.

Holding

his

head

in

his

hands,

Larry

was

sitting

in

a

corner

of

the

pub,

so

depressed that even the best joke in the world couldn't cheer him up.

B. Participles with conjunctions

Suggested answers to the question

Structure: They are all composed of a conjunction and a participle, and the noun

in the main clause is the logical subject or object.

Meaning: Sentence a: time; Sentence b: concession; Sentence c: condition.

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1. a. Kate fell asleep when/while reading Bob's letter.

b. She started to chat with her friend after finishing / having finished her work.

c. Although having seen it a thousand and one times, the old man still watches

the video from time to time.

d. Although closely watched by the guards, the prisoner plans to escape.

e. It is believed that if read many times, an article will naturally be understood.

f. If buying more, you can pay less.

2.

Ask

students

to

work

on

their

own

and

write

two

sentences

for

each

of

the

types.

Getting to know participles' functions

A. Creating concise sentences

Suggested answers to the questions

1. Yes.

2. There are two complete ideas in each sentence.

3.

The

relationship

between

the

two

complete

ideas

becomes

closer

from

Sentence a

through Sentence d. Sentence d has the closest

relationship

between the

two ideas

4. Sentence d is the most efficient.

B. Producing more detailed sentences

Suggested answers to the question

In Group a, Sentence 2 is the best, in which the present participles describe live

animated

actions.

In

Group

b,

the

best

sentence

is

also

Sentence

2,

in

which

the

actions

are

simultaneous.

In

Group

c,

Sentence

3

is

the

best

sentence

in

which

the

present participle and the past participle are combined most efficiently.

C. Establishing clearer logic