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学点英文谚语_了解西方文化

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2021-02-11 03:13
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2021年2月11日发(作者:烫光机)


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学点英文谚语



了解西方文化



为了学好英语,特别是 为了提高英语写作和翻译水平,了解和熟悉一些英文谚语和格


言十分必要。这些谚语源远 流长,反映了前人在生活实践中所积累的经验和教训,既富有


知识性和哲理性,又形象生 动、通俗易懂。由于谚语大多韵律和谐,读来朗朗上口,听来


印象深刻,所以比较容易记 忆。如果再与我国相应的谚语和成语加以比较,就更易于人们


全面掌握、正确使用。



我们将分几次陆续介绍一些常用的英文谚语,

并提供必要的解释和例句,


供读者学习、


鉴赏。

< p>


(1)A fool at forty is a fool indeed.


孔子云:四十而不惑。又云:年四十而见恶焉,其终也已。



(The person who at


the age of forty still evokes the dislikes of others is a hopeless case.)


西


谚谈的也是这个意思,只 不过换了一种说法:到了四十岁还不懂得生活的人,就真的是一


个愚人。正如另一句西谚 所说,


Life begins at forty.


由此看 来,四十岁是不惑之年,


是一个人领悟生活真谛的开始,在这一点上,无论是东方抑或是 西方,都有着共鸣。



. John never lived up to the expectations of his family. Twenty years


after college, he has accomplished nothing. Which reminds us of the


proverb,


(2)Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.


这句话很有意思,字面意思为:



住在玻璃房子里的人不应该向他人扔石块。



因为


当别人以同样的方式回击时,他就会损失惨重。孔子有相似的论断,但境界 更高:



己所不


欲,勿施于人



。在西方,《圣经》中也有类似的警句。



. Washington likes to accuse other governments of violating human


rights. However, those who live in glass houses should not throw


stones. Why not try, instead



to eliminate the numerous human


rights violations in the United States?


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Man proposes




God disposes




这个说法最早见 于


14


世纪,


起初以

< br>


“If man proposes evil




God disposes of it




的形式出现,



意思是上帝会阻止想要 为恶的人。这里的


God




既可以指上帝,



又可以


指天意。


就像我们常说的



尽人事,



听天命





谋事在人,成事在天



一样,



尽力而为之


后,



还要顺从自然的规律。



毕竟,人类是自然的一部分,



凡事皆不可强求,



与自然的


和谐是人类的生存之本。


< /p>


e



g




A: Bob




how about tomorrow’s driving test



Sure to pass



huh




B: I don’t know




I’ve done enough




I’d say




Anyway




man proposes




God disposes




I am praying for good luck




It is a sin to steal a pin




该句的字面意思是:



即使是偷一根针 也是一种罪过。还记得那句古训吗?



勿以恶小而为

< p>
之,



勿以善小而不为。



冀望之切,溢于言表。不要因为犯的是小错就可以听之任之。



e



g




Honesty is the best policy




Never covet what is not yours




for


it is a sin to steal a pin




If you play with fire




you get burnt




正如西方谚语所说:


Fire is a good servant but a bad master





火在人们的掌控之下时是人类股掌之上的可爱精灵:篝火给人 温暖,烟花处处讨人欢心。


可是一旦它的力量过大,就凌驾于人类之上,再不受人的掌握 。权力亦是如此,当它逐渐


膨胀不可收拾时,就成为一个暴戾的君王,统治人们的言行。 所谓



玩火者必自焚



,铤而


走险的盲目举动会招致无穷祸患。


< p>
e



g




The abuse of power has sent many people into jail




which shows


that playing with fire could get you burnt




Revenge is a dish that could be eaten cold




很形象的一句谚语。所有 的菜肴都必须趁热吃,唯独


revenge


是个例外。



君子报仇,十


年未晚。




e



g




He has done serious wrong to his friends




You just wait and see




They will not let him go scot- free




Revenge is a dish that could be eaten


cold




There is no smoke without fire




无风不起浪,有水才行船 。任何事情的发生都是有前兆的,



流言



的兴起有时也不完全是


无中生有。虽然说是



坐得船头稳,不怕浪来颠



(相似的西谚是


“Do right and fear no


man




),但风起于青萍之末, 一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀就可能引起大洋彼岸的一场大风暴。


做人、谋事,谨慎为佳。



e



g









< /p>






Every dog has its day




这里的

day


,是指


opportunities




即成功的机会;而


dog


则泛指那些地位低下、似


乎没有出息的人。


士别三日,当刮目相看



,落魄 的人若发奋图强,总会有出头之日。



(又作


All dogs have their days


。)



e


g




You must not look down upon him




Though poor and gloomy




he could turn out to be outstanding one day




As the saying goes




every


dog has its day




If you lie down with dogs




you will get up with fleas




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这是一句很经典的谚语,也就是我们中文里说的



近朱者赤,近墨者黑





在这条英文谚语


中体现出来的只是


< p>
近墨者黑



的一面。虽然中文里还有成语



出污泥而不染



一说 ,但环境


对于人的影响仍然不可小觑。



e



g




-


Harry! How come you’re back so late? Where’ve you been?



-


Just to a friend’s




-To


a


f


riend’s?


Just


for


a


glass


of


liquor




huh?


You’re


going


to


be


drowned in liquor




I’d say! If you lie down with dogs




you’ll get up to


find yourself with millions of fleas!


It is easy to find a stick to beat a dog




人非圣贤,孰能无过。人们 总会犯一些错误,也许做者无心但观者有意。有些小人,自己


抱残守缺,不干实事,却挖 空心思,找别人的缺点和麻烦。欲加之罪,何患无辞?



e



g




-


Did you know that Jeff’s been fired?



-No




What for?


-


Jeff sometimes had ideas different from our boss’s




-Yeah




but Jeff hasn’t done anything wrong




has he?


-Well




boss is boss




It is always easy to find a stick to beat a dog




You can’t teach old dogs new tricks




这句谚语说的是:人老了思想容易僵化,对新生事物很难接受。



e



g




Don’t forget Wang is already 80




At his age




you can’t expect


him to learn the tap dance




You can’t teach old dogs new tricks




you


know




从以上的几则谚语我们可以观察到中西文化的一个有趣的区别。西方人经常用狗来比喻人,


如,


lucky dog


(幸运儿),因为他们并不歧视狗。 而在汉语中,有不少涉及狗的谚语和


成语都是贬义的,如



狗改不了吃屎





挂羊头卖狗肉



< br>“


狗仗人势





狗嘴里吐不出象




等。当然,英文中


dog


一词有时也带有贬义 ,但往往含义与中文不尽相同,我们使用


时切忌望文生义。如,


It is a dog’s life Chris is leading




某位教授认为


“a dog’s


li fe”


的意思是



悲惨的生活



,因而在一篇论及中英文化差别的文章中将其译成


过着牛马


不如的生活



。其实


“a


dog’s

life”


指的是



争吵不休,过 着不安宁的日子



。这类成语很


多,如


go to the dogs


(每况愈下),


dog-eat- dog


(狗咬狗的,损人利己的),


dog


in the manger


(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)。还有一 些没有任何褒贬涵义的用法,如


dog


days


(大热天),


doggy b ag


(餐馆里的打包袋),据说,早先人们碍于面子,不愿明


说 要把剩菜带回家吃,佯称要带给狗吃,所以叫


doggy bag




上面四条西方谚语都可以在 汉语中找到相似的表达,但下面两条却全然不同了。



Lightning never strikes the same place twice




闪电从不打同一个地方



,与我们说的


福无双至,祸不单行



恰恰相反 ,这也是差异的一


个有趣的体现。



e



g




-How were your exams? All over?


-


I really don’t know




I did rather poorly last time




I hope I’ll do better


this time




-Come on




don’t worry about it




You are sure to pass




As the saying


goes




lightening never strikes the same place twice




One swallow does not make a summer




swallow < /p>


是燕子。西谚说,一只燕子飞来不能代表夏天的来临。而中国成语却说,

< br>


一叶


知秋。两种说法各有其智慧。

“One swallow does not make a summer”


强调的是


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要区别一般性与特殊性的辩证哲理;





一叶知秋



体现的则是从细微的端倪窥见总体趋势


的睿智。


< p>
e



g



-Hey




look! The scores are already 2:1



Liverpool is sure to win




I bet!


-


I


don’t


think


so




One swallow does not


make


a


summer




Miracles


always happen the last minute




It takes two to make a quarrel.




俗话说,一个巴掌拍不响,两个巴掌叮当。人们在工作和生 活中,总会遇到不讲理或与


自己意见不同的人,为了搞好团结,还是


以和为贵



为好,而

< p>


团队精神



这个近年点 击率


一路飙升的词也成为企业选拔人才最看重的品质之一。吵架尚且需要两个人,何况要 解决


工作中的难题?当然,原则问题是不能妥协的。




. Since there is no principle involved, my advice to you is: no matter


how harsh his words, don’t let him ruffle you. Remember, it takes two


to make a quarrel.


Murder will out.




纸包不住火,这是常用的一句 谚语。犯罪分子总有一种侥幸心理,总以为自己办事很诡


秘,万无一失。实际上,任何罪 行都会留下蛛丝马迹,总有一天会落入办案人员的手中。


法网恢恢,疏而不漏。若要人不 知,除非己莫为。




.


you


will


know


many


drug


dealers


and


car


thieves


have


been


apprehended this month.


An army marches on its stomach.





拿破仑(

Napoleon


)和弗雷德雷克大帝(


Frederic k the Great


)都说过这句话。


正所谓



兵马未动,粮草先行



。 所谓



士气



云云,没有军饷的按时供给,一切都是妄谈。


衣食足方能知荣辱,将军们不能奢望士兵空 着肚子以一当十。这虽然现实得有些世俗,但


却广泛适用于社会生活的各个方面。





.


When


the


enemy


attacked


our


city,


they


were


defeated


because


they


found


themselves


short


on


military


supplies.


This


is


a


case


of


forgetting that


principle holds true in business, too.



There is many a slip between cup and lip.




< br>我国有不少类似的谚语,如天有不测风云,煑熟的鸭子也能飞走。未来充满变数谁能预

见到这次东南亚的海啸竟然有如此巨大的破坏力?无论是个人还是国家,谁都无法百分之

百地确定自己的前程。


Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.



想和 现实不仅有差距,有时差距还很大。




. Never be too sure of yourself. So far, you have been very successful


in your business. But who knows how the stock market is going to turn


out. There is many a slip between cup and lip.


The pot calls the kettle black.




两个同是在炉子上烧得黑黑的锅和壶,


都指责对方黑乎乎的不像样,


其实两人半斤八两,


彼此彼此,谁也不比谁强。只看到对方的缺点,而忽 略本身的毛病,这好像是人们的通病。


Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones at others.


在指


责别人之前,最好先对镜自照。




. John, like a pot which can only see the black on the kettles, always


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