上海市长宁区2019高三英语一模

高三英语一模

Section B

Directions:

Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box, Each word can be used only once.

Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. astonishing

B. bordered

C. blackouts

D. consequences

E. constant

F. estimated

G. exploded

H. fascinated

L. process

J. stretched

K. upsetting

Aurora(

极光

):wonders or disturbances

Canada

，

February 2017:I stood in the snow on a frozen lake

，

watching as the sky twisted in front of

me. Green bands of light ___31___ out in the darkness. Slowly the colours twisted and broke and

reappeared elsewhere until

，< /p>

suddenly

，

a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32___

with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm

，

yet

,yet____33___,Most of all,it was a gift.

This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright

calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of

particles(

微

)from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles

，

this

process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour

，

It is glorious!Aurora-spotters long

for it

But for some

，

the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35___Satellites'

electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particlies,___36___industries that rely on them.

Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ___37__ around the poles

，

or to protect aircrew from

enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm

，

aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit

over a single flight.

Stormy space weather affects us on the ground

，

too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour

electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)____38_____ C$$10 billion.

Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a

huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane lran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio

blackout held up the emergency response

，

Meanwhile

，

beautiful aurora displays were seen in England.

Place its beauty aside

，

then, and the auroral___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary

disturbance

，

more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have

such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.

Ill. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D

Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to

mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __ 41___ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved.

Their

social

organization

and

__

42___

practices

could

have

been

the

model

for

the

phrase

“It

takes

a

village.

”

A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family

members who then aren't free to breed themselves.

A

new

study

further

__

43___

the

marmoset’s

reputat

ion

for

admirable

community

values.

Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __ 44___ than

when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where

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上海市长宁区

2019

高三英语一模

individuals band together for

_ 45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted

explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket

（蟋蟀

) with a begging

baby marmoset, seem to need more _ 46__ explanation

One possibility is that an individual practices _ 47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers.

By

_

48__

that

he

is

so

well

gifted

with

material

goods

that

he

can

give

some

away,

this

do- gooder

enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may _ 49__ prospective mates. The other explanation

for

charitable

behavior

_

50_

that

kindnesses

extended

to

others

are

simply

the

fees

of

group

membership,

which

offers

some

future

promise

of

a

chance

to

mate.

Failure

to

share

would

result

in

exclusion

from

the

group

and

a

loss

of

_

51__

partners.

Scientists

call

this

the

“pay

to

stay”

model.

Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) _ 52__. That suggests you

would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to

keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets,

the _ 53__ appeared to be true

Anthropologists (

人类学家

) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups

and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her

cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time.

When in a group, caregivers offe

red up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that helping in

common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or _ 54__

avoidance, “ the study authors

reported

Rather,

it

is

driven

by

a

deep-down

motivation

to

help

that

is

more

_

55__

expressed

when

individuals are alone with young.

”

41.A. animal

B. careful

C. social

D. individual

42.A. evolving

B communicating

C organizing

D. parenting

43.A shines

B damages

C. affects

D protests

44.A. at play

B in private

C. on schedule

D by accident

45.A. adequate

B effective

C. continual

D. mutual

46.A. creative

B complex

C specific

D. official

47.A. generosity

B wisdom

C independence

D governance

48.A. promising

B demonstrating

C. pretending

D. explaining

49.A. count on

B. go after

C. appeal to

D. benefit from

50. A. assumes

B. confirms

C. enhances

D. concludes

51. A. regular

B. dominant

C. potential

D. previous

52. A. atmosphere

B. audience

C. feedback

D. judge

53. A. statistics

B. expectation

C. argument

D. opposite

54. A. responsibility

B. punishment

C. arrangement

D. difficulty

55. A. strongly

B. causally

C. delicately

D. fearlessly

Section B

Directions:

Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished

statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best

according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.

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上海市长宁区

2019

高三英语一模

(A)

What to endure before publication?

It takes a

lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “Well, duh!” to this. But it’s not

much

the

mind

space

or

the

considerable

time

it

takes

to

write

a

novel

that

is

as

discouraging

as

how

many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for

publication,

a

writer

must

spend

time

with

his

or

her

book.

Like

any

promising

relationship,

you,

the

writer , must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and

desperate

times.

As

a

writer,

you

have

to

stay

up

all

night

with

your

novel

crying

and

talking

and

sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross

the finish line.

For many published authors I

know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10, that’s

right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your

novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in

the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you

can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by

breathing down its literary neck

.

However, a novel should undergo many drafts---and

different kinds

of drafts

—

before declaring it ready for

an agent or editor to see.

Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice (or even craft “rules”) should all

be

followed

by

everyone,

but

when

it

comes

to

the

many

drafts

of

a

novel,

there

are

specific

things

a

writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final

products.

56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires _____.

A. a good publisher

B. too much thinking

C. tons of working time

D. frequent revisions

57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel?

A. They spend every minute with the novel.

B. They treat the novel as a lover.

C. They go out with some readers for dinner.

D. They hurt themselves to stay awake.

58. By “

breathing down its literary neck

” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _____.

A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath away

B. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readers

C. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistake

D. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety

59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph?

A. The importance of using proper transitional words in writing.

B. The writing experience shared by famous successful write.

C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel.

D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.

（

B

）

Top Six Most Challenged Books in 2017

Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) in the States tracked 354 challenges (formal attempts to remove or

restrict

access

to

library

materials

and

services)

to

library,

school,

and

university

materials

and

services

5

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