第四章 应急用语

第四章

应急用语

四、口述

1

、

Describe briefly one of the main engine breakdown cases that you experienced

or heard.

(1) The case.

(2) Actions taken in that case.

(3) Your comments as to the actions.

Last

year when I worked on a bulk carrier,

I found the exhaust temperature of the

main engine is rising quickly. There was

a fire in the scavenge air box. The engine

was slowed down. The fuel was shut off from the affected cylinders. I opened wide

the

inlet

valve

of

the

cooling

water.

The

duty

motorman

increased

the

cylinder

lubrication. The fire The fire is quickly extinguished by activating the local protection

system. So the quick response and proper action are very important to handling the

breakdown of the main engine.

2

、

Actions to be taken in the event of sudden stoppage of the main engine.

(1) Possible reasons.

(2) Actions to be taken.

In the event

of sudden stoppage of the main

engine, the possible cause

may be the

safety protection system functioning, due to low lube oil pressure, fuel oil breakdown,

blackout, overspeed and so on. Generally, we should take the following actions: firstly,

we will carefully examine the main engine and find the causes. Secondly, we will take

measures to remedy the trouble. Thirdly, we will reset and restart the main engine.

3. Actions to be taken in the event of the turbocharger surge.

(1) possible reasons.

(2) actions to be taken.

If the turbocharger surges, the possible causes include high back pressure of exhaust

manifold

and

low

flowing

quantity,

rapid

change

in

load,

insufficient

fuel

oil,

bad

combustion, scavenge fire and so on. In the event of turbocharger surge, we will slow

down the main engine, find the causes, and do some remedies.

4. Notices to be taken when the main engine running with one cylinder being cut

off.

In this case the engine must run in a low speed.

The engineer must reduce the

load of the engine. The engineer must keep watch, and some measure must be taken,

when the M/E running with one cylinder being cut off, the exhaust gas temperature

should

not

exceed

normal

full

load

temperature.

If

the

turbocharger

surges,

reduce

load further to avoid continuous surging.

5. Actions to be taken when scavenge fire occurs.

（

If a scavenge fire, starts two immediate objectives arise-they are to contain the

fire within the scavenge space of the engine and to prevent or minimize damage to the

engine.

）

1. The engine must be put to dead slow ahead and the fuel must be taken off the

cylinders affected by the fire. The lubrication to these cylinder must be increased to

prevent

seizure

and

all

scavenge

drains

must

be

shut

to

prevent

the

discharge

of

sparks and burning oil from the drains into the engine room.

1

2.A

minor

fire

may

shortly

burn

out

without

damage,

and

conditions

will

gradually return to normal. The affected units should be run on reduced power until

inspection

of

the

scavenge

trunk

and

overhaul

of

the

cylinder

and

piston

can

be

carried out at the earliest safe opportunity. (Once navigational circumstances allow it,

the engine should be stopped and the whole of the scavenge trunk examined and any

oil residues found round other cylinders removed. The actual cause of the initiation of

the fire should be investigated).

6. Actions to be taken when a crankcase explosion occurs.

Personnel must keep away from crankcase doors and relief valves and from possible

fire or blast paths near casing doors, and as well.

1) Reduce speed to slow and ask bridge for permission to stop.

2) When engine is stopped, stop fuel oil primary pump.

3) Stop lubricating oil pump.

7. Describe briefly one of the blackout cases that you experienced or heard.

(1) The case,

(2) Actions taken in that case.

(3) Your comments as to the actions.

If a blackout occurs in the engine room, we should take actions immediately.

First we should inform the bridge.

If

the

blackout

relates

to

the

generator,

the

stand-by

generator

should

be

started

up

automatically.

As the visibility in the room decreases, avoid falling from a height or bumping against

objects.

Then we should try to find the problem causing the blackout.

We should eliminate the problem as quickly as possible.

8. Describe the procedure to start an emergency generator.

When

we

start

the

emergency

generator,

we

should

take

the

following

steps.

First,

check the lube oil and fuel oil levels, as well as the water level. Second, the selecting

switch

will

change

over

from

“

automatic

”

to

“

manual

”

.

Third,

push

the

starting

button, and check the voltage and frequency.

9. Describe the maintenance work of emergency battery.

The maintenance work of emergency battery include: 1) Check the electrolyte level.

2)

Keep

the

emergency

battery

clean.

3)

Measure

the

voltage

of

the

battery.

4)

Measure the specific gravity of the electrolyte. 5) Periodically charge and discharge

the battery so as to protect the plate electrode.

10. Actions to be taken when a blackout occurs in the engine room.

There are two reasons for blackout. The first one related to the generator, the second

one relates to the prime mover. In the first case, the stand by diesel generator should

start automatically. If the second occurs, the following procedure shall be taken:

1) Bridge being informed.

2) The stand-by generator shall be started up automatically

3) As the visibility in the E/R and accommodation decrease case must be taken to

avoid falling from a height or bumping against objects.

11. Talk about fire fighting equipment on board.

(1) There are various kinds of fire fighting equipment on board.

2

(2) Different fire extinguishers can be used to put out different kinds of fire.

(3) It is important to keep fire fighting equipment in good order and ready for use.

There are several types of portable extinguishers in the engine room.

CO2 extinguishers are for extinguishing fire resulted from valuable instruments and

others.

Dry chemical extinguishers are for fire on oils, flammable gases and electric fire.

Halon extinguishers are for oil and electric fire.

There are also fixed fire-extinguishing systems in the engine room.

These systems use CO2 or Halon.

12. Talk about fire.

(1) Fire is a constant hazard at sea.

(2) Fire is the result of a combination of three factors (elements).

(3) Fires are classified according to the material involved.

Fire is a constant hazard at sea. It is the result from a combination of three factors,

namely,

inflammable

material,

hot

source,

and

oxygen.

According

to

the

material

involved, fires can be divided into four classes: For example, burning light metals will

be classified as Class D, burning electric equipment classified as Class C, burning oils

is Class B, and burning wood, Class A.

13. Talking about a fire fighting drill.

Last voyage our ship had a fire fighting drill.

Three hours after we left the port , fire alarm on the whistle was sounded.

It was short blasts lasting about one minute, followed by three prolonged blasts.

Within one minute, the firemen were all on station in their fire outfits.

Fire hydrants were ready for water.

The fire detecting team set off for the fire.

When the fire spot was established, hoses were connected.

Fire pumps were started immediately.

After a few minutes , the fire was put out.

The drill was successfully finished.

14. Actions to be taken when a fire occurs in the engine room.

If a fire occurs in the engine room, alarm must be sounded. The engineer must give

information to the bridge. The bridge will inform the crew. The chief engineer should

give

orders

on

the

spot.

Measures

will

be

taken

to

extinguish

the

fire.

Portable

extinguishers will be used first.

The valves of oils and the ventilation should be closed. Cool the equipment, tanks and

bulkhead near the fire. If the fire cannot be put out. Stop the engines, generators and

boiler. Activate the fixed fire- fighting system after evacuating the personnel.

15. Describe briefly one of the collision cases that you experienced or heard.

(1) The case.(2) The measures taken in that case.

(3) Your comment about the measures taken.

(1)I once heard a collision case told by my teacher in class. It happened on the way to

Singapore port.

(2)Chief engineer went to the engine room soon and commanded other duty personnel

to prepare for maneuvering the main engine;

reduced the speed of the main

engine, because the ship was in shallow water at that time, the low- level sea chest was

3

changed to a high one sounded relevant tanks and asked for information from the

bridge frequently. Crewmembers tried hard to reduce the flooding with a collision-mat

and asked for help from the port authority.

(3)Since effective and timely measures were taken, they succeeded to control the

situation and secured the safety of ship and the crew. All these are contributed to the

regular drill, so we should pay attention to these normally drills.

16. Actions to be taken in the event of collision.

(1) Acting in full compliance with the Muster List.

(2) Actions to be taken in terms of notifying, detecting, restricting, and handling,

In the event of collision, the chief engineer should go to the engine room immediately.

He should command the duty personnel to prepare for engine maneuvering.

The speed of the main engine should be reduced.

The sea chest should be changed to a high-level position.

If there is any damage found, damage control should be carried out.

And constant contact with the bridge should be maintained.

17. Talk about the on-board communication in the event of collision.

In

the

event

of

collision,

the

bridge

will

inform

the

captain

and

the

engine

room

immediately. The bridge should tell the engine room the striking position, damage extent

and so on. The engine room should take measures accordingly.

In case of engine room

flooding,

the

engine

room

personnel

should

report

to

the

bridge,

and

take

actions

according to the muster list.

18. Describe briefly one of the flooding cases that you experienced or heard.

(1) The case.(2) Actions taken in that case.(3) Your comments as to the actions.

(1)I once heard a collision case told by my teacher in class. It happened on the way to

Singapore port.

(2) Chief engineer went to the engine room soon.

All watertight/weather-tight doors, hatchers and ventilators were secured to ensure

maximum available watertight integrity.

All available pumps, including portable salvage pumps were immediately utilized to

control/limit the flooding of water.

At last they found the damage location succeeded to stop it with a collision-mat.

(3)Since effective and promptly measures were taken, they succeeded to control the

situation and secured the safety of ship and the crew. All these are contributed to the

regular drill, so we should pay attention to these normal drills.

19. Actions to be taken in the event of flooding.

(1) Acting in full compliance with the Muster List.

(2) Actions to be taken in terms of notifying, locating, restricting, and handling.

If

engine

room

flooding

occurs,

we

should

secure

all

watertight

doors,

hatches

and

ventilators.

We should use all available pumps to control the ingress of water.

We should try to find the leak and stop the leak.

When the leak is stopped, further measures should be taken.

If the flooding cannot be controlled, other emergency response should be made.

20. Talk about the Muster List.

(1) An important document.(2) The contents.

(3) Your responsibilities in the Muster List for flooding.

4

The muster list is an important document on board. It tells the crew members their

position

and

duties

in

emergency

situations,

such

as

fire,

collision,

oil

spill,

abandoning

ship,

ship

grounding

and

so

on.

For

example,

in

case

of

flooding,

the

chief engineer should go to the engine room and be in general command. The second

engineer should maneuver the main engine. Some other members should go to stop

the flooding and so on.

21

、

Describe

briefly

one

of

the

cases

that

you

experienced

or

heard

about

evacuating from the engine room.

(1) The case. (2) Actions taken in that case. {3) Your comments as to the actions

Once a container ship collided with a bulk carrier. The captain of the container ship

decided

to

abandon

the

ship

since

it

was

in

danger

of

sinking.

The

engine

room

personnel

stopped

the

engine,

cut

off

the

electric

supply,

closed

the

ventilators

and

released

the

compressed

air

and

steam.

The

chief

engineer

collected

the

important

documents and all engine room staff evacuated from the engine room.

22.

Talk about an abandon ship drill.

Abandoning

ship

is

extremely

rare.

But

it

is

necessary

to

carry

out

the

drill

periodically.

During

an

abandon

ship

drill,

the

engine

department

may

imitate

the

following:

(1) Stop all the running machine and equipment in the engine room;

(2) Shut down the boilers and other devices;

(3) Shut off all the ventilators and watertight doors;

(4) The chief engineer should bring the Engine Room Logbook with him;

(5) Evacuate all people from the engine room;

(6) All personnel muster at the abandon ship station with lifejackets on.

The effectiveness of the drill will be checked.

23. Talk about the maintenance work of the lifeboat engine.

The maintenance work of the lifeboat engine mainly include: 1) check the various oil

levels and water levels. 2) Start the lifeboat engine once every week, make it run for

about five minutes. 3) Protect the engine from freezing with anti-freezing fluid

24. Talk about the SOPEP.

(1) Its whole name is the shipboard oil Pollution Emergency Plan.

(2) It contains the following contents.

(3) It is very important.

SOPEP stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. Its main contents include

the person to be contacted in case of oil spill, his contacting methods such as phone

number

and

address,

the

procedure

to

be

adopted

in

case

of

oil

spill,

such

as

the

disposal methods, anti-pollution equipment and materials.

25. Talk about some material used for oil spillage.

(1) Oil spillage material should be available and ready for use.

(2) Material for cleaning-up spilled oil. :

(3) Material for preventing spilt oil from spreading out.

The

materials

used

for

oil

spillage

mainly

include

the

following:

1)

the

material

used for cleaning up spilled oil, for example, the oil absorbent such as saw dust and

oil felt. 2) The material for preventing split oil from spreading out, such as oil booms.

5