-
突然损失发电机或线路:
sudden loss of a
generator or transmission line.
负荷突然增加或减少:
sudden load
increases or decreases
短路和开关操作:
short circuits and
switching operations.
三相和对地短路:
three-phase and
line-to-ground faults
短路器:
circuit breaker
暂态过电压和电流:
transient
overvoltages and currents
雷击:
lightning strikes
电涌放电器:
surge arrester
相量:
phasor
,通常用复数
phasors
瞬时功率:
instantaneous
power
特别地:
In particular,
正弦电压或电流:
A sinusoidal voltage
or current at constant frequency
最大值:
maximum value
有效值:
effective value
平均值:
average value
坐标系实轴:
real axis
坐标系虚轴:
imaginary axis
相量图:
phasor diagram for
…
无源元件:
passive elements
电阻、电感、电容、电抗:
resistor,
inductor, and capacitor, reactance,
感性、容性:
inductive, capacitive
有功功率:
real power or active
power
无功功率:
reactive power
功率因数:
power factor
功率因数角:
power factor angle
A single-phase source delivers 100kW to
a load operating at a power factor of 0.8 lagging.
物理意义:The physical
significance of …
…与…同相位:…be
in phase with…
Example
:
For a
purely resistive load, the current into the load
is in phase with the load voltage.
如式(
2.1
)所示:As
indicated by (2.1), …
…落后
(
超前)…多少相位:
The
current lags
(
leads
)
the voltage by 90.
正弦稳态:
sinusoidal-steady-state
让
a
=
b
p>
,得到:
Letting a=b gives
按照惯例(通常)
:
By
convention, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive.
时间区间:
a time interval T.
Example: The total energy absorbed by a load
during a time interval T.
额定值:
rating.
例:额定功率-
power
rating
;发电机额定功率-
power rating
of electric generator
;
额定电压:<
/p>
voltage rating.
基尔霍夫电流(电压)方程:Kirchhoff’s
current(voltage) law。
(
P.48
)
节点方程:
nodal equations
导纳矩阵:
admittance matrix
有
N
个节点电压构成的列相量:
< br>column vector of N bus voltages
对角元素:
diagonal elements
非对角元:
off-diagonal elements
自导纳:
self-admittance;
driving-point admittance
互导纳:
mutual admittance;
transfer admittance
美国
8.14
p>
大停电:
The US blackout on 14
August, 2003
…对…将产生深远影响:
The
blackout will have
huge technical
and
organizational
consequences
for the
US
power industry.
当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压:
The existing
local reactive power sources were not able to
support
the voltages.
切除线路:
trip(tripped) the
lines.
The isolated part suffered from
low voltage and a severe deficit of generation.
电力系统稳定是指…:
Power
system
stability
refers
to
the
ability
of
synchronous
machines
to
move
from
one steady-state operating point
following a disturbance to another steady-state
operating point,
without losing
synchronism.
额定值:
nominal
values
故障类型:
loss of
generation, line-switching operations, faults,
sudden load changes
EMS=Energy Management System
能量管理系统
DMS=Distribution Management System
配电网络管理系统
SCADA=Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition
监管控制与数据采集(调度自动化系统)
AGC=Automatic Generation
Control
自动发电控制
LFC=Load Frequency Control
负荷频率控制
EDC=Economic load Dispatching Control
经济调度负荷控制
RTU=Remote Terminal Unit
远程终端单元(远动分站)
MMI=Men Machine Interface
人机交互界面(在屏幕上进行监视与操作、控制)
CRT=Cathode Ray Type
阴极射线显示(显像管监视器)
LC=Load Control
负荷控制
AM/FM=Automated Mapping and Facilities
Management
自动绘图与
设备
管理
DSM=Demand Side
Management
需求端管理
TOU=Time Of Use
使用时间(次数)
GEM=Generation Efficiency
Management
发电功效管理
MIS=Management Information System
信息管理系统
OS=Operation System
操作系统
DTS=Dispatcher Training Simulator
调度员培训系统
EMP=Energy Management Platform
能量管理平台
FAT=Factory Acceptance Test
工厂验收试验
SAT=on
Site Acceptance Test
现场验收试验
RTGEN=Real Time Generation
Control
实时发电控制
RTNET=Real Time NETwork state
analysis
实时网络状态分析
FM=Facilities Management
设备管理
GIS=Geographic information System
地理信息系统
IEEE=The Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers
电气电子工程学会
POSIX=Portable Operating System
Interface Standard
Portable
操作系统标准
MIT=Massachusetls Institute of
Technology
麻省理技术学院
OSF=Open System Foundation
开放式系统基础
ANSI=American National Standards
Institute
北美标准协会
TCP/IP=Transaction Control Protocal/
Internet Protocal
传输控制协议与互联网协议
SQL=Structured Query Language
结构查询语言
LAN=Local
Area Network
局域网络
EPRI=Electric Power
Research Institute
电力研究(科学)院
MMI=Man-Machine Interactive
人机交互界面
MMC=Man-
Machine Communication
人机交互通讯
PHIGS=Programmer’s
Hierachical Interactive Graphics System
分级式程序员交互图形系统
LTU=Local
Terminal Unit
负荷终端单元
SOE=Sequence Of Event recording
事件记录顺序记忆
PDR=Post
Disturbance Review
提示扰动(故障)记忆
AFC=Automatic Frequency Control
自动频率控制
ACE=Area
Control Error
区域控制误差
PLC=Plant Controler
工厂控制
TBC=Tie line
Bias Control
联络线(功率)偏差控制
CFC=Constant Frequency Control
恒定频控制
CNIC=Constant Net Interchange Control
既定网络交换控制