英国政府机构知多少

2021年2月11日发(作者：结束英文)

英国政府机构知多少

Source:

恒星英语学习网

2011-09-26

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讲（

10

）英国政府机构

The

United

Kingdom

is

a

constitutional

monarchy,

the

head

of state

is

a

king

or

a

queen.

The

United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty's Government.

The

System

of

parliamentarygovernment

is

not

based

on

a

written

constitution,

the

British

constitution is not set out in any singledocument. It is made up of statute law, common law and

conventions. The Judiciary determines common law andinterprets statutes.

联合王国 是君主立宪制国家

,

国家的首脑是国王或女王。联合王国以君王 的名义，由国王或

女王陛下政府治理。

英国的议会制度并不是基 于成文宪法，

英国宪法不由单一文件构成，

而

< br>由成文法，习惯法和惯例组成。司法部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。

I

．

The Monarchy

君主制

eth II, her title in the United

Kingdom is

the UnitedKingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories,

Queen, Head of theCommonwealth, Defender of the Faith.

伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是

上帝神佑，大布 列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和

领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉 莎白二世。

Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, an integral

part of thelegislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the

governor

the

Church

of

England.

She

gives

Royal

Assent

to

Bills

passed

by

parliament.

女王是国家的象征。从法律上讲，她 是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武

装部队总司令，英国国教

至高无上

的领袖。她任 命首相和重要的政府官员。对议会通过的

法案给予御准。

monarch

actually

has

no

real

power.

The

monarch's

power

are

limited

by

law

and

Parliament. Constitutionalmonarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.

< p>
君主政体实际已无实权。它的权力受限于法律和议会。君主立宪制是从

16 88

年的光荣革命

后开始。

II

．

Parliament

议会

United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal, state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the

House ofLords and the House of Commons.

英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。

main functions of Parliament are: (1) to pass laws; (2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the

means

ofcarrying

on

the

work

of

government;

(3)

to

examine

government

Policy

and

administrations, including proposalfor expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day.

议会的 主要作用是：

（

1

）通过立法；

（

2

）投票批准税为政府工作提供资金；

（

3

）检查政府政

策和行政管理，包括拨款提议；

（

4

） 当天的议题辩论。

House

of

Lords

is

made

up

of

the

Lords

Spiritual

and

the

Lords

Temporal.

The

main

function of the Houseof Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of

lawmaking.

In

other

words,

the

non-elected

House

is

to

act

as

a

chamber

of

revision,

complementing but not rivaling the elect House.

贵族院

（上议院）

由神职贵族和世俗贵族组成。

它的主要作用是用议员的丰富经验帮助立法。

换而言之，非选举的上议院是修正议院，补充而非反对由选举产生的下议院。

House of Common is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members of

Parliament (MPs).It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority.

下议院（平民院）由成人普选产生，由

651

名议员组成。下议院拥有最终立法权。

< br>

n

is

divided

651

constituencies.

Each

of

the

constituencies

returns

one

member

to

the

House of Commons.A

general

Election must be held

every five years and is often held at more

frequent intervals.

英国被划分为

651

个选区，

每个选区选一名下议院议员。

大选必须五年举行一次，

< br>但经常不

到五年就进行一次选举。

n has a number of parties, but there are only two major parties. These two parties are the

ConservativeParty and the Labour Party. Since 1945, either the Conservative Party or the Labour

Party has held power. Theparty which wins sufficient seats at a General Election to command a

majority of Government. The leader of themajority party

is appointed Prime Minister. The party

which

wins

the

second

largest

number

of

seats

becomes

theOfficial

Opposition,

with

its

own

leader and

the Government and debate with the Government.

英国有很多政党 ，

但有两个主要的政党

-

保守党和工党 。

从

1945

年以来，

两党一直轮流执政，

在大选中获多数议席因而在下议院拥有多数支持者的政党组 建政府，

多数党领袖由君主任命

为首相。获得第二多数议席的政 党则正式成为

反对党

< br>，有自己的领袖和影子内阁。反对党

的目的是帮助制定政策，它可以经常给政府提 出批评性的建议和修正议案。

Cabinet and Ministry

内阁和内阁部长

1.

The

Prime

Minister

presides

over

the

Cabinet,

is

responsible

for

the

allocation

of

functions

among ministersand informs the Queen at regular meetings of general business of the Government.

Cabinet members hold meetingsunder the chairmanship of the Prime Minister for a few hours each

week to decide Government policy on majorissues.

首相主持内阁，

负责分配大臣们的 职能，

在定期会见女王时向女王报告政府事务。

内阁在

首