-
AC
Alternating Current (AC) is electric
current that alternates between a positive maximum
value
and a negative maximum value at a
characteristic frequency, usually 50 or 60 cycles
per second
(Hertz).
交流
交流
是指电流在正负最大值之间以特定的频率变动，通常频率为
50
或
60
赫兹。
ANSI
American National Standards Institute.
美国国家标准协会
美国国家标准协会
Acoustic Material
Acoustic material is any
material considered in terms of its acoustic
properties, especially its
properties
of absorbing or deadening sound.
声音材料
声音材料，特指有吸音或隔音特性的材料。
Active Power
Active power is the real power (kW)
supplied by the generator set to the electrical
load. Active
power creates a load on
the generator set's engine and is limited by the
horsepower of the
engine. Active power
does the work of heating, turning motor shafts,
etc.
有功功率
有功功率（
kW
），是指发电机组实际供应给负载的功率，它由发电机组的发动机提供，受到发动
机
马力大小的限制。发热和驱动马达转动靠有功功率完成。
Air Circuit Breaker
An air circuit breaker automatically
interrupts the current flowing through it when the
current
exceeds the trip rating of the
breaker. Air is the medium of electrical
insulation between
electrically live
parts and grounded (earthed) metal parts.
空气线路断路器
空气线路断路器的功能是当电流大小超过断路器的过流跳脱设
定值后自动断开。空气是带电零件
和接地金属零件之间的绝缘介质。
Alternator
Alternator is another term for AC
generator.
交流发电机
交流发电机
Amortisseur Windings
The amortisseur windings of
a synchronous AC generator are the conductors
embedded in the
pole faces of the
rotor. They are connected together at both ends of
the poles by end rings or
end plates.
Their function is to dampen waveform distortion
during load changes.
阻尼线圈
同步交流发电机的阻尼线圈是指嵌绕在转子磁极间的导线，
他们分别在两极用端环或端板
相连接，
主要功能是减弱因负载变化而引起的波形畸变。
Ampacity
Ampacity is the safe current-carrying
capacity of an electrical conductor in amperes as
defined
by code.
载流容量
载流容量是以安培数来定义导线安全载流能力。
Ampere
The ampere is a unit of electric
current flow. One ampere of current will flow when
a potential of
one volt is applied
across a resistance of one ohm.
安培
安培
是电流单位。
1
伏电压作用于
1
欧姆的电阻上就会产生
1
安培的电流。
Annunciator
An annunciator is an
accessory device used to give remote indication of
the status of an
operating component in
a system. Annunciators are typically used in
applications where the
equipment
monitored is not located in a portion of the
facility that is normally attended. The
NFPA has specific requirements for
remote annunciators used in some applications,
such as
hospitals.
指示器
指
示器作为一个附属装置常用于远程显示系统的各个组成部分的运行状态。指示器通常使用在监
测设备不在设备现场的应用。美国国家防火协会对指示器在某些行业的应用有特殊要求，例如医
院等。
Apparent Power
Apparent power is the product of
current and voltage, expressed as kVA. It is real
power (kW)
divided by the power factor
(PF).
视在功率
视在功率是电流和电压共同作用的产物，用
< br>kVA
表示。它等于有功功率（
kW
）除以功率因数。
Armature
The
armature of an AC generator is the assembly of
windings and metal core laminations in
which the output voltage is induced. It
is the stationary part (stator) in a
revolving
-field
generator.
电枢
<
/p>
交流发电机电枢的是金属芯和绕组的总成，产生感应电压。电枢是旋转磁场交流发电机的不
动部
分（定子）。
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Backup
Protection
Backup
protection consists of protective devices, which
are intended to operate only after other
protective devices have failed to
operate or detect a fault.
后备保护装置
后备保护装置是在其他保护装置动作失败或发生故障时动作的保护装置。
Bandwidth
The amount of data that can be
transmitted in a fixed amount of time. For digital
devices, it is
expressed as bits per
second, or bytes per second. For analog devices,
it is usually expressed
as cycles per
second, or Hertz.
带宽
在固
定时间内可传输的数据量。在数字化设备中以位
/
秒或字／秒表
示，在模拟（数字）设备中以
周
/
秒或
者赫兹表示。
Base Load
Base load is that portion
of a building load demand which is constant. It is
the
building demand curve.
基本负荷
基本负荷是指建筑负荷需求量中不变的那一部分，
是构成负荷需求曲线的基数。
Baud Rate
The
speed of data transmission in serial data
communications approximately equal to the
number of code elements (bits) per
second (BPS). Bits per second are also termed BPS,
with
the prefix (k) denoting thousands.
波特率
串行数据传输速率，
约等于每秒钟传输的比特数。
比特
/
秒也可以用
BPS<
/p>
表示，
kBPS
表示千比特
/
秒。
Binding
The
process of making the logical connections to the
network (also called connecting). This
involves connecting network variable
outputs to network variable inputs using LonWorks
software.
绑定
与网
络进行逻辑连接的过程（也可以叫做连接），包括把输出变量与输入变量用
LonWor
ks
软件
绑定。
Bit
Binary Digit.
位
2
进制数字
Black Start
Black Start refers to the starting of a
power s
ystem with its own power
sources, without the
assistance from
external power supplies.
黑启动
黑
启动是指依靠系统内部的电源，而不借助外部的电力进行的启动。
Boolean
A logical system used to express one of
two states, such as on or off (yes or no, 1 or 0,
etc.)
布尔类型
用于表示
2
种状态之一的逻辑系统，例如开或关（是或否，
1
或
0
等）。
Bus Capacity
Bus
capacity is the maximum load that can be carried
on a system without causing degradation
of the generator frequency to less than
a prescribed level (usually 59 Hz in a 60 Hz
system).
母排容量
母排容量是指在发电机频率不被压低的情况下，系统所能带动
的最大负载。
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CT (Current
Transformer)
Current
transformers are instrument transformers used in
conjunction with ammeters, control
circuits and protective relaying. They
usually have 5 ampere secondaries.
电流互感器
电流互感器是一种仪表变压器，通常与电流表、控制电路、保护继电器配套使用。
Circuit
A circuit is a path for an electric
current across a potential (voltage).
电路
电路是电流通过电势（电压）的路径。
Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is a protective
device that automatically interrupts the current
flowing through it
when that current
exceeds a certain value for a specified period of
time. See Air Circuit Breaker,
Main
Breaker, Molded Case Circuit Breaker and Power
Circuit Breaker.
线路断路器
线路断路器是一个保护装置，当通过它的电流超过某个安全设定值一定时间后，它就能够自动切
断电流。（见空气线路断路器、主开关、塑壳线路断路器等）。
Circulating Harmonic
Currents
Circulating
Harmonic Currents are currents that flow because
of differences in voltage
waveforms
between paralleled power sources, or induced by
operation of non-linear loads.
谐波环流
谐波环流是由并联电源间不同的电压波形或者非线性负荷运转而产生的电流。
Continuous Load
A continuous load is a load where the
maximum current is expected to continue for three
hours
or more (as defined by the NEC
for design calculations).
持续负荷
持续负荷是指使电流在
3
个小时或更长时间（根据
NEC
的定义）内需保持最大值的负荷。
Current
Current is the flow of electric charge.
Its unit of measure is the ampere.
电流
电流是电荷的流动，以安培为单位。
Cycle
A cycle is
one complete reversal of an alternating current or
voltage from zero to a positive
maximum
to zero again and then from zero to a negative
maximum to zero again. The number
of
cycles per second is the frequency.
周期
周期
是指交流电流或电压从零到正最大值再到零，然后从零到负最大值再到零这样一个往复的过
程；而频率则是指每秒可完成的周期数。
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Dead Bus
Dead Bus refers to the de-
energized state of the power connections between
outputs of
paralleled generator sets.
The term bus in this usage can either be rigid
solid bus bars or
insulated flexible
cables.
不带电母排
不带电母排是指连接并联发电机组输出之间的电力连接处于不
带电状态。这里所指的母排可能是
坚硬的实心汇流条，也可能是柔韧的绝缘电缆。
Delta Connection
Delta connection refers to
a three phase connection in which the start of
each phase is
connected to the end of
the next phase, forming the triangle-shaped Greek
letter Delta. The
load lines are
connected to the corners of the triangle.
三角形连接
三角形连接是指在三相连接中，
相临
两相首尾相连，
构成三角形的希腊字母
Delta
，
负荷线连接在
三角形的角上。
Differential Relay
A differential relay is a
protective device that is fed by current
transformers located at two
different
series points in the electrical system. The
differential relay compares the currents and
picks up when there is a difference in
the two, which signifies a fault in the zone of
protection.
These devices are typically
used to protect windings in generators or
transformers.
差动继电器
作为保护装置，差动继电器由位于系统中两个不同位置的电流互感器提供反馈信息。差动继电器
对电流进行比较，如果存在不同则表示受保护区域内有故障存在。这些装置常被用于保护发电机
或变压器的线圈。
Digital Master Control (DMC)
This device is designed to
control the power systems in a facility. It is
offered as an option on
Cummins
switchgear.
数字主控制器
数字主控制器是用于控制设备电力系统的装置。在康明斯开关柜中数字主控制器是选配件。
< br>
Direct Current (DC)
Direct current is current
with no reversals in polarity.
直流
直流是指没有正负极性往复变化的电流。
Distributed Control System
A collection of nodes that
interact to control a system whose components are
spread out over
some distance. Each
node has intelligence for operating its own
particular component of the
system.
Different parts of the system communicate status
and control information with one
another to form a distributed control
system. Typically, they communicate on a peer-to-
peer
level. This is different from a
type of system where all control and interaction
between
components is dictated by one
central control. This is a common master/slave
arrangement.
分布式控制系统
< br>分布式控制系统是由分布在不同位置但互相作用的节点构成。每个节点具有智能，可以对各自系
< p>统操作控制。系统不同部分之间的通信状态和控制信息交流构成了分布式控制系统，这种系统内
的通信是点对点方式，有别于所有的控制以及组成部分之间的通信都由一个中央控制器完成的
系
统。
Distribution Circuit Breaker
A distribution circuit
breaker is a device used for overload and short
current protecti
on of loads
connected to a main distribution
device.
配电线路开关
配电线路开关是给连接在主配电设备上的负荷提供过载和短路
保护的装置。
Droop
Load Sharing
Droop load
sharing is a method of making two or more parallel
generator sets share a system
kW load.
This is accomplished by having each governor
control adjusted so that the sets have
the same droop (reduction of speed).
Typical droop is two cycles in frequency from no
load to
full load.
转速降负荷分配
< br>转速降负荷分配是两台或多台机组负荷分配的一种方法。这通过每台并联机组调速器具备相同的
< p>转速降。从空载到满载转速降一般为两赫兹。
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Efficiency
(EFF)
Efficiency is the
ratio of energy output to energy input, such as
the ratio between
the electrical
energy input to a motor and the
mechanical energy output at the shaft of the
motor.
效率
效率是输出能量与输入能量的比率，例如输入到电动机的电能
与电机轴承输出的机械能的之间的
比率。
Emergency System
An emergency system is
independent power generation equipment that is
legally required
to
feed
equipment or systems whose failure may present a
life safety hazard to persons or
property.
应急系统
应急系统是指根据相关法规要求，为那些可能会危及生命安全或造成财产重大损失的设备或系统
< br>提供电源的独立发电设备。
Energy
Energy is
manifest in forms such as electricity, heat, light
and the capacity to do work. It is
convertible from one form to another,
such as in a generator set, which converts
rotating
mechanical energy into
electrical energy. Typical units of energy are
kW/h, Btu (British thermal
unit), Hp/h,
ft/lbf, joule and calorie.
能量
能量
以电能、热能、光能等形式存在，可以做功，也可以从一种形式转换为另一种形式，例如发
电机组能把机械能转变为电能。经常用的能量单位有：
千瓦
/
小时、英国热量单位、马力
/
小时、
焦耳、卡等。
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Fault
A fault is any unintended
flow of current outside its intended circuit path
in an electrical system.
故障
故障是指在电力系统中任何电流跑出正常电路以外的情况。
Feeder Circuit Breaker
See Distribution Circuit
Breaker.
馈电线路开关
见
“
配电线
路开关
”
。
Fiber Optic Cable
A technology using glass or plastic
threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic
cable is a
bundle of either glass or
plastic threads capable of transmitting messages
modulated into light
waves. Typically,
fiber optic cable has greater bandwidth allowing
them to carry more data than
metal
wires. Fiber optic cable is lighter and less
susceptible to interference than metal wires.
Also, data can be transmitted digitally
rather being transformed into analog data for
transmission as is the case with metal
wires when used for computer data transmission.
Fiber
optics are becoming increasingly
more common for use with Local-Area Networks
(LANs).
光缆
光缆是指使用玻璃或塑料束（光纤）来传输数据。光纤是一束
可以用来传递被调制成光波的信息
的玻璃或塑料管。与金属电线相比，光缆的特点是带宽
更大，质量更轻，可以传导更多数据，抗
干扰性能更好，并且数据是以数字形式而不是模
拟形式传播。光缆在局域网领域的使用越来越普
遍。
First Start Sensor
A first start sensor is an
electronic device within some paralleling
equipment that senses
generator set and
bus voltage and frequency, and determines whether
or not a generator set is
the first
unit ready to close to the bus following a call to
start under
首启动传感器
首启动传感器是应用于某些并联设备中的电子装置，功能是感知发电机组和母排的电压、频率，
判断哪个机组在接到
“
黑启动
”
信号后第一个可以合到母排。
Frequency
Frequency is the number of complete
cycles per unit of time of any periodically
varying quantity,
such as alternating
voltage or current. It is usually expressed as
(Hz) Hertz or CPS (cycles per
second).
频率
<
/p>
频率是指周期性变化的事物（如交流电压和电流等）在单位时间内完成的周期数，常用单位
是赫
兹
(Hz)
或周期
/
秒
(CPS)
。
Frequency Adjust
Potentiometer
A frequency
adjust potentiometer is used to manually bring the
frequency (speed) of the
incoming set
to that of the bus for synchronizing purposes.
When the generator set is paralleled,
operation of this potentiometer will
adjust the kW load assumed by the generator set.
频率调整电位器
频率调整电位器是用于手动调整输入机组的频率使之与母排同
步。当机组并联后，电位器可以调
整为机组输出功率值。
Frequency Regulation
Frequency regulation is a
measure that states the difference between no-load
and full-load
frequency as a percentage
of full-load frequency.
频率调整率
频率调整率是指空载和满载之间频率的差别与满载频率的百分比。
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Gateway
A device that acts as an
interface between two different communication
protocols. The Network
Gateway Module
(NGM) provides a communication protocol that a PC
can understand. Other
gateway devices
may be used to interface between our Lontalk
protocol and other systems
such as a
SCADA or Building Automation System. Typically, a
gateway becomes necessary
when a SCADA
or BAS does not have a driver developed for
Lontalk.
网关
网关是两个不同的通讯协议之间的接口，网关模块（
NGM
）提供了个人电脑可理解的通讯协议。
其
他网关设施可能被用作我们的
Lontalk
协议和其他系统
（如
SCADA
或楼宇自动化系统）之间
的接口装置。当
SCADA
或楼宇自动化系统没有
Lontalk
的驱动时，网关就是必不可少的。
Generator
A generator is a machine which converts
rotating mechanical energy into electrical energy.
发电机
发电机是把（旋转）机械能转化为电能的装置。
Genset Communication Module
(GCM)
The GCM provides a
communication gateway between the Model 3100
PowerCommand
Control (PCCI) and the
network. The GCM communicates with the PCCI
control over a serial
data link. The
GCM gets data from the PCCI controls such as
voltage, current, engine speed, oil
temperature, etc. and then sends it out
on the network if another network node is bound to
it or
requesting data.
机组通讯板
机组通讯板
(GCM)
是
PCC3100
控制器和网络之间的通讯接口。
GCM
与
PCC
通过串行数
据连
接。
GCM
从
PCC
得到如电压、电流、发动机转速、油温等，再把它们发送给需要这些信息的网
络节点。
Governor
A
governor is a device on the engine which controls
fuel to maintain a constant engine speed
under various load conditions. The
governor must have provision for adjusting speed
(generator
frequency) and speed droop
(no load to full load).
调速器
调
速器是安装在发动机上的一个装置，在不同的负载条件下通过控制燃料量来保持发动机的恒定
转速。调速器必须具备转速调整（发电机频率）和降速降调整（零负荷到满负荷）功能。
Grid
The utility-owned power distribution
system.
电网
电网是指电厂的电力输送系统。
Ground
A ground is a connection, either
intentional or accidental, between an electrical
circuit and the
earth or some
conducting body serving in place of the earth.
接地
<
/p>
接地是电路与地面或地面上的导体的连接，可以是有意的也可以是意外的。
Ground Fault
Protection
This function
trips (opens) a circuit breaker or sounds an alarm
in the event that there is an
electrical fault between one or more of
the phase conductors and ground (earth). This
ground
fault protection function may be
incorporated into a circuit breaker.
接地故障保护
当一个或多个相导线与地之间出现电气故障时，接地故障保护通过跳脱断路器或报警来示警。这
种功能可以一体化设计在断路器上。
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Hertz (Hz)
The term Hertz is the
preferred designation for cycles per second (CPS)
and is used to describ
e
frequency.
赫兹
赫兹
是频率单位，也等于周期
/
秒
(CPS
)
。
Hub
A common
connection point for devices or nodes in a network
or sub-network. Hubs are
commonly used
to connect segments of a LAN and contain multiple
ports.
分支器
分支器是网络或子网络中设备和接点的集线器，包含很多端口
，一般应用于连接局域网的分支。
Hunting
Hunting
is a phenomenon that can occur upon load changes
in which the frequency or the
voltage
continues to rise above and fall below the desired
value without reaching a steady-state
value. It is caused by insufficient
damping.
游车
游车是一种在负载变化引起的频率、电压高于或低于期望值，
无法达到稳定的现象。它是由于阻
尼不足而造成的。
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Insulation
Insulation is non-
conductive material used to prevent leakage of
electric current from a
conductor.
There are several classes of insulation in use for
generator construction, each
recognized
for a maximum continuous
-duty
temperature.
绝缘
绝缘体就是非导电材料，用来防止导体中电流的泄露。按最高
持续耐热度划分，发电设备中使用
的绝缘体有多种等级。
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Lagging Power
Factor
Lagging power factor
in AC circuits (a power factor of less than 1.0)
is caused by inductive loads,
such as
motors and transformers, which cause the current
to lag behind the voltage. See Power
Factor.
滞后功率因数
交流电路中的滞后功率因数（小于
1.0
）是由感应负荷引
起的，例如发动机、变压器，使电流滞后
于电压。（参照功率因数）
Leading Power Factor
Leading power factor in AC
circuits (0.0 to -1.0) is caused by capacitive
loads or overexcited
synchronous motors
which cause the current to lead the voltage. See
Power Factor.
超前功率因数
交流电路中的超前功率因数
(0.0 to -1.0)
是由电容负荷或者过励的同步电动机引起的，使电流超前
于电压。（参
照功率因数）
Line-To-
Line Voltage
Line-to-line
voltage is the voltage between any two phases of
an AC generator.
线电压
线电压是指交流发电机任何两相间的电压。
Line-To-Neutral Voltage
In a 3-phase, 4-wire,
Y-connected generator, line-to-neutral voltage is
the voltage between a
phase and the
common neutral where the three phases are tied
together.
相电压
在三相四线星形连接的发电机中，相电压是指三相连接点与每
相之间的电压。
Load
Demand
负载需求
Load Demand is a paralleling system
operating mode in which the system monitors the
total kW
output of the generator sets,
and controls the number of operating sets as a
function of the total
load on the
system. The purpose of load demand controls is to
reduce fuel consumption and
limit
problems caused by light load operation of
reciprocating diesel generator sets.
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/p>
负载需求是并联系统的一种运行模式，系统监控发电机组总的输出功率，根据系统总负载量
决定
运行机组的数量。负载需求控制的目的是降低燃料的消耗量，减少往复式柴油发电机
组因低负荷
造成的故障。
Load Factor
The
load factor is the ratio of the average load to
the generator set power rating.
负荷系数
负荷系数指的是机组的平均负荷与额定功率之间的比率。
Load Shedding
Load shedding is the process by which
the total load on a paralleling system is reduced,
on
overload of the system bus, so that
the most critical loads continue to be provided
with reliable
electrical service.
卸载
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/p>
在超载的系统母排上，并联系统的总负载被降低的过程称为卸载，以确保最关键负载获得可
靠的
电力供应。
Local-Area Network (LAN)
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