-
英语常见的修辞格
(Figures of
speech)
01
、
Simile
：
（明喻
）
It
is
a
figure
of
speech
which
makes
a
comparison
between
two
unlike
elements
having
at
least
one
quality
or
charac
teristic
（特性）
in
common.
To
make
the
comparison,
words
like
as,
as...as,
as
if
and
like
are
used
to
transfer
the quality we associate with one to
the other. For example, As cold waters to a
thirsty soul, so is good news from a
far country.
<
/p>
02
、
Metaphor
：（暗喻）
It
is
like
a
simile,
also
makes
a
comparison
between
two
unlike
elements,
but
unlike
a
simile,
this
comparison
is
implied
rather
than
stated.
For
example, the world is a stage.
03
、<
/p>
Analogy
：
（类比）
It
is
also
a
form
of
comparison,
but
unlike
simile
or
metaphor
which
usually
uses
comparison
on
one
point
of
resemblance,
analogy
draws
a
parallel
between
two
unlike
things
that
have
several
common
qualities
or
points
of
resemblance.
04
、
Pe
rsonification
：（拟人）
It
gives
human
form
of
feelings
to
animals,
or
life
and
personal
attributes
（赋予）
to
inanimate
（无生命的）
objects,
or
to
ideas
and
abstractions
（抽象）
.
For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
05<
/p>
、
Hyperbole
：
（夸张）
It
is
the
deliberate
use
of
overstatement
or
exaggeration
to achieve
emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.
06<
/p>
、
Understatement
：
（含蓄陈述）
It
is
the
opposite
of
hyperbole,
or
overstatement.
It
achieves
its
effect
of
emphasizing
a
fact
by
deliberately
（故意地）
understating
it, impressing the
listener or the reader more by what is merely
implied or left
unsaid than by bare
statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.
07<
/p>
、
Euphemism
：（委婉）
It
is
the
substitution
of
an agreeable
or
inoffensive
（无冒犯）
expression
for
one
that
may
offend
or
suggest
something
unpleasant.
For
instance, we refer to
08<
/p>
、
Metonymy
：
< br>（转喻）
It
is
a
figure
of
speech
that
has
to
do
with
the
substitution
of
the
mane
of
one
thing
for
that
of
another.
For
instance,
the
pen
（
words
< br>）
is
mightier
than the sword
（
fo
rces
）
.
09
、<
/p>
Synecdoche
：（提喻）
It
is involves the substitution of the part for the
whole,
or
the
whole
for
the
part.
For
instance,
they
say
there's
bread
and
work
for
all. She was dressed in silks.
10<
/p>
、
Antonomasia
：（换喻）<
/p>
It has also to do with substitution. It
is not often
mentioned now, though it
is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for
a wise
man. Daniel for a wise and fair
judge. Judas for a traitor.