-
英语专业八级语言学辅导材料
Section
1 What is Linguistics?
1.
Language is a
system of arbitrary vocal sysmbols used for human
_____.
A. contact
B
.
communication
C. relation
D.
community
2. Language is _______.
A. instinctive
B
. non-instincitve
C. static
D. genetically transmitted
3. A linguist regards the changes in
language and languages use as ______.
A. unnatural
B. something to be feared
C
. natural
D.
abnormal
4. Which of the following
words is entirely arbitrary?
A
. tree
B. crash
C. typewriter
D. bang
5. The function of
the sentence
“
Water boils at
100 degrees Centigrade
”
is
____.
A. interrogative
B. directive
C
.
informative
D. performative
6. _____ is a grammatical description
of a language specially designed as an aid to
teaching that language to native or
foreign learners.
A. Descriptive
grammar
B. Prescriptive grammar
C
. Pedagogical grammar
D.
Universal grammar
7. In Chinese when
someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the
people present
are
likely
to
say
sui
sui
ping
an
(every
year
be
sage
and
happy)
as
a
means
of
controlling
the
forces
which
the
believers
feel
might
affect
their
lives.
Which
functions does it
perform?
A. Interpersonal.
B. Emotive.
C
. Performative.
D. Recreatioal.
8. Which of the following property of
language enables language users to overcome
the
barrirs
caused
by
time
and
place,
due
to
this
featue
of
language,
speakers
of
a
language are free to talk about
anything in any situation?
A.
Transferability.
B.
Duality.
C
. Displacement.
D.
Arbitrariness.
9. Study the following
dialogue. What function does it play accoridng to
the functiona
of language?
—
A nice day,
isn
’
t it?
—
Right! I really enjoy the
sunlight.
A. Emotive.
B
.
Phatic.
C. Performative.
D.
Interpersonal.
10.
Which
branch
of
lingusitcs
studies
the
similarities
and
differences
among
languages?
A. Diachronic linguistics.
B. Synchronic
linguistics.
C. Prescriptive
linguistics.
D
. comparative linguistics.
11. _____ refers to the actual
realization of the ideal language
user
’
s knowledge of the
rules of his language in utterances.
A
. Performance
B.
Competence
C. Langue
D. Parole
12. _____ deals
with language application to other fields,
particualrly educaiton.
A. Linguistic
geography
B.
Sociolinguistics
C
. Applied
linguistics
D. Comparative linguistics
参考答案：
1-6
BBCACC
7-12 CCBDAC
Section 2 Phonology
1.
Pitch
variation is known as ______ when its patterns are
imposed on sentences.
A
.
intonation
B. tone
C. pronunciation
D. voice
2. Conventionally a
_____ is put in slashes.
A. allophone
B. phone
C
.
phoneme
D. morpheme
3. An aspirated
p
, an unaspirated
p
and an unreleased
p
are ______ of the
p
phoneme.
A. analogues.
B. tagmemes
C. morphemes
D
. allophones
4. The opening between the vocal cords
is sometimes referred to as ____.
A
. glottis
B. vocal cavity
C. pharynx
D. uvula
5. The diphthongs that are made with a
movement of the tongue towards the center
are known as ____ diphthongs.
A. wide
B.
closing
C. narrow
D
.
centering
6. A phoneme is a group of
similar sounds called ____.
A. minimal
pairs
B.
allomorphs
C. phones
D
.
allophones
7. Which branch of phonetics
concerns the production of speech sounds?
A. Acoustic phonetics.
B
. Articulatory phonetics
C. Auditory phonetics.
D. Neither of them.
8. Which
one is different from the others according to
manners of articulation?
A. [z]
B
. [w]
C. [
θ
]
D. [v]
9. Which one is
different from the others according to places of
articulation?
A
. [n]
B. [m]
C.
[b]
D. [p]
10.
Which
vowel
is
different
from
the
others
according
to
the
characteristics
of
vowels?
A. [i:]
B
. [u]
C. [e]
D. [i]
11. What kind of
sounds can we make when the vocal cords are
vibrationg?
A. V
oiceless
B
.
V
oiced
C. Glottal stop
D. Consonant
12.
Which
consonant
represents
the
following
description:
voiceless
labiodental
fricative?
A
. [f]
B. [
θ
]
C. [z]
D. [s]
参考答案：
ACDADD
7-12
BBABBA
Section 3
Morphology
1.
Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be
classified as _____.
A
.
lexical words
B.
grammatical words
C. function words
D. form words
2.
Morphemes
that
represent
tense,
number,
gender
and
case
are
called
_______
morpheme.
A
.
inflectional
B. free
C. bound
D. derivational
3. There are
_____ morphemes in the word
denationalizaiton
.
A. three
B. four
C
. five
D.
six
4. In English
–
ise
and
–
tion
are called
_________.
A. prefixes
B
.
suffixes
C. infixes
D.
free morphemes
5. Morphology is
generally divided into two fields: the study of
word-formation and
_________.
A. affixation
B. etymology
C
. inflection
D.
root
6. The three subtypes of affixes
are: prefix, suffix and ______.
A.
derivational affix
B. inflectional
affix
C
. infix
D. back-formation
7. ______ is a way in which new words
may be formed from already existing words
by subtracting an affix which is
thought to be part of the old word.
A.
Affixation
B
.
Back-formation
C. Insertion
D. Addition
8.
The word TB is formed in the way of _______.
A. acronymy
B.
clippping
C
. initialism
D. blending
9.
There
are
different
types
of
affixes
or
morphemes.
The
affix
“
ed
”
in
the
word
“
learned
”
is known as a(n) ________.
A.
derivaitonal morpheme
B. free morpheme
C
. inflectional morpheme
D.
free form
10. The words like
cosmat
and
sitcom
are formed by ______.
A
. blending
B. clipping
C. backformation
D. acronymy
11.
The stem of
disagreements
is
_____.
A. agreement
B. agree
C. disagree
D
. disagreement
12. All of them are meaningful except
for ______.
A. lexeme
B
. phoneme
C.
morpheme
D.
allomorph
参考答案：
1-6
AACBCC
7-12
BCCADB
Section 4
Syntax
1.
The head of the phrase
“
the city
Rome
”
is ______.
A. the city
B. Rome
C. city
D
. the city
Rome
2. The
phrse
“
on the
shelf
”
belongs to _____
construction.
A. endocentric
B
.
exocentric
（离心结构）
C. subordinate
D. coordinate
3.
The sentence
“
They were
wanted to remain quiet and not to expose
themselves
”
is
a
_____ sentence.
A
. simple
B. coordinate
C.
compound
D.
complex
4. Iin a complete sentence, the
incorporated, or subordinate clause is normally
called
a(n) _____ clause.
A.
finite
B.
non-infinite
C
. embedded
（嵌入句）
D. matrix
5. _____ is a sub-field of linguistics
that studies the sentence structure of language.
A. Morphology
B
.
syntax
C. Semantics
D. Pragmatics
6.
________ does not belong to major syntactic
categories.
A
. Auxiliary
B. NP
C. N
D. PP
7.
__________
refers
to
construction
where
one
clause
is
coordinated
or
conjoined
with another.
A
. Conjoining
B. Embedding
C. Corcord
D. Government
8. The term __
is used in a narrow sense to conclude only
reflexives like myself and
reciprocals
like each other.
A. pronominal
B
. anaphor
C. re-
expression
D.
binding
9.
In
Halliday
’
s
view,
the
_________
funciton
of
language
is
realized
as
the
transitivity system in clauses as a
representation of experience.
A
. ideational
B.
interpersonal
C. textual
D. social
10.
The criterion used in IC analysis is ___________.
A. transformation
B. conjoining
C.
grouping
D
. substitutability
11. __________ is a type of control
over the form of some words by other words in
certain syntactic constructions and in
terms of certain category.
A. Concord
B
. Government
C.
Binding
D. C-command
12. The phrase
“
my small
child
’
s
cot
”
is an ambiguous phrase,
which can be revealed
by ________ tree
diagrams.
A. one
B. two
C
. three
D. four
参考答案：
1-6 DBACBA
7-12 ABADBC
Section 5
Semantics
1.
_________ in a
person
’
s speech, or writing,
usually ranges on a continuum from
casual to formal according to the type
of communicative context.
A
.
Stylistic variation
B. Ideolectal
variation
C. Social variation
D. Regional
variation
2.
Cold
and
hot
are a pair of _____
antonyms.
A
. gradable
B.
complementary
C. reversal
D. converseness
3. Idioms are _____.
A.
sentences
B
. naming units
C. phrases
D.
communication units
4. _______
describes whether a proposition is true or false.
A. Truth
B
. Truth value
C.
Truth condition
D. Falsehood
5.
“
John hit
Peter
”
and
“
Peter was hit by
John
”
are the same _______>
A
. proposition
B. sentence
C. utterance
D. truth
6. Bull: [BOVINE] [MALE] [ADULT] is an
example of ______.
A
.
componential analysis
B. predication analysis
C. compositionality
D. selection
restriction
7. The semantic triangle
holds that the meaning of a word __________.
A
. is interpreted through
the mediation of concept.
B. Is related
to the thing it refers to.
C. Is the
idea associated with that word in the minds of
speakers/
D. Is the image it is
represented in the mind.
8.
When the truth of sentence (a)
guarantees the truth of sentence (b), and the
falsity
of sentence (b) guarantees the
falsity of sentnece (a), we can say that _____.
A.
sentence (a)
presupposes sentence (b)
B
. sentence (a) entails
sentence (b)
C. sentence (a) is
inconsistent with sentence (b)
D.
sentence (a) contradicts sentence (b)
9.
“
Tom likes
apples.
”
is a case of
________.
A
. two-place
predication
B.
one-place predication
C. two-place
argument
D.
one-place argument
10.
“
John killed Bill but bill
didn
’
t
die
”
ia a(n) _____.
A. entailment
B.
presupposition
C. anomaly
D
. contradiction
11. The particular words or
constructions that produce presuppotions is called
_____.
A. presupposition condition
B. truth condition
C
. presupposition trigger
D.
truth value
12. Lexical ambiguity
arises from pplysymy or __ which can not be
determined by the
context.
A
. homonymy
B. antonymy
C.
meronymy
D. synonymy
参考答案：
1-6 AABBAA
7-12 ABADCA
Section 6 Pragmatics
1.
_________
is
the
study
of
how
speakers
of
a
language
use
sentences
to
effect
successful
communication.
A. Semantics
B
. Pragmatics
C.
Sociolinguistics
D.
Psycholinguistics
2.
___________
found
that
natural
language
had
its
own
logic
and
conclude
cooperative
principle.
A. John Austin
B. John Firth
C
. Paul Grice
D. William Jones
3.
The
branch
of
linguistics
that
studies
how
context
influences
the
way
speakers
interpret sentences is called ______.
A. semantics
B
. pragmatics
C. sociolinguistics
D.
psycholinguistics
4. ________ proposed
that speech act can fall into five general
categories.
A. Austin
B
. Searle
C.
Sapir
D. Chomsky
5.
Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most
typical of the ____.
A. declarations
B. directives
C
. commissives
D. expressives
6. The illocutionary point of the _ is
to express the psychological state specified in
the
utterance.
A.
declaration
B
. expressives
C. commissives
D. directives
7.
Y
’
s utterance in the
following conversation exchange violates the maxim
of _____.
X: Who was that you were with
last night?
Y: Did you know that you
were wearing odd socks?
A. quality
B. quantity
C
.
relation
D. manner
8. The
violation of one or more of the conversational
______ (of the CP) can, when
the
listener
fully
understands
the
speaker,
create
conversational
implicature,
and
humor sometimes.