全国自考《英语词汇学》复习资料第二章

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英

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，

中

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第二章

Indo-European language family (Europe

，

the Near East

，

India)

Balto

–

Slavic Indo-Iranian Italic Germanic

Prussian Persian Portuguese Norwegian

Lithuanian Hindi Spanish Icelandie

Polish Italian Danish

Bulgarian Roumanian Swedish

Slovenian French English

Russian German

Albanian Armenian Celtic Hellenic

Irish Greek

Breton

Scottish

2. History (

时间，历史事件，特征

)

1) Old English (450-1150) totally 50

，

，

000 words

The 1st people known to inhabit England were Celts

，

the language was Celtic.

The second language was the Latin of the Roman Legions.

The

Germanic

tribes

called

angles

，

Saxons

and

Jutes

and

their

language

，

Anglo-Saxon dominated and blotted out the Celtic. Now people refer to Anglo-Saxon

as old English.

At the end of 6th century

，

the introduction of Christianity has a great impact on

the English vocabulary.

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The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words.

In the 9th century

，

many Scandinavian words came into English. At least 900

words of Scandinavian are in modern English

，

our daily life and speech.

特点：

highly inflected language

complex endings or vowel changes (full ending)

2) Middle English (1150-1500) English

，

Latin

，

French

Until

1066

，

although

there

were

borrowings

from

Latin

，

the

influence

on

English was mainly Germanic. But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of

French words into English.

By the end of the 13th century

，

English gradually come back into public areas.

Between 1250

and

150 about

9000 words of French origin

come into English.

75% of them are till in use today.

As many as 2500 words of Dutch origin come into English.

特点：

fewer inflections

leveled ending

3) Modern English (1500-up to now) early modern English (1500-1700)

late modern English(1700-up to now)

The

Renaissance

，

Latin

and

Greek

were

recognized

as

the

languages

of

the

Western world

’

s great literary heritage.

The

Industrial

Revolution

was

in

the

mid-17

century.

With

the

growth

of

colonization

，

British tentacles began a stretching out of to every corner of the globe

，

thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.

After World War II

，

many new words have been created to express new ideas

，

inventions and scientific achievements.

More words are created by means of word-formation.

thousands and thousands of new words have been entered to express new ideas

inventions

，

and scientific achievements.

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