-
Chapter4
The
Audiolingual Method
听说法
听
说法是
20
世纪
40
年代产生于美国的第二语言教学法。强调通过反复的句型
结构操练培养口语听力
能力,又称
“
句型法
”
或
“
结构法
”
。
I
、
Background
Th
e Audio
–
lingual Method is in origin
mainly American . It was developed in the
U.S .during the Second World War .At
that time there was a need for people to learn
foreign language rapidly for military
purpose.
听说法是在第二次世界大战期间的美国发展起来的。
当时,美国政府感到很有
必要建立一套专门语言训练计划来满足军事上对
外语人员的需求。
因此,
美国政
府委托
几所美国大学来承担培养军事外语人才的工作。
于是在
1942
年制订了
《军
队专门训练方案》。
p>
背景:二战提高了美国的国际地位,扩
大了美国的影响,留学生和移民的增多,
英语作为第二语言教学(
ESL
)的需求增加。
密歇根大学
The
University of
Michigan
最先成立英语教学机构。
< br>机构主任佛里斯(
Fries
)主张:
< br>
1.
将结构作为教学起点,
2.
强调对学习者进行语音和句型的强化训练。
反映了一种结构主义语言观。
II
、
Theoretical
Basis(
理论基础
)
of
language
T
he theory of
language underlying ,Audiolinguism was derived a
view proposed
by American linguists in
the 1930s and the 1940s
The
view then came to be known as structural
linguistics which views language
as a
system of structurally related elements for the
expression of meaning
。
语言学基础:美国结构主义
Main characteristics of
the theory
(
教材
P55)
(1)
Elements
in
a
Language
were
thought
of
as
being
linearly
produced
in
a
rule-governed (structural) way.
(2)
L samples could
be
exhaustively described at
any structural
level
of
description
(phonetic, phonemic, morphological,
etc.)
(3)
Linguistic
levels
were
thought
of
as
systems
within
systems,
that
is,
as
being
pyramidally
structured;
phonemic
systems
led
to
morphemic
systems,
and
these
in
turn led
to the higher level systems of phrases, clauses,
and sentences.
语言被认为是一个结构化的元素组成的系统,
用来表达意义,
这些元素就
是音素、词素、单词
、结构和句型。所谓的结构化就是指:
(
a
)语言中的元素是线性产生的;
(
b
)
语言样本可以被详尽地解释到任何一个结构层面(语音学、音素学、形态
学等);
(
c
)语言是由一
个个系统组成的,作为金字塔结构,由音到词,再到词组、从
句和句
子。
of learning: behavioral psychology.
The ideal of conditioning is based on
the theory that you can train an animal to do
anything
if
you
follow
a
certain
procedure
,which
has
three
major
stages
:stimulus
response and reinforcement.
(
教材
P56
)
心理学基础:行为主义心理学
p>
对于行为主义者来说,
人类是一个有着广泛的行为技能的有机体。<
/p>
这些行为的
出现主要是依靠学习中的三个主要元素:
刺激,
它能引起行为的发生;
由刺激引
起的一种反应;强化,它可以表现出反应是否恰当。
强化在学习过程中是至关重要的要素,因为它能增加这种行为
再次出现和最终
成为习惯的可能性。
: typesof learning and
teaching activities
?
Dialogue and drills form the basis of
audiolingual classroom practice
?
The
use
of
drills
and
pattern
practice
is
a
distinctive
feature
of
the
Audiolingual Method.
Various kinds of drills are used.
?
操练和模式练习的使用是听说法的一个独特的特征
tion.
tion.
ement.
ement.