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Chapter Five
Morphology
1.
Define the following terms.
1) Morpheme, allomorph and morph
2) free morpheme vs bound
morpheme
3) affix
4) acronymy
5)
abbreviation vs clipping
6) IC analysis
7) stem,base and root
8)
inflection
9) compounding
10) conversion
11
）
inflectional
morpheme
12) morphology
13
）
backformation
14)
blending
15) inflectional
affix vs derivational affix
2.
Multiple Choices
1)
The word
“hospitalize” is an example of ______.
A. compound
B. derivation
C. inflection
D.
blending
2)
____refers to the study of the internal
structure of words, and the rules by which words
are formed.
A. Morphology
B.
Syntax
C. Semantics
D. Phonology
3)
_____
doesn’t belong to the
most productive means of
word
-formation.
A.
Affixation
B. Compounding
C. Conversion
D. Blending
4)
Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be
classified as __________.
A. lexical
words
B. grammatical words
C. function words
D.
form words
5)
Morphemes
that
represent
tense,
number,
gender
and
case
are
called
________
morphemes.
A. inflectional
B. free
C. bound
D.
derivational
6)
There are
________ morphemes in the word denationalization?
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
7)
In English -ise and -tion are called
________.
A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C.
infixes
D. free morphemes
8)
Morphology
is
generally
divided
into
two
fields:
the
study
of
word-formation
and
________.
A.
affixation
B. etymology
C. inflection
D. root
9)
The three subtypes of
affixes are: prefix, suffix and _______.
tional affix
B.
inflectional affix
C. infix
D. back-
formation
10)
________ is a
way in which new words may be formed from already
existing words by
subtracting an affix
which is thought to be part of the word.
A. Affixation
B. Back-formation
C.
Insertion
D. Addition
11)
The word TB is formed in the way of
________.
A. acronymy
B.
clipping
C. initialism
D.
blending
12)
Ther
e are different types of
affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in
the
wo
rd “learned”
is known as a(n) ________.
A. derivational morpheme
B. free morpheme
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free form
13)
The words like comsat
and sitcom are formed by ________.
A. blending
B. clipping
C. backformafion
D. Acronymy
14)
The stem of
disagreements
is ________.
A. agreement
B. agree
C. disagree
D.
disagreement
15)
All of the following are meaningful
except _________.
A. lexeme
B. phoneme
C. morpheme
D. allomorph
16)
The word
boyish
contains two
.
A. phonemes
B.
Morphs
C. morphemes
D. allomorphs
17)
Inflectional
studies inflections.
A. phonetics
B.
syntax
C. phonology
D. morphology
18)
morphemes are
those that cannot be used independently but have
to be
combined with other morphemes,
either free or bound, to form a word.
A. Free
B. Bound
C. Root
D.
Affixational
19)
modify the
meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the
part of speech of
the original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D.
Affixes
20)
There are rules
that govern which affix can be added to what type
of
to form
a new
word.
A. root
B. affix
C. stem
D. word
21)
Compound words consist of ________
morphemes.
A. bound
B. free
C.
both bound and free
22)
Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many
adverbs are _________.
A. grammatical
words
B.
lexical words
C. neither
grammatical nor lexical words
23)
“Radar” is a / an
__
________.
A.
acronym
B.
blending
C. coinage
D. clipping
24)
The words “take” and “table” are called
_
_________ because they can occur
unattached.
A.
form words
B. bound morphemes
C. free morphemes
D. inflectional
morphemes
25)
A __________
is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to
which an inflectional
affix can be
added.
A. stem
B. root
C.
allomorph
D. lexeme
26)
__________ is made up from the first
letters of the name of an organization, which has
a
heavily modified headword.
A. Blending
B. Acronymy
C. Abbreviation
D. Invention
27)
The expansion of vocabulary in modern
English depends chiefly on _________.
A. Borrowing
B. word-
formation
C. conversion
D. the number
of the people speaking English
28)
________
is
a
grammatical
category
used
for
the
analysis
of
word
classes
displaying
such contrasts as masculine / feminine,
animate/inanimate, etc.
A. Case
B.
Gender
C. Number
D. Category
29)
The relation between words “rose”
and
“flower” is that
of
__________.
A. synonymy
B. antonymy
C. homonymy
D. hyponymy
30)
T
he adjective word “uniform”
has
__________ morphemes.
A.
one
B. three
C. two
D.
zero
31)
Affixation
is
generally
defined
as
the
formation
of
words
by
adding
word-forming
or
________ to stems.
A.
affixes
B. suffixes
C. inflectional
affixes
D. derivational
affixes
32)
Prefixes
do
not
generally
change
the
_________of
the
stem
but
only
modify
its
meaning.
A. word-class
B.
meaning
C. form
D. structure
33)
The primary function of suffixes is to
________.
A. change the word-class of
roots
B change the meaning of stems
C change the grammatical
function of stems]
D change the
structure of roots
34)
Conversion is a method __________.
A. of turning words of one part of
speech to those of a different part of speech
B. of converting words of one meaning
into different meaning
C. of deriving
words through grammatical means
D. of
changing words in morphological structure
3.
Fill in the blanks with
appropriate words.
1)
Combining
two
parts
of
two
already
existing
words
is
called
_______
in
word-
formation.
2)
Take
is the ______ of
taking
,
taken
and
took
.
3)
Bound morphemes are classified into two
types: ________ and ________.
4)
An ________ is pronounced letter by
letter, while an
__________ is
pronounced as a
word.
5)
Lexicon, in most cases, is synonymous
with ________.
6)
Orthographically, compounds are written
in three ways: __________, __________ and
__________.
7)
All words may be said to contain a root
________.
8)
________
is
a
reverse
process
of
derivation,
and
therefore
is
a
process
of
shortening.
9)
__________
is
extremely
productive,
because
English
had
lost
most
of
its
inflectional
endings
by
the
end of
Middle
English
period,
which
facilitated
the
use
of
words interchangeably as verbs or
nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.
10)
Words are divided into
simple, compound and derived words on the ______
level.
11)
A
word
formed
by
derivation
is
called
a
____________,
and
a
word
formed
by
compounding is called a
__________.
12)
The
poor
is an example of ______
conversion.
13)
__________
is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
14)
The affix
“
-
es”
conveys a __________ meaning.
15)
morphemes
are
independent
units
of
meaning
and
can
be
used
freely
all
by
themselves.
16)
affixes manifest various grammatical
relations or grammatical categories such
as number, degree, and case.
17)
The affixes
occurring at the beginning of a word are called p
.
18)
The
combination
of
two
or
sometimes
more
than
two
words
to
create
new
words
in
called
.
19)
Semantically,
the
meaning
of
a
c__________
is
often
idiomatic,
not
always
being
the
sum total of the
meanings of its components.
20)
__________ morphology
studies word-formation.
21)
__________ can never stand by itself
although if bears clear,definite meaning.
22)
__________
are added fo the end of stems.
4.
Make a
judgment on the following statements decide
whether they are true or not.
1)
Morphology
studies
the
internal
structure
of
words
and
the
rules
by
which
words
are
formed.
2)
Inflectional
morphology is one of the two sub-branches of
morphology.
3)
The structure of words is not governed
by rules.
4)
A morpheme is the basic unit in the
study of morphology.
5)
Free morphemes
are the same as bound morphemes.
Sometimes bound morphemes can be used
by themselves.
There is
only one type of affixes in the English language.
Derivational affixes are
added to an existing form to create a word.
Compounding is the addition
of affixes to stems to form new words.
Phonetically,
the
stress
of
a
compound
always
falls
on
the
first
element,
while
the
second
element receives secondary stress.
11)
Morphemes are
regarded as abstract constructs in the system.
12)
We
can
always
tell
by
the
words
a
compound
contains
what
it
means
because
the
meaning of a compound is always the sum
of the meanings of its parts.
13)
All roots are
free and all affixes are bound.
14)
Chinese
language is heavily inflectional.
15)
A morpheme is
a minimal unit of meaning, which means that a
morpheme has a lexical
meaning.
16)
Phonetically,
the
stress
of
a
compound
always
falls
on
the
first
element,
while
the
second
element receives secondary stress.
17)
Fore as in
foretell is both a prefix and a bound morpheme.
18)
Base refers
to the part of word that remains when all
inflectional affixes are removed.
19)
In
most
cases,
prefixes
change
the
meaning
of
the
base
whereas
suffixeS
change
the
word-class of the base.
20)
Conversion
from noun to verb is the most productive process
of conversion.
21)
Reduplicative compound is formed by
repeating the same morpheme of a Word.
22)
The words
whimper, whisper and whistle are formed in the way
of
onomatopoeia.
23)
In
most
cases,
the
number
of
syllables
of
a
word
corresponds
to
the
number
of
morphemes.
24)
Backformation
is a productive way of forming nouns in Modern
English.
25)
Inflection is a parficnlar way of word-
formations.
5.
Tell the
root, stem and base of the following words.
1) desirable;
2) undesirable
3)
undesirables;
4) desired
6.
Short Answer questions
1)
What does
morphology study?
2)
What is a morpheme?
Dissect the following words into
morphemes:
description
underdeveloped
photosynthetic
anatomy
radiation
geography
philharmonic
defrosted
refreshment
demobilized
conducting
suppression
circumspect
dialogue
deformed
combination
3)
Describe with examples
various types of morpheme used in English.
4)
What are the main
inflectional affixes in English? What grammatical
meaning do they
convey?
5)
Try
to
find
out
the
meaning
of
the
following
roots
in
English
and
give
two
or
three
words
that contain each of them:
hydro
chron
demo
dur
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)