-
一、
明
喻（
simile
）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体
和喻体之间的相似
关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词
li
ke, as, as if, as though
等，
补充
:
二、隐喻（
metaphor
）这种比
喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，
甲乙两事物之间的联系和相
似之处是暗含的。
补充
:
三
、提喻（
synecdoche
）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部
代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或
以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。四、拟人（
personification
）这种修辞方法是把人类的特
点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
五、
夸张（
hyperb
ole
）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调
的效果。六、叠言（
rhetorical repetition
）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，
相同意义词组成
句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
七、借代（
metonymy
）是指两种不
同事物并不相似，<
/p>
但又密不可分，
因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
八、
双关语
（
pun
）
是以一个词或词组，
用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，
以取得一种诙谐有
趣的效果。
九、拟声（
onomatcpocia
）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的
事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
十、讽刺（
irony
）是指用含蓄的褒义
词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效
果。十一、通感
（
synesthesia
）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。十二、头韵
法（
alliteration
）在文句中有两个以
上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母
或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。<
/p>
英语修辞手法
1) Simile<
/p>
：
(
明喻）
It
is a figure of speech which makes a comparison
between
two unlike elements having at
least one quality or characteristic
(
特性
)in
common. To
make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if
and like are
used to transfer the
quality we associate with one to the other. For
example,
As cold waters to a thirsty
soul, so is good news from a far country./ This
elephant is like a snake as anybody can
see.
2) Metaphor
：
(
暗喻）
It is like a
simile, also makes a comparison between two
unlike elements, but unlike a simile,
this comparison is implied rather than
stated. For example, the world is a
stage./ The diamond department was the
heart and center of the store.
3) Analogy:
(
类比）
It is also a form of
comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor
which usually uses comparison on one
point of resemblance, analogy draws a
parallel between two unlike things that
have several common qualities or
points
of resemblance.
4)
Personification: (
拟人）
It
gives human form of feelings to animals, or life
and
personal
attributes(
赋予
) to
inanimate(
无生命的
) objects, or
to ideas and
abstractions(
抽象
).
For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole:
(
夸张）
It is the
deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration
to achieve emphasis. For instance, he
almost died laughing.
6)
Understatement: (
含蓄陈述）
It is the opposite of hyperbole, or
overstatement. It achieves its effect
of emphasizing a fact by
deliberately(
故意
地
)
understating it, impressing the listener or the
reader more by what is
merely implied
or left unsaid than by bare statement. For
instance, It is no
laughing matter.
7) Euphemism:
(
委婉）
It is the substitution
of an agreeable or
inoffensive(
无冒
犯
)
expression for one that may offend or suggest
something unpleasant. For
instance, we
refer to
8)
Metonymy (
转喻）
It
is a figure of speech that has to do with the
substitution
of the mane of one thing
for that of another. For instance, the pen (words)
is
mightier than the sword (forces).
借代（
metonymy
）是指两种不同事
物并不相
似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
< br>
1
、
Several years
later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was
coming to
inspect them...
几年以后，他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”
在这里代替了
“news,
information”
（消息、信息）
2
、
Al
spoke with his eyes,“yes”.
艾尔用眼睛说，
“
是的
”
。
“
< br>说
”
应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了
“
说话的意思
”
。<
/p>
9) Synecdoche
(
提喻）
It is
involves the substitution of the part for the
whole, or
the whole for the part. For
instance, they say there's bread and work for all.
She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia
(
换喻）
It has also to do with
substitution. It is not often
mentioned
now, though it is still in frequent use. For
example, Solomon for a
wise man. Daniel
for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
11) Pun:
(
双关语）
It is a
play on words, or rather a play on the form and
meaning of words. For instance, a
cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid
down his arms. (Here
carried
by a soldier.)/ Napoleon was astonished.”Either
you are mad, or I
am,”he declared.
“Both
，
sir!”cried the Swede
proudly. “Both”
一词一语双关，既
指拿破仑和
这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役
12) Syllepsis:
(
一语双叙）
It has two
connotations.
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