-
1
Introduction
（引言）
1.1
Scope
（范围）
This
specification
covers
the
requirements
for
the
manufacture,
curing
and
testing
of
GRC
products.
It
gives
detailed
requirements for five grades of GRC
manufactured by two different methods:
本规范包括
GRC
产品的制造、养护和试验要求。它给出了用两
种不同方法制造的五个等级
GRC
的详细要求。
X
< br>‘
Spray
’
Grades
18 and 18P
“喷射”
等级
18
和
18P
X
‘
Pr
emis
’
Grades 10 and 10P
“预混”等级
18
< br>和
18P
X
‘
Premis
’
Grade 5
“预混”等级
5
‘
P
’
refers
to
the
use
of
acrylic
polymer
emulsion
in
the
GRC
mix
design.
The
specification
covers
mixes
with
and
without
polymers.
Selection
of
the
applicable
grade
should
be
made
by
the
purchaser
in
consultation
with
the
producer
and
after
consideration of the engineering design
of the product.
‘
P
’表示在
GRC
配合比中使用丙烯酸聚合物乳液。本规范包括
含有或不含有聚合物的混合料，适用等级的选择应该由购买方和生产商在
考虑产品的工程
设计之后协商确定。
1.2
References
（参考文献）
Standards and other publications
referred to in this specification are listed in
appendix D.
本规范中涉及的标准和其它规范在附录
D
中列出。
1.3
Definitions
（定义）
Uncured
state
（未养护状态）
The
stage in the manufacture of GRC when all physical
processes that could alter composition of the
material are complete but
the fibre can
still be separated from the matrix by the action
of running water.
在
GRC
制造过程中，所有可能改变材料组分的物理过程完成、但是通过流水纤维仍然能够从基材中分离的阶段
。
Aggregate/cement ratio
（集料
/
水泥比（集灰比）
）
The ratio of the mass of total dry
aggregate to the mass of dry cement in the GRC.
GRC
中总的干集料质量与干水泥质量之比。
Water/cement
ratio
（水灰比）
The
ratio of the mass of total water to the mass of
dry cement in the GRC in the uncured state. When
pozzolanic fillers are used
they can be
considered as cementitious and the water/cement
ratio can be expressed as a water/total binder
ratio, examples of
such pozzolanic
fillers are pulverized fuelash, microsilica and
metakaolin.
在未养护状态的
GRC
中，总的水质量与干水泥质量之比。当使用火山灰质填料时，它可被考虑作为胶凝材料，水灰比可用‘
水
/
总胶凝材
料’比表示；这种火山灰
质填料有磨细粉煤灰、微硅粉和偏高岭土。
Glass fibre content by weight (WF)
（玻璃纤维质量含量（
WF
）
）
The ratio (expressed as
a percentage) of the mass of glassfibre to the
mass of GRC in the uncured state.
玻璃纤维质
量与未养护状态
GRC
质量之比（用百分数表示）
Characteristic
property
（特征性能）
The value of a property above which 95%
of the population of all possible measurements of
that property of the specified GRC
are
expected to lie.
期望固定
GRC
性能测试结果的
95%
以上达到的性能值。
Test
board
（试验板）
A
sheet of GRC manufactured during production for
the purpose of assessing the quality of the GRC
products being made. The
test board
should, if possible, be a specimen of the product
itself. If this is not possible the test board
should be made in the
same way and at
the same time as the GRC in the product so that it
is representative of the quality and thickness of
the GRC.
为了评价正在生产的
GRC
产品质量，在生产过程中制造的
GRC
平板。如果可能
，试验板应该是产品本身的样品；如果不可能，试验板应
该用与
GRC
产品同样方法在同样时间制造，以代表
GRC
的质量和厚度。
Test
coupons
（试验样品）
Specimens taken from a test board for
the purpose of determining a property.
为了测定性能从试验板上取得的样品。
Test
sample
（试验样品）
The
total number of coupons taken from a test board
and tested to determine a property of that test
board.
从试验板取得的样品的总数量，测定试验板性能的样品。
Test board
mean
（试验板平均值）
The
arithmetic
mean
value
for
a
property
calculated
from
all
the
individual
test
coupon
results
from
one
test
board.
For
statistical analysis, this mean is
regarded as one result.
对一块试验板上所有的单个试验样
品性能结果计算的算术平均值。对于统计分析，这个平均值被看作是一个结果。
Producer
（生产商）
The person or authority entering into a
contract to manufacture a GRC product.
签订制造
GRC
产品合同的人员或权威人士。
< br>
Purchaser
（购买方）
The person or authority entering into a
contract to buy a GRC product.
签订购买
GRC
产品的人员或权威人士。
Supplier
（供应商）
The person or authority entering into a
contract to supply goods to the producer.
签订为生产商提供货物的人员工权威人士。
Engineer
（工程师）
The person or authority responsible for
the design of the GRC component.
对
GRC
构件设计负责的人员或权威人士。
Polymer-modified GRC
（聚合物改性
GRC
）
GRC
which has
been
modified
by
the
addition
of
an
acrylic
thermoplastic
polymer
dispersion
either
for
‘
dry
curing
’
or
for
property
enhancement.
为了‘干养护’或者为了提高性能，通过加入丙烯酸热塑性
聚合物分散剂而改性的
GRC
。
Dry
curing
（干养护）
A
method of curing which prevents early loss of
moisture and allows curing to take place without
keeping the GRC damp. Dry
curing is
carried out by adding an appropriate quantity of
the polymer into the GRC mix. (See Section 4.5.) <
/p>
防止早期水分流失并允许养护时不必保持
GRC
< br>潮湿的一种养护方法，通过在
GRC
混合物中加入适量的
聚合物进行干养护（见
4.5
节）
Slump
test
（塌落度试验）
A
test for measuring the consistency of the
cementitious slurry.
测试水基浆体稠度的方法。
‘
Bag
’
and
‘
bucket
’
tests
（
‘袋’和‘桶’试验）
Methods for the calibration of GRC
spray equipment.
校准
GRC
喷射设备的方法。
Spray GRC
（喷射
GRC
）
A method of
manufacture in which GRC is produced by
simultaneously spraying cementitious slurry and
chopped glass fibre.
同时喷射水泥浆体和短切玻璃纤维生产<
/p>
GRC
的方法。
Premix GRC
（预混
GRC
）
A
method of manufacture in which the pre-cut glass
fibres and the cementitious slurry are blended
during mixing.
将预先切断的玻璃纤维在搅拌过程中与水泥浆体混合的
制造方法。
Mist coat
（薄雾层）
An initial
cementitious sprayed coating without glass fibre.
初始水泥浆体喷射层，不含玻璃纤维。
Facing
coat
（面层）
An
initial layer without fibre but containing
decorative sands or aggregates and often pigment.
不含纤维但是含有装饰砂或集料各颜料的初始层。
GRCA
（
GRCA
）
The
international Glassfibre Reinforced Concrete
Association.
国际玻璃纤维增强混凝土协会。
GRCA Approved Manufacturers
scheme (AMS)
（
GRCA
认可的制造商程序（
AMS
）
）
The
GRCA
system
of
accreditation
by
assessment
of
the
ability
of
manufacturers
to
provide
the
necessary
resources
and
equipment to meet the
quality levels required of GRC products.
GRCA
信赖体系，借此评价制造商提供的必要资源和设备以满足
< br>GRC
产品要求质量水平的能力。
High shear
mixer
（高剪切搅拌机）
A
mixer with a high shear action capable of the
preparation of the fine sand/cement slurries
required for the spray process.
具有高剪切作用
可制备喷射工艺所需要细砂水泥浆体能力的搅拌机。
Premix
mixer
（预混搅拌机）
A
two-stage mixer designed to prepare fine
sand/cement slurries (stage 1) and to blend in
chopped glass fibres (stage 2) in the
premix process.
在预混工艺中，为制备细砂
水泥浆体（步骤
1
）和混合短切玻璃纤维（步骤
2
）而设计的两步骤搅拌机。
MFFT
（
MFFT
）
Minimum
film formation temperature (for acrylic polymers).
最低成膜温度（对于两烯酸聚合物）
。
Limit of proportionality (L
OP)
（比例极限（
LOP
）
）
Also known as
elastic limit. The stress in a flexural bending
test where the stress/strain plot deviates from a
straight line.
也称为弹性极限，在弯曲试验中应力应变曲线上偏离直
线的点的应力。
Modulus
of rupture (MOR)
（断裂模量（
MOR
）
）
The
highest stress on a stress/strain plot during a
flexural bending test.
在弯曲试验中，应力应变曲线上的最高应力。
Top/bottom ratio
（上部
/
下部比）
The ratio of the MOR results of samples
tested with the mould face in tension to those
with trowelled face in tension.
试验样品模型面
在受拉区所得到的结果与试验样品抹平面在受拉区所得到的结果的比值。
2
Constituent
materials
（组成材料）
2.1
Alkali-
resistant glass
fibre
（耐碱玻璃纤维）
Glass fibre shall be an alkali-
resistant continuous filament fibre developed and
formulated to have high strength retention in
hydraulic cement environments. The
producer shall provide certification from the
supplier to show that the glass fibre conforms
to this requirement. Suitable alkali-
resistant glass fibres are
‘
Cem-
FIL
’
manufactured by Saint
Gobain/Vetrotex and
‘
NEG ARG
Fibre
’
manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass.
为在水泥水化环境中保持高强度保留率而开发各配置的的耐碱连续玻璃纤维。
生产商应该
提供来自供货商的证明以表明玻璃纤维符合这个
要求。适用的耐碱玻璃纤维是圣戈班
/Vetrotex
制造的
‘
Cem-FIL
’
和日本电硝子公司制造的
‘
NEG ARG
纤维
’
。
2.2
Cement
（水泥）
Cement shall be supplied by a
manufacturer of assessed capability and made to
recognized standards acceptable to the specifier
and other parties involved supported by
suitable certification.
水泥应该同具备能力的制造商提供
，应该按照分类和其他相关组织团体接受的标准生产，并有适当的证明作支撑。
Cement shall be correctly stored and
kept dry to avoid deterioration.
水泥应该正确保存，保持干燥避免变质。
2.3
Fine
aggregates
（细集料）
Fine aggregate or sand shall be washed
and dried to remove soluble matter and permit
accurate control of the water/cement
ratio. The particle shape should be
round or irregular and should have a smooth
surface without honeycombing.
细集料或砂应该清洗
和干燥，
除去可溶物质，
以能够准确控制水灰比。
颗粒形状应该是圆形的或不规则的，
应该有光滑的表面而没有蜂窝。
For spray GRC, the
maximum particle size shall be 1.2 mm; for premix
GRC, the maximum particle size shall be 2.4 mm. in
both cases the fraction, i.e. sand
passing a 150 micron sieve, shall be less than 10%
of the total weight of sand.
对于喷射
GRC
，最大颗粒尺寸应该是
2mm
，对于预混
GRC
，最大颗粒尺寸应该是
2.4mm
。两种情况下，细颗料部份即砂通过
15
0
μ
m
筛
的量
应该小于砂子总量的
10%
。
Silica sands are widely
used and should conform to the specification in
Table 1.
广泛使用硅砂，应该符合表
1
中的要求。
Table
1: Specification for silica sand.
表
1
：硅砂的要求
Silica content
>96%
硅含量
Moisture content
<2%
水分含量
Soluble
salts
<1%
可溶盐
Loss-on-ignition
<0.5%
烧失量
Sulphate ion
maximum
4000 ppm
硫酸根离子
Chloride
ion
maximum
600 ppm
氯离子
Sands
with
a
higher
moisture
content
may
be
used
provided
the
moisture
content
is
known
and
the
mix
design
is
altered
accordingly.
可以使用具有较高水分含量的砂子
，按照已知的水分含量，配合比设计随之改变。
Sands other than silica sands may be
used but the producer should provide evidence of
their suitability Soft building sands must
not be used.
也可使用硅砂以外的砂子，但是生
产商应该提供适用性的证据，一定不能使用软质建筑砂。
2.4
Water
（水）
Water shall be clean and free from
deleterious matter.
水应该清洁，无有害物质。
2.5
Admixtures
（外加剂）
Admixtures are permitted and their use
is encouraged as they can enhance the properties
of GRC. They should always be used
strictly in accordance with the
suppliers
’
recommendations
and the producer must ensure that their use has no
adverse effect on
the product.
< br>允许和鼓励使用外加剂，因为它们能够提高
GRC
的性能
，应该按照供货商的推荐严格使用，生产商必须保证它们的使用不会对产品有负
面影响。
Calcium
chloride-based
admixtures
must
not
be
used
if
the
GRC
component
contains
steel
reinforcement,
fixing
sockets
or
other
cast-in devices.
如果构件中有钢筋、固定件或者其它装置，一定不
要使用氯化钙基的外加剂。
2.6
Acrylic
polymers
（丙烯酸聚合物）
Acrylic
thermoplastic
polymer
dispersions
should
be
used
in
accordance
with
the
manufacturers
’
instructions
and
should
conform to the
specification in Table 2.
丙烯酸热塑性聚合物分散剂应
该按照制造商的说明使用，应该符合表
2
要求。
Table 2: specification
for acrylic polymers.
表
2
：丙烯酸聚合物的要求
Compound
type
Aqueous thermoplastic
Polymer dispersion
混合物类型
水溶性热塑性聚合物分散剂
Polymer type
Acrylic based
聚合物类型
丙烯酸基
% solids
45-55%
固含量
45~55%
Appearance
Milky white,
creamy,
free from lumps
外观
奶白色、奶油状、无结块
Minimum film formation temperature
7-12 EC
最低成膜温度
7~12
℃
Ultraviolet resistance
Good
抗紫外线
良好
Alkali resistance
Good
抗碱
良好
Polymers with properties outside the
above specification may be used with the agreement
of the purchaser.
经过购买方的同意，可以使用超出以上性能要求的聚合物。
2.7
Pigments
（颜料）
Powder
pigments
or
dispersions
may
be
used
to
produce
coloured
GRC.
The
pigments
should
conform
to
international
or
national
standards.
The
purchaser
should
recognize
that
colour
variation
may
occur
and
must
agree
an
acceptable
range
of
variation with the
producer.
可以使用粉状颜料或分散剂生产彩色
GR
C
，
颜料应该符合国际标准或国家标准。
购买方应该认可可能发生的颜色变化，
必须与生产商就变
化范
围达成共识。
2.8
Other
component materials
（其它组成材料）
Other component materials (e.g.
microsilica, metakaolin, pulverized fuel ash,
reinforcing fillers), may be added to modify the
properties of the mix. They must be
used in accordance with the
supplier
’
s instruction and
the producer must demonstrate that
their use will not adversely affect the
properties of the GRC.
可以加入其它组成材料（例如微硅灰
、偏高岭土、磨细粉煤灰、增强填充料）以改善混合料的性能。必须按照供货商的说明使用，生产商
必须证实它们的使用不会负面影响
GRC
的性能。<
/p>
3
Composition of GRC in the uncured state
（
GRC
在未养护状态下的组成）
3.1
Mix
design
（配合比设计）
It
is the responsibility of the producer to select a
suitable mix design for the product.
The mix design must be such that the
mechanical properties of the GRC in
Section 8 of the specification are achieved and
that these requirements are consistent with
the engineering design of the product.
为产品选择适当的配合比设计是生产商的责任，配合比设计必须达到本规范第
8
节中
GRC
的力学性能
，而且这些要求要与产品的工程设
计相符合。
The mix design in Table 3
are intended as a guide; design falling outside
these guidelines may be acceptable but should be
scrutinized before use.
表
3
中的配合比设计是为了提供一种指导；可以接受这些引导之外的设计
，但是在使用前应该仔细核查。
Table 3: Guide mix designs.
表
3
：指导性配合比设计
‘
Premix
’
Grade
‘预混’等级
Grade 10
10
级
Grade 10P
10P
级
Grade 5
5
级
Aggregate/cement ratio
集料水泥比
0.5-1.5
0.35-0.40
0.5-1.5
0.35-0.40
0.5-1.5
0.35-0.40
Water/cement ratio
水灰比
Glass fibre
content
(% by total mix weight)
玻璃纤维含量
（混合料总质量的
%
）
2.0-3.5%
2.0-3.5%
1.5-2.5%
Polymer solids content
(% by
cement weight)
聚合物含量（水泥质量的
%<
/p>
）
Nil
5-7%
Nil
‘
Spray
’
Grade
‘喷射’等级
Grade 18
18
级
Grade 18P
18P
级
Aggregate/cement ratio
集料水泥比
Water/cement ratio
水灰比
Glass fibre
content
(% by total mix weight)
玻璃纤维含量
（混合料总质量的
%
）
0.5-1.5
0.325-0.375
0.5-1.5
0.325-0.37
4.0-5.0%
4.0-5.0%
Polymer solids
content
(% by cement weight)
聚合物含量（水泥质量的
%
）
Nil
5-7%
4
Manufacture
（制造）
GRC products manufactured by premix and
spray production methods are covered in this
specification, but other manufacturing
methods may be used providing agreement
is reached between the producer and the purchaser
regarding their use and control.
本规范包括用
预混法和喷射法制造的
GRC
产品，也可使用其它制造方法，但
是关于这种方法的使用和控制应在生产商和购买方之间达成
统一意见。
< br>
4.1
Manufacture by direct
spray
（用直接喷射制造）
4.1.1 Weighing/batching
（称量
/
计量）
Dry
ingredients shall be batched by weight using
calibrated weighing equipment capable of an
accuracy of ±
2% of the stated
batch weight. Liquids should be
weighed, volume batched or automatically
dispensed. The producer must demonstrate that the
method employed will give an accuracy
of ±
2%.
干组分应该用校准的精确度为
±
2%
的称量设备称量，液体应该称量、体积计量或自
动配入，生产商必须证实所用方法的精确度为
±
2%
。
4.1.2
Mixing
（搅拌）
The
cementitious slurry should be mixed in a
‘
high shear
mixer
’
in accordance with
the manufacturer
’
s
instructions and using
the stated mix
design. The producer must demonstrate that this
type of mixing system is to be used. The
consistency of the mix
should be tested
by measuring the slump (see Appendix A) at the
start of each shift and at agreed intervals during
each shift.
应该按照制造商的说明和确定的配合比设计，用‘高剪切搅拌
机’搅拌水泥浆，生产商必须证实使用这种类型的搅拌系统。在每班开始时
和每班生产过
程中的固定间隔，应该通过测试塌落度（见附录
A
）检验混合料
的稠度。
4.1.3
Spraying
（喷射）
Spraying
should
be
carried
out
using
specialist
equipment
that
allows
the
simultaneous
deposition
of
known
quantities
of
cementitious slurry and chopped glass
fibre. Before starting production, the spray
equipment must be calibrated to ensure thar
the specified glass fibre percentage is
achieved. Calibration to measure the deposition
rates of the glass fibre and cementitious
slurry should be carried out using
‘
bag and bucket
tests
’
in accordance with
the methods in Appendices B and C.
应该用允
许同时沉积已知量的水泥浆体和短切纤维的专业设备进行喷射，喷射之前必须校准确设备以保证达到规定的玻璃纤
维含量。为测
试玻璃纤维和水泥浆体比率的校准程序应该按照附录
B
和
C
中‘袋式试验和桶式试验’的
方法进行。
These
tests should be carried out at the beginning of
each shift, after any alteration of the equipment
controls and after any
unsatisfactory
‘
wash
out
’
test results (Section
7.1).
这些试验应该在每班开始时、设备控制有任何改变后和‘洗出试验’结果不
满意（
7.1
节）后进行。
If the equipment used gives
continuous readings of glass and slurry output
these tests need not be carried out.
如果
所用设备给出连续的纤维和浆体输出量读数，则不需要进行这些试验。
A mist coat without fibre
may be sprayed; this coat should be as thin as
practicable and should be followed immediately by
the
first GRC spray.
可以喷射无纤维
的薄雾层，这层应该尽可能的薄，随后应该立即喷射第一层
GRC
。
When a facing
coat is used this may be sprayed or poured and
vibrated. This coat may be allowed to stiffen but
the first GRC
coat must be applied
before initial set takes place.
使用面层材料时
，可以喷射或者浇注和振动。可以允许面层变硬，但是第一层
GRC
必须在初凝之前应该用。
The GRC materials must be sprayed and
built up in thin layers of 3-4 mm until the
required thickness is achieved. The sprayed
GRC should be compacted by a hand
roller before spraying the next layer. After the
final layer has been sprayed the thickness
of the GRC must be checked using a
template or depth gauge and compared to the design
thickness.
喷射
GRC
材
料每一薄层
3~4mm
，直到达到要求的厚度，应该在喷射下一
层之前用手动圆辊密实，最后一层喷射完成后，必须用样板或深
度仪检查
GRC
的厚度并与设计厚度对比。
Unless
specifically
stated
in
the
agreed
product
manufacturing
specification
the
design
thickness
should
be
considered
as
a
minimum and no part of the component
should be below this thickness. Over-thickness
will be permitted and is to be expected
particularly at corners or areas with a
deep profile. It will not be permitted if:
除非在产品制造要求中有特别规定，设计厚度应该被认为是最小值，构件的任何部分都不应该低于这个厚
度，允许超厚，特别希望在拐角
处和有深度轮廓的区域超厚，不允许出现下列情况：
1.
Any flat areas exceed the design
thickness by 4 mm.
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