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形容词的基本概念及用法

作者:高考题库网
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2021-02-10 20:45
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2021年2月10日发(作者:blank什么意思)



形容词的基本概念及用法


< br>一、


形容词的定义:


形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的,< /p>


在句中可用作定语、


表语和宾语补足


语等 。



二、形容词的用法:





用作前置定语,即放在名词前修饰该名词。例如:



China is a great country with a long history.


中国是一个历史悠久的国家。





用作后置定语。形容词修饰不定代 词或形容词短语修饰名词时,需要后置。例如:



He has something important to tell you.


他有重要的事告诉你。



She is a girl good at singing.


她是一位擅长唱歌的女孩。





用作表语。例如:



It was rainy yesterday, but today it is sunny.


昨天下雨,今天天晴。



Your mother seems angry.


你母亲看上去生气了。



The milk in the glass has gone bad.


玻璃杯里的牛奶发臭了。



The leaves turn yellow in autumn.


树叶在秋天变黄。



注意:



有一些形容词在句中只能用作 表语,


我们称之为



表语形容词




初中英语中常见的表语形容


词有:


afraid, alive, alone, asleep, glad, ill (


生病的


), ready, sorry, sure, unable, well (


健康的

)


等。


例如:



I’m sorry not to have been ready for the party.



很抱歉,晚会我还没有准备好。



The children were asleep ju


st now, but now they’re awake.



孩子们刚才在睡觉,现在醒了。



They were unable to help us.


他们没法帮助我们。





用作宾语补足语。例如:



The news made her happy.


那个消息使她很开心。



Who left the door open?


是谁没把门关上?



三、名词化的形容词:



“the


+形容词



具有名词的功能,泛指一类人或 抽象事物。用作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。


可以这样用的形容词有:

< br>blind, dead, old, poor, rich, young


等。例如:



The young are the hope of the country.


年轻人是国家的希望。



The rich are not always happy.


有钱人并不总是快乐。



四、形容词的比较等级:



1.




比较等级的构成:



形容词比较等级分 为原级、


比较级和最高级三种。


比较级和最高级的构成有规则变 化和不规


则变化两种。


规则变化由


“< /p>


原级+


-


er”


构成比较级、



原级+


-


est”


构成最高级,


如:


small



smaller



smallest




形容词比较级的构成规则





.



单音节 和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀



er

< br>和



est


构成比较级和最高级 。如:



long


→longer



→longest



clever



cleverer


cleverest


few



f ewer



fewest


small



smaller


< br>smallest



.



原级以字母


e


结尾,则只加


-r



-st


;如:




large


→larger



→largest



nice



nicer



nic est


cute



cuter



cutest



.



原级以



辅音字母


+y”

结尾,则应将


y


改为


i

< p>
,再加


-er



-est


构成比较级和最高级;如:



busy


→busier



→busiest



easy



easier



ea siest


happy



happi er



happiest



.



原级为 重读闭音节结尾,


且末尾只有一个辅音字母,


则双写这个辅音字 母后再加词尾


-er



-est


构成比较级和最高级。如:



big→



bigger→


biggest


f at



fatter



fattest


thin



thinner



thinnest


hot



hotter



hottest


red



redder



reddest


we t



wetter


< br>wettest



.



多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加


more



most


构成比较级和最高级。如:



useful


→more useful




the most useful




difficult


→more difficult




the most difficult


beautiful



more



beautiful



the most beautiful .



delicious



more delicious



the most delicious


popular



more popular



-the most popular


important



more important



the most important


interesting



more interesting



the most interesting



expensive



more expensive



the most expensive



▲部分双音节词也遵循此变化规律:







careful



more careful



the most careful



useful



more useful



the most useful



▲少数单音节词也是这样,如:



pleased



more pleased



the most pleased



tired



more tried



the most tired







.


比较级和最高级的不规则变化如下表:



原级



bad/badly/ ill(


有病



)


far


good/well


little


many/much


old


比较级



worse


farther



further


better


less


more


older



elder


最高级



worst


farthest


(指距离之“远”)





furthest




抽象


< br>的远,深度)



best


least


most


oldest


(强调年龄,指人、物)



eldest


(强调长幼,只指人)




说明





farther / farthest



further / furthest


作为形容词都可以指距离。例如:



The village was father / further than the bridge.


那个村子比那座桥更远。



What is the farthest / furthest


place you’ve ever been to?



你最远去过哪里?




further


可以用来修饰抽象名词,表示



进一步的;更多的



。例如:



a college of further education


继续教育学院;进修学院



He will need further help.


他将需要进一步的帮助。




elder / eldest


只 用于人,


表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼


(排行)



elder



< br>(年纪)


较大的



< p>
eldest




(年纪 )最大的




elder


不与


than


连用。例如:



He is my elder brother.



他是我的哥哥。(比较:


my younger brother


我的弟弟)



She is my eldest daughter.


她是我的长女。(比较:


my youngest daughter


我最小的女儿)



2.




比较等级的基本用法:



形容词和副词 都有比较等级的用法,以下内容含有对副词比较等级的介绍。





原级用于两者之间进行平级比较,其结构是


“A


is


as…as


B.”

< p>
,意思是


“A



B


一样


…”



例如:< /p>


Mary is as tall as her sister.


玛丽和她姐姐个子一样高。



He can speaks English as well as an Englishman.


他英语说得跟英国人一样好。



She can read twice as fast as he does.


她阅读速度比他快一倍。



该结构的否定式为


“A is not as / so… as B.”



意思是


“A

< p>
不如


B


那样


……”



not as…


多用于


口语,


not so…


多用于书面语。例如:



This room is not as bright as that one.


这间房间没有那间房间亮。



It is not so hot today as it was yesterday.


今天不如昨天热。



He doesn’t work as hard


as me.


(= … as hard as I do.)



他工作不及我努力。





比较级用于两者之间进行比较并且 其中一者在程度上超过另一者,


其结构是


“A is


-er than


B.”


,意思是< /p>


“A



B



……”


。例如:



The sun is bigger than the earth.


太阳比地球大。



My room is smaller than yours.


我的房间比你的小。



The houses here are higher than the ones over there.


这边的楼房比那边的楼房高。





最高级用于三者或三者以上之间进 行比较并且其中一者程度最甚,


其结构是


“A is the


-est


of / in….”


,意 思是


“A


在其中最


……”


。形容词最高级前要用定冠词


the


。例如:


The earth is


bigger than the moon. The sun is bigger than the earth. So it is the biggest of the three.


地球比月

< br>亮大,


太阳比地球大,


所以太阳是三者中最大的。


This building is the tallest in the city.


这座大


楼全市最高。


Tom works hardest in his class.


汤姆在班上学习最努力。



注意




最高 级的比较范围如果是所在群体内的成员,就用


of


引出;如果是 群体所在地,就用


in,


among


等词引出。请比较:


This is the best picture of the three.


这是三幅图画中最好的。


This is


the best picture in the hall.


这是大厅中最好的图画。



3.


比较级前常见修饰语总结:


比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语,表 示


“……


得多






……”


之类的意思。




.


比较级前可用


a little, a bit, a little bit,


等修饰,表示



稍微





一点




如:


It’s a little colder


today than it was yesterday.


今天比昨天稍冷一点。


They’re a little bit better now.


现在他们稍


好一点儿了。




.


比较级前可用


much, far, by far, a lot, a good deal, a great deal, rather


等 修饰,


表示


“……


< br>多



。如:


She’s


a


good


deal


better


today.


她今天好多了。


There


are


far


more


people


than


we


expected.


人比我们预计的多得多。



注意:


quite


也可修饰比较级,


表示


“……


得多




但该比较级通常只限于



better



如:


He’s quite


better now.


他现在好多了。




.


比较级前可用


even, still


修饰,表示




……”


。如:


It was even colder than yesterday.



天比昨天还要冷。


The next day she got up still earlier.


第二天她起床更早些。



注意:




. very



quite



so



too


等一般不修饰 比较级,而多用来修饰原级。




.more


可以构成比较级,一定不能修饰比较级。



4


.比较等级的特殊用法:




“the +


比较级



+ of the two



+


复数名词)



表示



二者之中更


……




< br>例如:


Of the two boys


Mike is the taller one.


迈克是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。



注意:


比较级前一般不加


the



但表示两者中较突出者,


且比较级后又有名词或出现了


of the


two


,这时比较级前一定要加


the


。例如:


Which is the larger country, Canada or Australian?



拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大


?


(区别:


Which is larger, Canada or Australian?



Of the two


jobs



he


chose


the


harder.


在两项工作中他选择了较艰苦的那一个。下列句型中也要加


th e



The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.




more and more


表示



越来


……



……”


。例如:


He has become busier and busier now.


他现


在(变得)越来越忙了。


Computers are becoming more and more important in our work.


电脑


在我们的工作中变得越来越重要。



It is raining more and more heavily now.


现在雨下得越来越大了。





the more… the m ore


表示




……


就越


……”


< br>例如:


The busier he is, the happier he feels.



越忙越高兴。



The more I see it, the less I like it.


那样东西我越看越不喜欢。



本结构常用省略句形式,例如:


The


more


the


better.


越多越好;多多益善。


The


sooner


the


better.


越早越好;(时间上)越快越好。



⑷“


one of + the +


形容词最高级



+

复数名词”表示“最……之一”。最高级前还可以用物


主代词或名词所有格来修饰。


Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.


上海是中国


最美丽的城市之 —。


Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.


我们城市是世界上最安全的


城市之 —。


One of the most important languages is English.


最重要的语言之一是英语。



5.


比较结构的同义转换:




.


原级与比较级之间的转换:





.


英语的几种倍数表达方法


:


A. < /p>


表示



几倍大小(长短;数量)



,由



倍数


+ the size



length



amount…



o f…”


结构组成。


例如:


The earth is forth-nine times the size of the moon.


地球是月亮的


49


倍大。

< br>


B.


表示


“……

< p>


……


大几倍






倍数

< p>
+


形容词


(副词)


比较级



结构组成。


例如:

< br>This box is


three times bigger than that one.


这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。



C.


表示


“……


……




,由



倍数


+


as


+


形容词原级


+


as


+”


结构组成。例如:


Our


factory


is


twice as big as theirs.


我们的工厂是他们的三倍。


I have three times as many as you.


我有你三


倍那么多。



注意


: “


一倍




once



两倍





twice



< br>三倍




three times


其他依次类推。




.not so / as ... as


与比较级之间的转换。如:


Miss Zhang isn't so old as Miss Wang. →Miss


Wang is older than Miss Zhang. / Miss Zhang is younger than Miss Wang.




.


最高级与比较级之间的转换:





.


最高级与比较级


+ than any other +


名词单数之间的转换。


如:


Wei Hua is the tallest boy in his


class. →Wei Hua is taller than any other b


oy in his class. / Wei Hua is taller than the other boys in


his class.


< br>.


最高级与比较级


+than any of the other +


名词复数



/ than the other two


之间的转换。如:


Robert is the best


student in the school. →Robert is better than any of the other students in the


school.


注意:


比较级是同类 别之间进行比较,不同类之间不可以比较:



The weather here is much colder than Beijing. (F)




The weather here is much colder than that in Beijing. (T)


The people in China are more friendly than those in America.


Tom has shorter hair than Jim. =Tom’s hair is shorter than Jim’s.



6.


多个形容词作定语时的位置


:


“冠代 数形大,


新色国材名”



意思是


“冠词、


代词、


数词放在前面,


而形容词又根据大小、


新旧、颜色、国籍、材料的顺序依次排列修饰名词”。



例如:


A small round table


一张小圆




A tall white building


一幢高大的白色建筑物



A dirty old black shirt


一件又脏又旧的黑色


衬衣



A famous American medical school


一个非常著名的美国医学院




【考题分析】



1



-------In our English study



reading is more important than speaking, I think.


-------


I don’t agree. Speaking is


__________ reading.


A. as important as






B. so important as







C. the most important






D. the same as

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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