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新概念第一册
知识点总结（全）
名词
名词包括可数名词和不可数名词
，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没
有。
可数名词单数变复数规则：
1)
单数名词加
s:
students, apples, bags, trees, books,
brothers.
?
2)
以
s
、
x
、
sh
、
ch
结尾的名词加
es: glasses, boxes, brushes,
matches.
?
3)
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的名词，变
< br>y
为
i
加
es: cities, babies,
enemies.
?
4)
以
f
或
fe
结尾的名词，多数变
f
为
v
加
es:
wives,
knives.
但有些词只加
s:
roofs, proof s,
chiefs.
?
5)
以
o
结尾的名词，有些加
e
s: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes,
potatoes.
其它加
s:
radios, zoos, pianos,
photos.
?
6)
不
规
则
名
< br>词
：
foot→feet,
goose→geese,
tooth→teeth,
child→children,
man→men,
woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer,
mouse→m
ice.
代词
第
一
人
称
第
二
人
第
三
人
称
称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单
数
复数
人
主
格
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
称
代
宾
格
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
词
物
形
容
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
主
词性
代
名
词
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
词
性
I.
人
称代词
:
人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式
.
主格通常做主语。宾格通常
做动词或介词的宾语
.
Eg:
a.
I
’m a nurse.
b.
Could you
help me ?
II.
物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词
. <
/p>
形容词性的物主代词
:
相当于形容词
,
后面要跟名词
,
指定名词的所属对
象
.
1
名词性的物主代词
:
相当于一个名词
,
必须单独
使用，后面不能再跟名词
.
Eg:
a. Your school is small,
mine is big.(=my school)
b. This is not
your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)
时态
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：
always,
usually,
often,
sometimes,
every
week
(day,
year,
month…),
once
a
week, on Sundays…
基本结构：
①
be
动词；
②
行为动词
否定形式：
①
am/is/are+
not
;
②
此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其
前
加
don't
,
如主语为第三人称单数，则用
doesn't
，同时
还原
行为动词。
一
般疑问句：
①
把
be
< br>动词放于句首；
②
用助动词
do
提问，如主语为第三
人称单数，则用
d
oes
，同时，还原行为动词。
My
father is a doctor.
Tom isn’t at
home.
Are they policemen?
I often get up at 7 o’clock every
morning.
He doesn’t like
apples.
Do you always read
before going to bed?
What do you
usually do on Sundays?
一般现在
时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化
规则如下：
2
1)
一般情况下，动词后面直接加
-s.
例如：
works gets says reads
2)
以
s
，
x <
/p>
，
ch
，
sh<
/p>
或
o
结尾的动词，在后面加
-es
。
例如：
goes teaches washes
3)
以辅音字母
+
y
结尾的动词，把
y
变为
i
再加
-es.
例如：
studies tries carries
特殊情况：动词
have
的第三人称单数是
has
。
例如：
He has an
interesting book.
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时
间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、
行为。
时间状语：
ago,
yesterday,
the
day
before
yesterday,
last
week(year,
night,
month…), in 1989, just now, at the age
of 5, the other day, long long ago,
once
upon a time,
….
基本结构：
①
< br>be
动词；
②
行为动词
否定形式：
①
was
/were+
not
;
②
在行为动词前加
didn't
，同时
还原
行为动词。
一般疑问句
：
①
was
或
were
放于句首；
②
用助动词
do
的过去式
did
提问，
同时还原行为动词。
I was at my mother’s last
week.
Once upon a time,
there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow
White.
Lucy went to America five months
ago.
I didn’t go to the cinema last
night.
Did Lily dance at the
party?
3
What did you do yesterday?
动词的过去式变化：
be
动词：
am/is-----
was
are---were
规则动词：
1.
< br>直接在词尾加
-ed
。如
:
want
—
wanted,
work
—
worked,
need
—
needed,
clean
—
cleaned
2.
以不发音的
e
< br>结尾的在词尾加
-d
。如：
li
ke
—
liked,
live
—
lived,
use
—
used,
move
—
moved
3.
以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，
先双写结尾的
辅音字母，再加
-ed
。
如：
stop
—
stopped,
trip
—
tripped
4. <
/p>
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词，
先把
y
变成
i
，
再加
-ed
。
如：
study
—
st
udied,
carry
—
carried,
hurry
—
hurried,
marry
—
married
不规则动词：
Have-had
eat-ate
drink-drank
go-went
come-
came
see-saw
hear-heard
put-
put
cut-cut
等等
三、现在进行时
：
< br>概念：表示
此时此刻或现阶段正在
进行的动作及行为。<
/p>
时间状语：
now, at this
time, these days, …
基本结构：
am/is/are+doing
否定形式：
am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把
be
动词放于句首。
They are playing basketball on
the playground.
I am not reading
anything.
4
Is he waiting for the bus?
What are you doing now?
动词
ing
形式的变化规则：
1
一般情况下，直接在动词后加－
ing
work ---- working
sleep -----
sleeping
study -----
studying
2
动词以不发音的－
e
结尾，要去－
e
加－
ing
take -----
taking
make ----- making
dance ----- dancing
3
重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加－
ing
cut -----
cutting
put ----- putting
begin ------ beginning
4
以－
i
e
结尾的动词，把变成
y
再加－
ing
lie
----- lying
tie ----- tying
die ----- dying
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某
段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：
at this time yesterday,
at that time
或以
when
引导的谓语动词是一
般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：
was/were+doing
否定形式：
was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把
was
或
were
放于句首。
I
was listening to the radio at 7 this morning.
He was cleaning the car when I arrived.
What was he doing at this time
yesterday?
五、现在完成时：
< br>概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已
5
经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：
already, just,yet,
since…, for…,….
基本结构：
have/has + done
否定形式：
have/has + not +done. <
/p>
一般疑问句：
have
或
has
。
He has
lost his wallet.
I have already had my
lunch.
David hasn’t finished his
homework yet.
Have you seen
this film?
Mary has been a translator
for 20 years.
They have lived here
since 1987.
How long have you lived
here?
动词过去分词变化规则：
规则动词：规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同，包括
4
条。
1.
直接在词尾加
-ed
。如
:
want
—
wanted,
work
—
worked,
need
—
needed,
clean
—
cleaned
2.
以不发音的
e
< br>结尾的在词尾加
-d
。如：
li
ke
—
liked,
live
—
lived,
use
—
used,
move
—
moved
3.
以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，
先双写结尾的
辅音字母，再加
-ed
。
如：
stop
—
stopped,
trip
—
tripped
4. <
/p>
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词，
先把
y
变成
i
，
再加
-ed
。
如：
study
—
st
udied,
carry
—
carried,
hurry
—
hurried,
marry
—
married
6
不规则动词：需要特殊记忆。
Be
动词
-been
have-had
go-gone
come-come
eat-
eaten
drink-drunk
等等
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个
时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某
动作之前完成的行为，即
“
过去的过去
”
。
时间状语：
before,
after….
基本结构：
had
+ done.
否定形式：
had + not +
done.
一般疑问句：
had
放于
句首。
The bus had already left
before I arrived at the station.
He
went to the park after he had finished his work.
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发
生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：
tomorrow, next
day(week,
month,
year…),soon, in a few
minutes,
the day after
tomorrow, …
基本结构：
①
am/is/are
going to +
do
；
②
will + do.
否定形式：
①
am/is/are
not going to +
do
；
②
will not + do
一般疑问句：
①
be
< br>放于句首；
②
will
提到句首
。
My family are going to
Beijing next week.
It is going to rain.
He will be 11 years old next year.
We will leave in two hours.
7
情态动词
我们学过的情态动词有
can, could, may,
must, had better, have to
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形。
Can
1,
表示能力，
“
能够
…”
I can swim very well.
He
can’t sing or dance.
2,
表示请求，
“
可以
…<
/p>
吗？
”
Can I help you?
Can you give the glass to me, please?
Could
1, can
的过去式，
表示过去的能力，
“
能够
…”
He
could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he
can’t.
2,
表示请求，比
can
更加委婉客气，
此时
could
非
can
的过去式。
Could you help me, please?
Could you bring the book to
me?
Could I
borrow your bike?
May
表示请求，比
can
稍加委婉客气。
“
可以
…
吗？
”
May I come in?
May I
use your pen?
Must
8
1,
表示
“
必须
…”
I must go now.
You must finish your work before you
leave the company.
2, mustn’t
表示
“
禁止
…”
Kate
，
you mustn’t
play with the knife, because it
is too
dangerous.
You
mustn’t smoke in the classroom.
Had better
“
最好
…”
否定形式：
had better not
You had better put on more clothes. It
is cold outside.
We’d better leave at
once.
You had better not eat
eggs.
You’d better not go out at this
time.
Have to
“
不得不
…”
David has to take care of his litter
sister because his parents are not at home.
They have to stay at home because it is
raining heavily outside.
形容词的原级，比较级和最高级
（一）规则变化：
1
．绝大多数的单音节，词尾加
-er
，
-est
tall
—
taller
—
talle
st
2
．以不发音的
e
结尾的单音节词只加
-r
，
-st
nice
—
nicer
—
nicest ,
abl
e
—
abler
—
ablest
3
．以辅音字母
加
y
结尾的双音节词，改
y
为
i
再加
-er
，
-est
9
easy
—
easier
—
easiest
4
．只包含一个元音，并且以一个辅
音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写结尾
的辅音字母，再加
-er
，
-est
big
< br>—
bigger
—
bigges
t
hot-hotter-hottest
5
< br>．少数以
-er
，
-ow
结尾的双音节词末尾加
-er
，
-est
clever
—
cleverer
—
clevere
st,
narrow
—
narrower
—
n
arrowest
6
．其他双音节
词和多音节词，在前面加
more
，
m
ost
来构成比较级和最高
级
Beautiful---more beautiful
---most beautiful
Expensive---more
expensive---most expensive
（二）不规则变化
常见的有：
good / well
—
better
—
best
bad /badly/ ill
—
worse
—
wo
rst
many / much
—
more
—
most
little
—
less
—
least
用法：
1
．
原级：
as +
形容词原级
+as
（否定为
not so/as +
形容词原级
+as
）
“…
和
…
一样
…”
This room is
as big as that one.
I have as many
books as you have.
You are not as tall
as I.
2
．
比较级
+ than
用于两者之间的比较
“…
比
…
更
…”
This shirt is cheaper.
10
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