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（完整版）新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第一
册
< br>UNIT5~UNIT8
习题答案
Unit 5 > Key to Book
Exercises
Listen and
Respond
Task One Focusing on
the Main Ideas
Choose the
best answer to complete each of the following
sentences
according to the information
contained in the listening passage.
1) The first main point the speaker
talks about is ________.
A)
what personality means
B)
when a person’s personality starts to
develop
C) how to express
one’s personality
D) how to
solve personality problems
2) According to the
speaker, psychologists ________.
A) often emphasize the importance of
friendship
B) often like to
find similarities among people
C) usually find it hard to explain
personality
D) usually
interpret personality differently
3) People can
be roughly put into ________.
A) 5 categories B) 4
categories
C) 3 categories
D) 2 categories
4) To put people into
different categories and compare them,
psychologists
often
________.
A) use tests
B) talk to people
C) observe people D) do a lot of
reading
5) With the aid of knowledge about
personality, we can ________.
A) provide more help to each
other
B) conduct some
research on our own
C)
improve our relationship with others
D) have better communication with
others
Task Two
Zooming In on the
Details
Listen to the
recording again and fill in each of the blanks
according
to what you have
heard.
1) Different
psychologists
explain
personality in different
ways.
2) Introverts are people who are
quiet
or like to
spend time at home
reading
and doing their
own things
whereas
extroverts
are those who
enjoy
going out and spending time with other
people
.
3) If we know a person’s
personality, we will be able to
understand
him /
her better, which will help to make our
relationship with this person
stronger
.
4) One way to
help an introvert is to make him / her feel
comfortable
when
he / she is with a group of people he /
she has never met before.
5) We can change and
improve
ourselves if we know
our own personality.
Text A
Task One
Discovering the
Main Ideas
1 Answer the
following questions with the information contained
in
Text A.
1)
Does the writer support the idea that “one’s
personality can be summed up
in a
word”? (Para. 2) What evidence in the text can you
find to support your
answer?
No. The writer does not
support the idea. In fact, he says that when
we take a closer look at personality,
we will see that it is not as
simple as
that.
2) Of the two main factors (heredity
and environment) that influence one’s
personality, which one has a greater
influence?
The writer does
not indicate which of the two factors has a
greater
influence because no one really
knows. In addition, the combination
of
both influences may vary from one person to
another.
3) How does family environment affect a
child’s personality?
Home
life affects a child’s growth. A child who feels
loved and
secure at home is more likely
to develop positive traits than those
who grow up in a troubled family.
4)
According to the writer, when is the best time for
a person to develop his /
her
personality? Why?
The
writer thinks that the best time to develop a
person’s
personality is during his /
her adolescence. This is because it is
easier for one to absorb new things
when one is learning.
2 There are two main ideas
about personality in Text A. Point them
out and list the supporting ideas that
help develop each main idea.
Main Idea 1:
What
is personality or the
definition of personality.
Supporting
Ideas:
Three elements of
personality: emotional, social,
intellectual
Main Idea 2:
The
two factors that influence personality development
are heredity
and
environment.
Supporting Ideas:
Heredity and its influence; Environment
and its influence; Best
stage / life
phase to develop personality
Task Two
Reading Between the Lines
Read the following statements and then
decide whether each of
them is true or
false based on the information in the text. Write
T for
True and F for False in the space
provided before each statement.
1)
T
A person’s
look and personality make him / her unique
(
独特
).
2)
F
Because we experience the same
emotions, we express them in almost
the
same way.
(Though we
experience the same basic emotions, we respond to
them individually.)
3)
T
People who enjoy being alone instead of
being in the company of others
are
unsociable.
4)
F
We will not
know the true personality of a person just by
looking at the
way he / she behaves.
(We will know the true
personality of a person by looking at how
he / she behaves as the emotional,
social, and intellectual traits
of
personality become apparent to others through
behaviors.)
5)
T
There is a
greater possibility that children who grow up in
broken
families develop less desirable
personalities.
6)
T
Building
personality traits is comparable to building any
other skills that
one wants to learn or
cultivate.
Read and Explore
Checking Your Vocabulary
1 Play detective and find the required
word or phrase in Text B
according to
the clues given. Then, make at least two sentences
with each of the words or phrases you
have found. The number of
the paragraph
in which the target word or phrase appears is
given in
brackets.
1) A noun meaning “a liking for one
thing rather than another”: (Para. 2)
Write down the target word here:
preference
a.
It is really difficult to tell you how
much salt to add to this dish as
it
depends on individual preference.
b.
Please indicate your
preference in the registration form so that
the organizer knows which workshop you
would like to attend.
2) A verb meaning “to
increase in size, number, volume, degree, etc.”:
(Para.
3)
Write
down the target word here:
expand
a.
After three years of profit making, he
expanded his grocery shop
into a
supermarket.
b.
If you do not watch what you eat, your
waist will expand.
3) A phrase meaning “safe
from; untroubled or uncontrolled by”: (Para.
4)
Write down the target
phrase here:
free from
a.
I am thinking of quitting
my job in the city and moving to the
countryside to lead a carefree life,
free from pollution and stress.
b.
To be happy is to be free
from worries.
4) An adjective meaning
“chief;
main; principal”:
(Para. 5)
Write down the
target word here:
primary
a.
The primary objective of
this research is to find out how regularly
people in different age groups
exercise.
b.
The
police have just arrested the primary suspect of a
murder
case.
5) An adverb meaning “as a
result; therefore”: (Para. 5)
Write down the target word here:
consequently
a.
The serious soil pollution is a danger
to agriculture and
consequently to
human health.
b.
We are confronted with a lot of
problems; consequently no one in
our
group is free from worry.
6) An adverb meaning
“connected with or happening in the mind”: (Para.
6)
Write down the target
word here:
mentally
a.
The boy is physically
healthy and strong, but mentally he is not
sound and healthy.
b.
It’s going to be a tough
competition, but I’m mentally prepared
for it.
7) A phrase meaning “to be
anxious or worried about sth. or sb.”: (Para.
7)
Write down the target
phrase here:
be / become concerned
about
a.
My
mother has been sick for the past few weeks and I
am so
concerned about her
health.
b.
The
boss is very concerned about the way his secretary
carries out
her duties.
8) A noun
meaning “faithfulness or a devotion to a person,
country, group,
or cause,
etc.”: (Para. 9)
Write down
the target word here:
loyalty
a.
The prize is seen as a reward for his
loyalty to the company.
b.
Their loyalty to the cause had never
been in doubt.
9) A phrase meaning “to be satisfied or
quietly happy”: (Para. 9)
Write down the target phrase here:
be content with
a.
My parents always tell me
that in order to be happy, we must
learn to be content with what we
have.
b.
James is
not content with his current job so he is actively
looking
for another one.
10) A verb
meaning “to lose or give up, especially for a good
purpose
or to
gain a desirable result”: (Para.
9)
Write down the target
word here:
sacrifice
a.
In some ancient cultures,
human beings were sacrificed as gifts to
gods.
b.
Because the talk on mental health is
important, I have to sacrifice
my lunch
to attend it.
11) An adjective meaning “giving equal
attention to all sides or all opinions”:
(Para. 10)
Write
down the target word here:
balanced
a.
The news report presents a balanced
view of the two sides of the
conflict.
b.
In today’s newspaper there is a
balanced
and impartial report of
the election campaign.
12) An adverb
meaning “usually; in the usual or ordinary way”:
(Para. 10)
Write down the
target word here:
normally
a.
I normally go to bed
early, but I stayed up last night.
b.
Though he has failed in
the mid-term exam, he is now behaving
rather normally.
2 Rewrite each of the
following sentences with a phrase that
appears in Text B. Focus on the
italicized parts. The number of the
paragraph in which the target phrase
appears is given in brackets.
1) They did not have enough fund for
the research project and they were
short of hands then, but they
accepted the unsatisfactory situation
cheerfully
and managed as well as they
could.
(Para. 3)
They did not have enough fund for the
research project and they
were short of
hands, but they managed to make the best of
it.
2) Joe
is unable to get away
from
a relationship that he doesn’t
enjoy. (Para.
6)
Joe is stuck in a relationship that he
doesn’t enjoy.
3) I bought this car six years ago and
it is still
in good
condition
; I don’t
think I need to buy a new one now.
(Para. 7)
I bought this car
six years ago and it is still in good shape; I
don’t
think I need to buy a new one
now.
4) Jenny has
made a choice
of
studying film-making instead of
computer
science. (Para.
7)
Jenny has opted for
studying film-making instead of computer
science.
5) Since the fight with his
parents a few days ago, he has
stopped
listening to
them and closed himself
off
from everything. (Para.
8)
Since the fight with his
parents a few days ago, he has shut himself
off from everything.
6) At your age,
you should
know what you want to do in
life and what you
want to achieve
instead of letting your parents make
decisions for you.
(Para.
9)
At your age, you should
be in (total) control of your life instead of
letting your parents make decisions for
you.
7) She got a divorce and finally
got rid of the control of
her abusive husband.
(Para.
9)
She got a divorce and
finally broke away from her abusive
husband.
8) The forecasters say more snow is
due to come in the near future.
(Para.
10)
The forecasters say more snow is on the
way.
Checking Your Comprehension
1 Based on the information contained in
Text B, match the colors in
Column A
with the descriptions of personality in Column B.
Write
down the corresponding letter in
the space provided.
Column A
Column B
1) Red
b
a. sb. who
probably likes fairy tales a lot
2) Yellow
g
b. sb. who has
a strong will to win
3)
Green
e
c. sb. who
doesn’t feel
safe
4) Violet
a
d.
sb. who is happy with whatever he / she
has
5) Brown
c
e.
sb. who will not give up easily
6) Grey
h
f. sb. who is willing to fight hard to
change his / her current
life
7) Blue
d
g. sb. who
doesn’t like a hectic and bu
sy
lifestyle
8) Black
f
h. sb. who probably cannot
make up his / her mind easily
2 Based on the
information provided in the text, summarize what
each colour says about the person who
chooses it as his / her
favourite
colour. Write down your answers in the space
provided.
Colour
What It
Represents
Red
impulsive, sexy
and having the will to win
Yellow
ambitious and
eager to please
Green
persistent, possessive and
rather selfish
Violet
mentally and physically
immature, living in a
fantasy
world
Brown
restless and insecure
Grey
unwilling to make a commitment,
choosing to be
left alone
Blue
sensitive and easily
hurt
Black
willing to fight against
fate
Optional Classroom
Activities
2 Think of a
person you know well. He / She could be a family
member or a friend. Write down five
personality traits that can best
describe him / her and give examples to
support your description.
Personality Traits
Hardworking
Examples
He
opened a small grocery shop in a small
village.
He worked almost 18
hours a day and never took a holiday.
Personality
Traits
Kind
Examples
He would
allow very poor customers to pay for the things
they took
on an instalment
(
分期付款
) basis.
Personality
Traits
Strict
Examples
He would
not tolerate misbehaviour from his children.
He would punish them when
they were in the wrong.
Personality Traits
Persistent
Although life was tough, he never gave
up and persisted in keeping
his shop
open.
Personality Traits
Sociable
He could
get along with almost everyone in his village
whether they
were children, adults or
old people.
Enhance Your Language
Awareness
Words in
Action
Working with Words
and Expressions
1 In the
boxes below are some of the words you have learned
in this
unit. Complete the following
sentences with them. Change the form
where necessary.
1) The film
reveals
the complicated social relations during
the 1970’s.
2) His mother criticized him for
behaving
badly towards the
guest.
3) He is a competent doctor and can
handle
his patients very
efficiently.
4) His teachings have
influenced
the lives of
millions.
5) OK, I’ve done everything you asked.
Now are you
satisfied
?
6) Though small
in size, this press (
出版社
)
produces many
entertaining
and educational books for children
every year.
7) If he dies without making a will
(
遗嘱
), his closest relative
will
inherit
the
house.
8) Whatever you say will
not
affect
my
decision; so it’s no use arguing with
me.
9) The whole world is now
confronted
with the problem
of terrorism (
恐怖主
义
).
10) The escaped criminal offered no
resistance
when the police
caught up
with him.
11) Being an
introvert, I felt quite
isolated
during the first few weeks of
college life.
12) Since we have only two
professors of psychology, we have to
restrict
the
number of students on this
course.
13) Though she answered all the
questions, she was not
optimistic
about
the result of the
exam.
14) Don’t be so
selfish
; let us share your
books.
15) Don’t mention that she has put on
weight; she is rather
sensitive
about
it.
2 In the boxes
below are some of the expressions you have learned
in this unit. Do you understand their
meanings? Do you know how to
use them
in the proper context? Now check for yourself by
doing the
blank-filling exercise.
Change the form where necessary.
1) The chairman of the Science Club
summed up
the meeting by
repeating
the main points
discussed.
2) We hope that our research will
have an impact on
the
environment,
especially the quality of
air in cities.
3) I know you are still angry with John
but please be polite when you
respond
to
his questions.
4) Reading
books and travelling across the country can surely
expand your
horizons
.
5) My lecture
today
falls into
three
sections.
6) Listen to her voice, you can hear
her professional training
at
work
.
7) During the examination
period, I would like to
shut myself off
from
everything and just
focus on my studies.
8) I did so badly in my
last two tests that I feel I am no longer
in control of
my
studies.
9) I want to live a happy life,
free from
problems and
worries, but it is just
so
difficult.
10) Unless you are
in good
shape
physically, you will not be able
to climb
the Great Wall.
3 The
underlined words in the short text below are
incorrectly used.
Read the text
carefully and replace each of them with a word
given
in the box. The first correct
answer is already given.
Kathy is a 1)
combination . Not only is she good in
her studies, she is
also a top swimmer
and someone who plays the piano well. The 2)
growth
of her talents, in study and in sports,
makes her a popular student in school.
Although she is already so good, she
still tries to 3) vary ways to improve
herself. One 4)
individual
example is that she reads all kinds of
books and
does not 5)
dominate
herself
to only one type. The topics of her books 6)
spread
from social subjects such as health,
education, and environment to
science
and technology. Kathy thinks that reading can 7)
restrict
her
knowledge and help her a
lot in her 8)
opportunity
as a good individual.
She is persistent and never gets tired
of learning.
In terms of
personality, Kathy is kind and helpful. She is not
proud at all;
nor does she isolate
herself. In fact, she likes the 9)
element
of her
friends
and often goes out with them to
watch a movie or just to be with them.
When talking to her friends, Kathy does
not 10)
seek
the conversation.
Instead,
everyone has an equal 11)
availability
to
speak. When any of her
friends has a
problem, whether it is academic or emotional, she
will definitely
help them. In short,
Kathy is a pleasant and positive
person.
1) high-achiever
2)
combination
3)
seek
4)
specific
5)
restrict
6)
vary
7)
expand
8)
growth
9)
company
10)
dominate
11)
opportunity
Increasing Your
Word Power
1 Select from
among the adjectives in the box and produce as
many
appropriate collocations as you
can with the target nouns in the
following sentences. Some of the
adjectives may be used more than
once.
1) When a
person is angry, he / she may speak using
aggressive
/
sarcastic
/
harsh
/
negative
words.
2) If you are standing on
top of a mountain, what you see could be described
as a(n)
magical
/
mystical
view.
3) Because my
mother does not like my boyfriend, she has a(n)
negative
/
critical
opinion of
him.
4) Mary is such a nice girl. She has
a(n)
magical
/
outgoing
/
optimistic
personality.
5) Professor White has been
described as a highly
intellectual
scholar who
has published a
lot in his field.
2 Complete the following
sentences by choosing a most suitable
adverb from among those given in the
box.
1) He is always
sleeping in class.
Evidently
, he is not
interested in this
subject.
2) This is not
a group activity. Therefore, you will have to do
the exercise
individually
.
3) If you are
not
absolutely
sure of what
happened, you should not say that
you
know everything about the accident.
4) My good
friend is
consistently /evidently /
absolutely
good in his
work.
For the past ten years, he has never made a single
mistake.
5) I spent most of the money that my
father gave me in the first few weeks
at the university.
Consequently
, I had very
little towards the end of the
semester
and had to borrow from friends.
6) Throwing a
party is tiring both
mentally /
physically
and
physically /
mentally
; the host / hostess
has to think of what to prepare, make the
necessary preparations, and make sure
that everybody feels welcome.
7) As far as I
know, Dr Zhou is
probably / absolutely
the best heart doctor
in
this province.
8) Xiaohui is one of the most motivated
students I know. She does everything
eagerly
and
enthusiastically
.
9) A strong
person will not be
easily
influenced by the environment.
10)
Normally
, he is very quiet
and mild but today he is so aggressive and
violent.
3 Did you notice the
suffixes -
ity/ty
,
-
ic/ical
in words such as
loyalty, reality, optimistic, mythical
in this unit? The suffixes
-
ity/ty
can be
added to many adjectives to form nouns, and
-
ic/ical
can be
put after many nouns to form
adjectives. Change the words given in
brackets into nouns or adjectives, and
then fill them into the blanks.
1) This job requires a person to have
the following
personality
(personal)
traits:
sensitivity
(sensitive) and
loyalty
(loyal).
2) His
mysterious disappearance added to the
complexity
(complex) of the
incident.
3)
Mutuality
(Mutual) of respect is vital in
sustaining a lifetime friendship.
4) It was
obvious that the project leader’s
stupidity
(stupid) was the
cause
of failure.
5) The robbers
were able to plan their robbery of him due to the
regularity
(regular) of his
visits to the same bank.
6) The
readability
(readable) of
your writing relies on avoiding common
spelling and
grammatical
(grammar) errors.
7) Generally,
romantic
(romance) poems
depend on subjective imagination,
while
realistic
(reality) poems
focus on objective portrayal.
8) Too much
stress may lead to
biological
(biology) and
psychological
(psychology) disorders.
9) The social
phenomenon can be analyzed from
historical
(history),
economic
(economy) and
political
(politics) points
of view.
10) The paper conducts a
systematic
(system) and
logical
(logic) research
on how to enhance college students’
language competence.
Grammar in
Context
Study the following
sentences that appear in this unit and reflect on
the gradable adjectives or adverbs in
comparative forms. And then
do the
following two tasks.
Task 2:
Talk in pairs about the following themes by way of
making
comparisons, using as many
adjectives / adverbs as you can think of
in their comparative and superlative
degrees.
Cities (Hints:
Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc.)
It is much colder in winter in Beijing
than in Shanghai. It is colder in
winter in Shanghai than in Guangzhou.
Of all the three cities, Beijing
is the
coldest city in winter.
Sports (Hints: football,
basketball, surfing, etc.)
Among the three sports, I like football
the best. Surfing also sounds
interesting, but it takes a lot more
training to be able to do it than
the
other two sports.
Writers (Hints: Lu Xun, Mao
Dun, Charles Dickens, Shakespeare,
etc.)
I know Lu Xun better
than the other writers. Lu Xun is one of the
most famous writers in China and he is
a modern writer.
Shakespeare is famous,
but I think his plays are the most difficult to
read.
Films (Hints:
The Sound of Music
,
Gone with the Wind
,
The Pianist
,
etc.)
I think Gone with the
Wind is very interesting, but it is the longest
movie among the three. The Sound of
Music is the lightest among
the three
and I like it much more than I do The
Pianist.
Universities (Hints: Tsinghua
University, Peking University, the university
where you are studying now,
etc.)
Peking University and
Tsinghua University are the two most famous
universities in China. They are also
among the best universities in
the
world. As far as I know, Peking University is
better known for its
arts courses and
Tsinghua is better known for its science
courses.
Cloze
Complete
the following passage with words chosen from this
unit.
The initial letter of each is
given.
When a person is
born, he / she has a set of personalities that
make him /
her different from others.
Psychologists believe that colors are sometimes a
good way to i
ndicate
(1) how a person behaves and the way he
/ she
r
esponds
(2) to things that are happening to him
/ her. They can also
r
epresent / reflect
(3) personality traits. Nonetheless, we
cannot be
a
bsolutely
(4) sure about a person’s
characteristics by just looking at his /
her p
reference
(5) for certain colors. Therefore, we
should not be h
arsh
(6)
and critical towards a person just
because he / she likes a s
pecific
(7) color
that does not
represent some positive t
raits
(8) or characteristics.
Psychologists also believe that
everyone can develop or change his / her
personality. For example, if an
i
ndividual
(9) wants to
correct his / her
negative traits such
as his / her i
mmature
(10)
behavior, he / she has to
make an
e
ffort
(11) to do so. He /
She has to be p
ersistent
(12) and keep
working hard
to ensure that he / she can a
chieve
(13) his / her goal.
Therefore, if a person is determined,
he / she can change the traits he / she
i
nherits
(14)
from his / her parents. The important thing is to
change for the
better and not for the
worse.
Translation
Translate the following sentences into
English, using the words and
expressions given in
brackets.
1)
威廉非常
喜欢那女孩子，所以他尽力讨好她，并且很有信心可以赢得她的
心。
(impress
；
optim
istic)
William likes the
girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her
and is
optimistic that he will win her
heart.
2)
他有创造性，对未来也有很好的判断力，可就是喜欢秘而
不宣。
(creative;
vision; keep sth. to
oneself)
He is very creative
and has a good vision of the future, but he likes
to keep things to himself.
3)
他
们来自一个贫穷的小山村，那里的人们远离现代文明。
(shut
off)
They came from a poor
village where people were shut off from
modern civilization.
4)
我
们要努力工作，争取达到我们所订下的目标。
(achieve the goals;
make
an /
the
effort)
We must work hard
and make an effort to achieve the goals that we
have set.
5)
我们应该满足于我们所拥有的
一切，不该对周围的事情太吹毛求疵。
(be
content with; critical)
We should learn to be content with all
that we have and should not
be too
critical about things around us.
6)
他们经常代表学校参加辩论比赛
;
今晚我们将聚会庆祝他们的成功。
(represent; throw a party)
They often represent our school in
debating competitions; tonight
we will
throw a party to celebrate their
success.
7)
通过读书，他不仅开阔了视野，而且学会了不断完善自己
的人格。
(expand
one’s
horizons
；
improve)
Through reading, not only has he
expanded his horizon, he has also
learned to keep improving his
character.
8)
为把那个女孩从火中救出，两名警察牺牲了他们的生命。
(sacrifice)
Two
policemen sacrificed their lives in order to save
that girl from
the fire.
9)
稳
定的、无冲突的夫妻关系对家庭中的孩子有好处。
(stable,
conflict)
A stable
relationship without conflicts between husband and
wife
benefits the children in the
family.
10)
不要抱怨命运，尽可能好地享受自己的生活。
(fate,
make the best of)
Don’t
complain about your fate and make the best of your
life.
Crossword Puzzles are a fun way to
learn words. Below is a
crossword
puzzle for you to practice the words that you have
learned in this unit. Look at the clues
and fill in the boxes with the
correct
words.
Clues:
Across
(
横向
)
1. John is an
optimistic
(
a.
) person. He
always thinks positively.
2. This is a great
opportunity
(
n.
) for me to
say something to everyone.
3. You should try to
expand
(
vt.
) this idea
by giving some examples.
4. I used to
represent
(
vt.
) my school
in the table tennis competition.
5. Although she
is already 30 years old, she behaves like a child,
not like a
mature
(
a.
)
person.
Down
(
纵向
)
6. Jane is a friendly and
outgoing
(
a.
) person. She
likes to get to know
people
and go out with friends.
7. My best
friend is a very intelligent person. He is
consistently
(
ad.
) the
top
student in our
school.
8. When we say something is
intellectual
(
a.
), we usually
mean something
that has to
do with the mind.
9. My
primary
(
a.
) objective of
coming to school is to study hard and get
into
a good
university.
10. When a person dies, his / her
family members will
inherit
(
vt.
) all his
/
her property
(
财产
).
11. I will not let my
feelings
affect
(
vt.
) me when I
mark her exam paper.
Unit 6 > Key to Book
Exercises
Listen and
Respond
Task One
Focusing on the Main Ideas
Choose the best answer to complete each
of the following sentences
according to
the information contained in the listening
passage.
1) The two friends
received dirty looks because of
________.
A) the way they
communicate with people
B)
the ways other people see them
C) their strange behaviour
D) their anti-social
behaviour
2) Talking loudly on the mobile phone
________.
A) is socially
acceptable
B) disturbs and
annoys others
C) attracts
the attention of others
D)
makes others distracted
3) From the dialogue
between Xiao Wang and Xiao Chen, we can learn that
________.
A)
there is misunderstanding between them and others
about social etiquette
B)
there is no right or wrong about social etiquette,
which depends on
individuals
C) they are ignorant about the
appropriate social etiquette of their
community
D) they
have their own social etiquette, which should be
respected by others
Task Two
Zooming
In on the Details
Listen to
the recording again and fill in each of the blanks
according
to what you have
heard.
1) This morning, Xiao
Wang was sitting
alone
on
the bus when a friend
called
him.
2) He spoke so loudly on the mobile
phone that two passengers kept
looking
at
him to signal him to
speak softer.
3) When the passengers
got
off
the bus, one of them told Xiao Wang
to stop
discussing
private
matters in public.
4) Xiao Wang
could not understand why he was treated in this
way and
wondered what was
wrong
.
5) Xiao Chen
had a similar experience. After he finished
smoking in a park, he
crushed / put out
the cigarette butt because he did not
want the cigarette
butt to cause a
danger
to other
people.
6) However, a man who walked past told
him that it was not
very
nice
.
7) Both Xiao Wang and Xiao
Chen could not understand why other people
found their actions
bad
.
8) They thought that there
were a lot of
rude / impolite
people in the
world.
Read and Explore
Task One
Discovering the
Main Ideas
1 Answer the
following questions with the information contained
in
Text A.
1)
What do you think is the main message conveyed in
the passage?
It is about the
value system, specifically, manners in public
spaces
and respect for people. Students
might come up with other
attributes
besides respect that could be accepted.
2) Why did
Morton decide not to pursue the argument or
confrontation with
the man?
He felt that pursuing the argument
might not solve any problem and
could
have made it worse for him and his family, for the
other man
was a bully-like person who
showed no respect for others and who
lacked good manners.
3) How did
Morton’s wife feel about the incident?
She felt rather indignant or unfairly
treated but had to accept it as
she and
Morton did not seem to have the courage to stand
up to the
man.
4) Based on the text, what
differences could you infer between Morton and
the other man in terms of cultural and
educational backgrounds?
Provide specific examples to support
your answer.
We can infer
that the two men come from different cultural and
educational backgrounds. Morton appears
to be more refined and
educated as can
be seen from his behaviour and lifestyle. Morton
is
“cooped up in the little cubicle of
the company” and he loves reading
the
Times Magazine whereas the other man spits and
reads comics.
He encourages his boy to
throw san
d at Morton’s son and his
insolent manner indicates that he truly
belongs to a different kind
—
coarse, rude,
uneducated, with no manners and
civility.
2 List two key values that Morton and
his wife felt important and
provide the
supporting details from the text.
Key Value 1:
Being considerate of others
Supporting Ideas:
The reprimand Morton’s wife gave to the
boy about throwing sand
at
others
Key Value 2:
Keeping peace and harmony
Supporting Ideas:
Morton’s attempt at reasoning with the
man; Morton walking away
from a
potential fight
Task Two
Reading
Between the Lines
1 Read the
following statements and then decide whether each
of
them is True or False, or whether
there is Insufficient Information in
the text to decide. Write T for True, F
for False and I for Insufficient
Information in the space provided
before each statement.
1)
I
The park that Morton and
his family went to is not a popular
park.
2)
F
Morton
worked at the senior management level of a
company.
(A man who works at
the senior management level of a company
does not need to be cooped up in a
little cube.)
3)
T
Morton’s
wife enjoyed spending time at the park with her
family.
4)
F
At the time
of the incident, Morton’s wife observed
that there were eight
other people near
the area where she was.
(Apart from the narrator, only seven
persons are mentioned in the
story: her
husband Morton, their son Larry, “a big man” and
his son,
and “two women and a little
girl on roller skates leavin
g now
through the gate.” [See Para.
2])
5)
T
Morton’s
wife appears to be a protective person.
6)
I
Joe must have copied his father in how
to treat others.
7)
T
The man wanted to pick a fight with
Morton.
8)
T
Morton’s
wife wanted to forget the
whole
incident.
2 Read the following sentences
carefully and discuss in pairs what
the
author intends to say by the italicized
parts.
1) He did not look up
from his comics, but
spat once deftly
out of the corner
of his
mouth
. (Para. 2)
The description demonstrates the man
lacked good manners and his
behaviour
was not acceptable. A civilized person usually
does not
spit; the word “deftly”
emphasizes how often and competently an
action is done. As such, it seems
apparent that the man spits
habitually.
2)
“You go right
ahead, Joe,” he said loudly. “Throw all you want.
This here is
a public
sandbox
.” (Para. 7)
Joe’s father was challenging Morton’s
wife to go against him or say
something
to the contrary. He was resorting to
sophistry.
3) When he spoke to the man, it was
with
his usual
reasonableness
. (Para. 8)
One could infer that Morton’s usual
response or reaction to
situations like
this is to reason things out with the other
party.
4)
He walked awkwardly,
almost limping with self-consciousness
,
to the
sandbox. (Para. 17)
The way Morton walked shows his
admission of defeat. He also felt
ashamed revealing his weakness in front
of the other man.
5)
Slowly and
with head high
she walked with her
husband and the child out
of the
playground. (Para. 18)
She
tried to maintain a sense of dignity and self-
respect, not
displaying her
embarrassment about her husband’s admission of
defeat.
6)
Morton
muttered through his teeth
as they came
into the street. (Para. 19)
Morton was talking softly to reassure
himself in a grudging way that
he did
not fight back not because he was afraid but
because he
thought it would not have
done any good or proven any point.
Checking Your
Vocabulary
1 Play detective
and find the required word or phrase in Text B
according to the clues given. Then,
make at least two sentences
with each
of the words or phrases you have found. The number
of
the paragraph in which the target
word or phrase appears is given in
brackets.
1) An
adjective meaning “of the present time; happening
now”: (Para. 2)
Write down
the target word here:
current
a.
They are expecting a profit of over $$2
million in the current year.
b.
Have you read the current
issue of Times Magazine?
2) A noun meaning
“contempt; rudeness”: (Para. 2)
Write down the target word here:
disrespect
a.
I’m sorry I meant no disrespect for
your traditions; it was just a
joke.
b.
With no disrespect to the other
players, he is clearly the star of
the
team.
3) An adjective meaning “without any
serious interest or attention”: (Para.
2)
Write down the target
word here:
casual
a.
She sounded almost casual
when commenting on our project.
b.
He’s an
easy
-going, friendly young man with a
casual attitude
towards
money.
4) An adjective meaning “not perceived
or observed”: (Para.
2)
Write down the target word here:
unnoticed
a.
His kindness has gone unnoticed by most
of his friends.
b.
Her fortieth birthday had just passed,
unnoticed by all but herself.
5) A noun
meaning “the means of communication that reach
large numbers
of
people,
such as television, newspapers, and radio”: (Para.
2)
Write down the target
word here:
media
a.
The role of the news
media in forming public opinion is very
important.
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