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NFPA 13D

Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler

Systems

in

One-

and

Two-Family Dwellings

and

Manufactured Homes

1999 Edition

Copyright

?

1999 NFPA, All Rights Reserved

This edition of NFPA 13D,

Standard for the Installation of

Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two- Family Dwellings and

Manufactured Homes

, was prepared by the Technical Committee

on Residential Sprinkler Systems, released by the Technical

Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler Systems, and

acted on by the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.,

at its May Meeting held May 17-20, 1999, in Baltimore, MD.

It

was

issued

by

the

Standards

Council

on

July

22,

1999,

with

an effective date of August 13, 1999, and supersedes all

previous editions.

Changes

other

than

editorial

are

indicated

by

a

vertical

rule

in the margin of the pages on which they appear. These lines

are

included

as

an

aid

to

the

user

in

identifying

changes

from

the previous edition.

This

edition

of

NFPA

13D

was

approved

as

an

American

National

Standard on August 13, 1999.

Origin and Development of NFPA 13D

Recognizing

the

need

to

reduce

the

annual

life

loss

from

fire

in residential occupancies (about 50 percent of total loss

of life by fire), the Committee on Automatic Sprinklers

appointed

a

subcommittee

in

May

1973

to

prepare

the

Standard

on the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and

Two- Family Dwellings and Mobile Homes

. The subcommittee was

composed

of

members

of

the

Committee

on

Automatic

Sprinklers

and other technically competent experts. The standard was

submitted

and

adopted

at

the

NFPA

Annual

Meeting

in

Chicago,

IL, on May 12-16, 1975.

The 1980

edition

was a complete

rewrite of

the

1975 edition,

including SI units where appropriate. The 1980 edition

incorporated the results of the residential sprinkler test

program administered by the National Fire Protection

Association and funded by a research grant from the United

States Fire Administration. Factory Mutual Research

Corporation and the Los Angeles City Fire Department

conducted the dwelling tests. Factory Mutual Research

Corporation,

McNeary

Insurance Consulting Services, and

the

Charlotte, North Carolina, Fire Department conducted the

mobile home tests.

After gaining practical experience using the 1980 edition,

modifications to the standard, including removal of design

parameters for dry pipe systems, were made in the 1984

edition.

The 1989 and 1991 editions established criteria for the use

of antifreeze systems as well as some of the installation

criteria

associated with specially

listed

piping

materials.

The

1994

edition

provided

expanded

information

on

nonmetallic

pipe and introduced a new design option that reduced water

storage requirements for limited area dwellings.

The 1996 edition of the standard included expanded

information on the use and placement of residential

sprinklers

near

heat

sources.

For

the

first

time

since

1941,

the use of

1

/

2

-in. (12.7-mm) piping material was permitted

again for sprinkler systems under specific conditions. A

number

of

appendix

figures

were

also

added

to

address

methods

for protecting pipe from freezing in unheated attics.

The 1999 edition revises criteria for certain types of

multipurpose

piping

systems

and

adds

requirements

to

mitigate

the effect of water softeners and filters on system

performance.

Information

on

the

application

of

solvent

cement

for nonmetallic piping systems has been provided and the

exception

for

omitting

sprinkler

coverage

in

attics

and

crawl

spaces has been modified.

Technical Correlating Committee on Automatic Sprinkler

Systems (AUT-AAC)

John G. O’Neil

l,

Chair

Gage-Babcock & Assoc. Inc., VA [SE]

Milosh T. Puchovsky,

Nonvoting Secretary

Nat’l Fire Protection Assn., MA

Jose R. Baz,

Int’l Engineered Systems, LTD, Inc., FL [M]

Rep. NFPA Latin American Section

Kerry M. Bell,

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]

Eric H. Cote,

Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., MA [SE]

Russell P. Fleming,

Nat’l Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY [M]

Joseph B. Hankins, Jr.,

Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA

[I]

Roland J. Huggins,

American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc., TX

[IM]

Sultan M. Javeri,

Protection Int’l, Ltd, France [I]

Andrew

Kim,

Nat’l

Research

Council

of

Canada,

ON,

Canada

[RT]

Gerald R. Kirby,

Marriott Int’l, Inc., DC [U]

Rep. American Hotel & Motel Assn.

B. J. Lukes,

Grinnell Fire Protection System Co. Ltd/Tyco,

Canada [M]

Rep. Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Assn.

Joseph W. Noble,

Clark County Fire Dept., NV [E]

Donald R. Oliver,

Wilson Fire/Rescue Services, NC [E]

Rep. Int’l Assn. of Fire Chiefs

James Retzloff,

The Viking Corp., MI [M]

Chester W. Schirmer,

Schirmer Engr Corp., NC [SE]

John Nigel Stephens,

Loss Prevention Council, England [I]

Lynn K. Underwood,

Wausau HPR Engr, WI [I]

John J. Walsh,

UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee Local 669,

MD [L]

Rep.

United

Assn.

of

Journeymen/Apprentices

of

Plumbing/Pipe

Fitting

Alternates

Donald

“Don” D. Becker,

Midland Automatic Sprinkler Co.,

Inc., MO [IM]

(Alt. to R. J. Huggins)

Raymond A. Grill,

Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., VA [SE]

(Alt. to E. H. Cote)

Kenneth E. Isman,

Nat’l Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY [M]

(Alt. to R. P. Fleming)

George E. Laverick,

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]

(Alt. to K. M. Bell)

Donato

A.

Pirro

E.,

Electro

Sistemas

De

Panama,

S.A.,

Panama

[M]

(Alt. to J. R. Baz)

William E. Wilcox,

Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA [I]

(Alt. to J. B. Hankins, Jr.)

Nonvoting

Edward K. Budnick,

Hughes Assoc., Inc., MD [SE]

Rolf H. Jensen,

Belleair, FL [SE]

(Member Emeritus)

William E. Koffel, Jr.,

Koffel Assoc. Inc., MD [SE]

Kenneth W. Linder,

HSB Industrial Risk Insurers, CT [I]

Christopher T. Lummus,

Insurance Services Office, Inc., TX

[I]

Daniel Madrzykowski,

U.S. Nat’l Inst. of Standards &

Technology, MD [RT]

Peter Papavasiliou,

Engr Professionals, Ltd, IL [SE]

J. William Sheppard,

General Motors Corp., MI [U]

Milosh T. Puchovsky,

NFPA Staff Liaison

This

list

represents

the

membership

at

the

time

the

Committee

was

balloted

on

the

text

of

this

edition.

Since

that

time,

changes

in

the

membership

may

have

occurred. A

key to classifications is found

at

the

back of this document.

NOTE:

Membership

on

a

committee

shall

not

in

and

of

itself

constitute

an

endorsement

of

the

Association

or

any

document

developed

by

the

committee

on

which

the member serves.

Committee Scope:

The committee shall have overall

responsibility for documents that pertain to the

criteria for the design and installation of

automatic, open and foam-water sprinkler systems,

including the character and adequacy of water

supplies,

and

the

selection

of

sprinklers,

piping,

valves, and all materials and accessories. This

committee does not cover the installation of fire

pumps, nor the construction and installation of

gravity and pressure tanks and towers, nor the

installation, maintenance, and use of central

station, proprietary, auxiliary, and local

signaling systems for watchmen, fire alarm,

supervisory service, nor the design of fire

department hose connections.

Technical Committee on Residential Sprinkler Systems

(AUT-RSS)

Daniel Madrzykowski,

Chair

U.S. Nat’l Inst. of Standards & Technology, MD [RT]

George W. Baker,

Mashpee Fire & Rescue Dept., MA [E]

Rep. Int’l Assn. of Fire

Chiefs

Frederick J. Benn,

Advanced Automatic Sprinkler, Inc., CA

[IM]

Frederick C. Bradley,

Gage- Babcock & Assoc. Inc., GA [SE]

Lawrence Brown,

Nat’l Assn. of Home Builders, DC [U]

Edward K. Budnick,

Hughes Assoc., Inc., MD [SE]

Brian Hoening,

Globe Fire Sprinkler Corp., MI [M]

Rep. Nat’l Fire Sprinkler Assn.

Kenneth E. Isman,

Nat’l Fire Sprinkler Assn., NY [M]

Hsiang-Cheng Kung,

Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA [I]

George E. Laverick,

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]

Tom Lawrence,

Smith Fire Sprinkler Co., Inc., FL [IM]

Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc.

John C. Livingston, Jr.,

Livingston Fire Protection, Inc.,

MD [IM]

Rep. Nat’l Fire Sprinkler Assn.

Raymond H. Lower,

Cigna Loss Control Services, WA [I]

Rep. American Insurance Services Group, Inc.

M.

L.

“Larry”

Maruskin,

Federal

Emergency

Mgmt.

Agency,

MD

[C]

Michael Nelson,

Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., NY [SE]

Ronald G. Nickson,

Nat’l Multi Housing Council, DC [U]

Maurice M. Pilette,

Mechanical Designs Ltd., MA [SE]

Chester W. Schirmer,

Schirmer Engr Corp., NC [SE]

Sandra Stanek,

Rural Metro Fire Dept., AZ [E]

Donald Townley,

B. F. Goodrich, OH [M]

Rep. Committee for Firesafe Dwellings

John J. Walsh,

UA Joint Apprenticeship Committee Local 669,

MD [L]

Rep.

United

Assn.

of

Journeymen/Apprentices

of

Plumbing/Pipe

Fitting

Susan J. Weigand,

Victory Fire Protection, Inc., PA [IM]

Rep. American Fire Sprinkler Assn., Inc.

Alternates

Carl F. Baldassarra,

Schirmer Engr Corp., IL [SE]

(Alt. to C. W. Schirmer)

Phillip

A.

Brown,

American

Fire

Sprinkler

Assn.,

Inc.,

TX

[IM]

(Alt. to S. J. Weigand)

William M. Carey,

Underwriters Laboratories Inc., IL [RT]

(Alt. to G. E. Laverick)

Thomas Deegan,

Viking Corp., MI [M]

(Alt. to B. Hoening)

Gary L. Johnson,

B. F. Goodrich, OH [M]

(Alt. to D. Townley)

John C. McDonald,

Virginia Sprinkler Co., Inc., VA [IM]

(Alt. to T. Lawrence)

Michael

A.

Rothmier,

UA

Joint

Apprenticeship

Committee

Local

669, MD [L]

(Alt. to J. J. Walsh)

Harry Shaw,

Harry Shaw & Assoc. Inc., MD [E]

(Alt. to G. W. Baker)

George Stanley,

Wiginton Fire Sprinklers, FL [IM]

(Alt. to J. C. Livingston, Jr.)

David

W.

Stroup,

U.S.

Nat’l

Inst.

of

Standards

&

Technology,

MD [RT]

(Alt. to D. Madrzykowski)

Richard

E.

Thonnings,

American

Insurance

Services

Group,

Inc.,

NY [I]

(Alt. to R. H. Lower)

Randolph W. Tucker,

Rolf Jensen & Assoc., Inc., TX [SE]

(Alt. to M. Nelson)

Terry L. Victor,

Tyco Int’l, Ltd, MD [M]

(Alt. to K. E. Isman)

Bennie Vincent,

Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA [I]

(Alt. to H. Kung)

Joseph Wiehagen,

Nat’l Assn. of Home Builders, MD [U]

(Alt. to L. Brown)

Nonvoting

Rohit

Khanna,

U.S.

Consumer

Product

Safety

Commission,

MD

[C]

Milosh T. Puchovsky,

NFPA Staff Liaison

This

list

represents

the

membership

at

the

time

the

Committee

was

balloted

on

the

text

of

this

edition.

Since

that

time,

changes

in

the

membership

may

have

occurred. A

key to classifications is found

at

the

back of this document.

NOTE:

Membership

on

a

committee

shall

not

in

and

of

itself

constitute

an

endorsement

of

the

Association

or

any

document

developed

by

the

committee

on

which

the member serves.

Committee Scope:

The committee shall have primary

responsibility for documents on the design and

installation of automatic sprinkler systems in

dwellings and residential occupancies up to and

including four stories in height, including the

character and adequacy of water supplies, and the

selection of sprinklers, piping, valves and all

materials and accessories.

NFPA 13D

Standard for the

Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family

Dwellings and Manufactured Homes

1999 Edition

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter

designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory

material on the paragraph can be found in Appendix A.

Information on referenced publications can be found in

Chapter 6 and Appendix B.

Preface

It is intended that this standard provide a method for

those individuals wishing to install a sprinkler system

for

additional

life

safety

and

property

protection.

It

is

not the purpose of this standard to require the

installation of an automatic sprinkler system. This

standard

assumes

that

one

or

more

smoke

detectors

will

be

installed

in

accordance

with

NFPA

72,

National

Fire

Alarm

Code

?

.

Chapter 1 General Information

1-1* Scope.

This

standard

covers

the

design

and

installation

of

automatic

sprinkler

systems

for

protection

against

the

fire

hazards

in

one- and two-family dwellings and manufactured homes.

1-2* Purpose.

The

purpose

of

this

standard

is

to

provide

a

sprinkler

system

that aids in the detection and control of residential fires

and thus provides improved protection against injury, life

loss, and property damage. A sprinkler system designed and

installed in accordance with this standard is expected to

prevent flashover (total involvement) in the room of fire

origin, where sprinklered, and to improve the chance for

occupants to escape or be evacuated.

Guidelines have been established for the design and

installation of sprinkler systems for one- and two-family

dwellings and manufactured homes. Nothing in this standard

is intended to restrict new technologies or alternative

arrangements, provided that the level of safety prescribed

by the standard is not reduced.

1-3 Definitions.

Approved.*

Acceptable to

the authority having

jurisdiction.

Authority

Having

Jurisdiction.*

The

organization,

office,

or

individual responsible for approving equipment, materials,

an installation, or a procedure.

Check Valve.

A valve

that allows

flow

in one direction

only.

Control Valve.*

A valve employed to control (shut) a supply

of water to a sprinkler system.

Design

Discharge.

The

rate

of

water

discharged

by

an

automatic

sprinkler expressed in gpm (L/min).

Dry

System.

A

system

employing

automatic

sprinklers

attached

to

a

piping

system

containing

air

under

atmospheric

or

higher

pressures. Loss of pressure from the opening of a sprinkler

or

detection

of a fire condition causes the release of

water

into the piping system and out the opened sprinkler.

Dwelling.

Any

building

that

contains

not

more

than

one

or

two

dwelling units intended to be used, rented, leased, let, or

hired out to

be occupied or

that are

occupied for habitation

purposes.

Dwelling

Unit.

One

or

more

rooms,

arranged

for

the

use

of

one

or more individuals living together, as in a single

housekeeping unit, that normally have cooking, living,

sanitary, and sleeping facilities.

Labeled.

Equipment or materials to which has been attached

a

label,

symbol,

or

other

identifying

mark

of

an

organization

that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and

concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic

inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials,

and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance

with appropriate standards or performance in a specified

manner.

Listed.*

Equipment,

materials,

or

services

included

in

a

list

published by an organization that is acceptable to the

authority having jurisdiction

and concerned

with

evaluation

of products or services, that maintains periodic inspection

of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic

evaluation

of

services,

and

whose

listing

states

that

either

the equipment, material, or service meets appropriate

designated standards or has been tested and found suitable

for a specified purpose.

Manufactured

Home.*

A

structure,

transportable

in

one

or

more

sections, that in the traveling mode is 8 body ft (2.4 m) or

more

in

width

and

40

body

ft

(12

m)

or

more

in

length

or,

where

erected

on-site,

is

320

ft

2

(28

m

2

)

or

more,

and

that

is

built

on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling

with

or

without

a

permanent

foundation

where

connected

to

the

required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air

conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein.

Multipurpose

Piping

System.

A

piping

system

within

dwellings

and manufactured homes intended to serve both domestic and

fire protection needs.

Preengineered

System.

A

packaged

sprinkler system including

all

components

connected

to

the

water

supply

and

designed

to

be installed according to pretested limitations.

Pump.

A mechanical device that transfers or raises, or

transfers and raises, the pressure of a fluid (water).

Residential Sprinkler.

A type of sprinkler that meets the

definition of fast response as defined by NFPA 13,

Standard

for

the

Installation

of

Sprinkler

Systems

,

and

that

has

been

specifically investigated for its ability to enhance

survivability in the room of fire origin and that is listed

for use in the protection of dwelling units.

Shall.

Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Should.

Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised

but not required.

Sprinkler, Automatic.

A fire suppression or control device

that operates automatically when its heat-actuated element

is heated to its thermal rating or above, allowing water to

discharge over a specific area.

Sprinkler System.

An integrated system of piping, connected

to

a

water

supply,

with

listed

sprinklers

that

automatically

initiate water discharge over a fire area. Where required,

the sprinkler system also includes a control valve and a

device for actuating an alarm when the system operates.

Standard.

A document, the main text of which contains only

mandatory provisions using the word “shall” to indicate

requirements and which is in a form generally suitable for

mandatory reference by another standard or code or for

adoption into law. Nonmandatory provisions shall be located

in an appendix, footnote, or fine-print note and are not to

be considered a part of the requirements of a standard.

Supply Pressure.

The pressure within the supply (e.g., city

or private supply water source).

System

Pressure.

The

pressure

within

the

system

(e.g.,

above

the control valve).

System Working Pressure.

The maximum anticipated static

(nonflowing)

or

flowing

pressure

applied

to

sprinkler

system

components exclusive of surge pressures.

Waterflow Alarm.

A sounding device activated by a waterflow

detector

or alarm check valve and arranged to

sound an

alarm

that is audible in all living areas over background noise

levels with all intervening doors closed.

Waterflow

Detector.

An

electric

signaling

indicator

or

alarm

check valve actuated by waterflow in one direction only.

Wet

System.

A

system

employing

automatic

sprinklers

that

are

attached to a piping system containing water and connected

to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from

sprinklers opened by a fire.

1-4* Maintenance.

The owner is responsible for the condition of a sprinkler

system and shall keep the system in normal operating

condition.

1-5 Devices, Materials, Design, and Installation.

1-5.1*

Only new residential sprinklers shall be employed in the

installation of sprinkler systems.

1-5.2

Only

listed

and

approved

devices

and

approved

materials

shall

be used in sprinkler systems.

Exception: Listing

shall

be

permitted

to

be

waived

for

tanks,

pumps, hangers, waterflow detection devices, and waterflow

valves.

1-5.3

Where

listed,

preengineered

systems

shall

be

installed

within

the limitations that have been established by the testing

laboratories.

1-5.4*

All systems shall be tested for leakage at normal system

operating water pressure.

Exception: Where a fire department pumper connection is

provided, hydrostatic pressure tests shall be provided in

accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of

Sprinkler Systems.

1-5.5

Where

solvent

cement

is

used

as

the

pipe

and

fittings

bonding

agent,

sprinklers

shall

not

be

installed

in

the

fittings

prior

to the fittings being cemented in place.

1-6* Units.

Metric units of measurement in this standard shall be in

accordance with the modernized metric system known as the

International System of Units (SI). The liter and bar units

are outside of, but recognized by, SI and are commonly used

in international fire protection. These units are provided

in Table 1-6 with their conversion factors.

Table 1-6 Metric Conversions

Name of Unit

liter

pascal

bar

bar

Unit Symbol

L

Pa

bar

bar

Conversion Factor

1 gal = 3.785 L

1 psi = 6894.757 Pa

1 psi = 0.0689 bar

1 bar = 105 Pa

1-6.1

Where a value for measurement as specified in this standard

is

followed by

an equivalent value in

other

units, the

first

stated value shall be regarded as the requirement. A given

equivalent value shall be considered to be approximate.

1-6.2

SI units have been converted by multiplying the quantity by

the conversion factor and then rounding the result to the

appropriate number of significant digits.

Chapter 2 Water Supply

2-1 General Provisions.

Every automatic sprinkler system shall have at least one

automatic

water

supply.

Where

stored

water

is

used

as

the

sole

source

of

supply,

the

minimum

quantity

shall equal

the

water

demand rate times 10 minutes.

(See 4-1.3.)

Exception: For dwelling units that are one story in height

and

less

than

2000

ft

2

(186

m

2

)

in

area,

the

water

supply

shall

be at least 7 minutes for the two-sprinkler demand.

2-2* Water Supply Sources.

The

following

water

supply

sources

shall

be

considered

to

be

acceptable by this standard:

(1)

A connection to a reliable waterworks system with or

without an automatically operated pump

(2)

An elevated tank

(3)

A

pressure

tank

designed

to

American

Society

of

Mechanical

Engineers (ASME) standards for a pressure vessel with a

reliable pressure source

(4)

A

stored

water

source

with

an

automatically

operated

pump

2-3* Multipurpose Piping System.

A piping system serving both sprinkler and domestic needs

shall be considered to be acceptable by this standard where

the following conditions are met.

(a)

*

In

common

water

supply

connections

serving

more

than

one

dwelling

unit,

5

gpm

(19

L/min)

are

added

to

the

sprinkler

system

demand to

determine the size

of common

piping

and

the

size of the total water supply requirements.

Exception: Domestic design demand shall not be required to

be added where provision is made to prevent flow into the

domestic water system upon operation of a sprinkler.

(b)

Smoke detectors are provided in accordance with NFPA

72,

National Fire Alarm Code

?

.

(c)

All

piping

in

the

system

supplying

sprinklers

is

listed

and conforms to the piping specifications of this standard.

Piping connected to this system and supplying plumbing

fixtures only is required to comply with local plumbing and

health authority requirements but is not required to be

listed.

(d)

Permitted by the local plumbing or health authority.

(e)

A sign is affixed adjacent to the main shut-off valve

that

states

in

minimum

1

4

-inch

letters,

“Warning,

the

water

system for this home supplies a fire sprinkler system that

depends on certain flows and pressures being available to

fight a fire. Devices

that restrict

the

flow or

decrease

the

pressure such as water softeners shall not be added to this

system

without

a

review

of

the

fire

sprinkler

system

by

a

fire

protection specialist. Do not remove this sign.”

2-4 Manufactured Home Water Supply.

A water supply for a sprinklered dwelling manufactured

off- site shall not be less than that specified on the

manufacturer’s nameplate.

[See 4-4.3(k), Exception No. 2.

See Chapter 5 for an alternative design approach for

manufactured homes.]

Chapter 3 System Components

3-1 Valves and Drains.

3-1.1

Each

system

shall

have

a

single

control

valve

arranged

to

shut

off both the domestic system and the sprinkler system, and

there shall be a separate shutoff valve for the domestic

system only.

Exception No. 1: The sprinkler system piping shall be

permitted to have a separate control valve where supervised

by one of the following methods:

(a) Central station, proprietary, or remote station alarm

service

(b) Local alarm service that causes the sounding of an

audible signal at a constantly attended location.

(c) Valves that are locked open

Exception No. 2: A separate shutoff valve shall not be

required

for

the

domestic

water

supply

in

multipurpose

piping

systems.

3-1.2

Each sprinkler system shall have a drain and/or test

connection with a valve on the system side of the control

valve.

3-1.3

Additional

drains

shall

be

installed

for

each

trapped

portion

of a dry system that is subject to freezing temperatures.

3-1.4*

Where waterflow alarms are provided, inspector’s test

connections shall be installed at locations that allow flow

testing

of

water

supplies,

connections,

and

alarm

mechanisms.

Where sprinklers used in the system have a nominal K-factor

smaller than

5.6, the inspector’s test

shall

be of the same

size orifice as the smallest sprinkler.

3-2 Pressure Gauges.

A

pressure

gauge

shall

be

installed

to

indicate

air

pressure

on dry systems and on water supply pressure tanks.

3-3 Piping.

3-3.1*

Pipe or tube used in sprinkler systems shall be of the

materials

specified

in

Table

3-3.1

or

in

accordance

with

3-3.2

through

3-3.5.

The

chemical

properties,

physical

properties,

and dimensions of the materials in Table 3-3.1 shall be at

least equivalent to the standards cited in the table and

designed

to

withstand

a

working

pressure

of

not

less

than

175

psi (12.1 bar).

Exception: When

multipurpose

piping

system

pressures

do

not

exceed

130

psi

(8.9

bar)

and

when

such

systems

are

not

equipped

with

a

fire

department

connection,

piping

shall

be

permitted

to be designed to withstand a working pressure of not less

than 130 psi (8.9 bar). When nonmetallic piping is used for

this application, it shall be permitted to be rated at not

less

than

130

psi

(8.9

bar)

working

pressure

at

not

less

than

120°F (49°C).

3-3.2*

Other types of pipe or tube shall be permitted to be used,

where investigated and listed for sprinkler systems by a

testing and inspection agency laboratory. Listed piping

materials including, but not limited to, chlorinated

polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), polybutylene (PB), and steel

differing from those provided in Table 3-3.1 shall be

installed in accordance with their listings and the

manufacturers’

installation

instructions.

CPVC

and PB pipe

and tube shall comply with the portions of the American

Society

for

Testing

and

Materials

(ASTM)

standards

specified

in Table 3-3.2 that apply to fire protection service in

addition to the provisions of this paragraph.

Table 3-3.1 Pipe or Tube Materials and Dimensions

Materials and Dimensions

Standard

Specification for Black and Hot-Dipped

ASTM A 795

Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and

Seamless Steel Pipe for Fire Protection Use

Specification for Welded and Seamless Pipe

ASTM A 53

Wrought Steel Pipe

ANSI B36.10M

Specification for Electric-Resistance- Welded

ASTM A 135

Steel Pipe

Specification for Seamless Copper Tube

ASTM B 75

[Copper Tube (Drawn, Seamless)]

Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube

ASTM B 88

Specification for General Requirements

for

ASTM B 251

Wrought Seamless Copper and

Copper-Alloy

Tube

Fluxes for Soldering Applications of

Copper

ASTM B 813

and Copper-Alloy Tube

Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and

AWS A5.8

Braze Welding (BCuP, copper- phosphorus, or

copper-phosphorus-silver

brazing filler metal)

Specification for Solder Metal [alloy

grades

ASTM B 32

containing less than 0.2 percent lead

as

identified in ASTM B 32, Table 5,

Section 1,

and having a solidus temperature

that exceeds

400°

F (204°

C)]

Table 3-3.2 Specially Listed Pipe or Tube Materials and

Dimensions

Materials and Dimensions

Standard

Nonmetallic Piping:

Specification for Chlorinated Polyvinyl

ASTM F 442

Chloride (CPVC) Pipe

Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Pipe

ASTM D 3309

Note: In addition to satisfying these minimum standards,

specially listed pipe shall be required to comply with the

provisions of 3-3.2.

3-3.2.1

When nonmetallic piping is installed in attics, adequate

insulation

shall be provided

on the

attic

side of

the piping

to

avoid

exposure of

the

piping to temperatures

in excess

of

the pipe’s rated temperature.

3-3.3

Wherever the word

pipe

is used in this standard, it shall be

understood also to mean

tube

.

3-3.4

Schedule 10 steel pipe shall be permitted to be joined with

mechanical groove couplings approved for service, with

grooves rolled on the pipe by an approved groove-rolling

machine.

3-3.5

Fittings

used

in

sprinkler

systems

shall

be

of

the

materials

listed in Table 3-3.5 or in accordance with 3-3.7. The

chemical

properties,

physical

properties, and

dimensions

of

the materials specified in Table 3-3.5 shall be at least

equivalent

to

the

standards

cited

in

the

table.

Fittings

used

in

sprinkler

systems

shall

be

designed

to

withstand

a

working

pressure of not less than 175 psi (12.1 bar).

Exception: When

multipurpose

piping

system

pressures

do

not

exceed

130

psi

(8.9

bar)

and

when

such

systems

are

not

equipped

with a fire department connection, fittings shall be

permitted to be designed to withstand a working pressure of

not less than 130 psi (8.9 bar). When nonmetallic fittings

are used for this application, they shall be permitted to be

rated at not less than 130 psi (8.9 bar) working pressure at

not less tha

n 120°F (49°C).

Table 3-3.5 Fitting Materials and Dimensions

Materials and Dimensions

Cast Iron:

Gray Iron Threaded Fittings

Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Malleable Iron:

Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings

Steel:

Factory-Made Wrought Steel

Buttweld Fittings

Buttwelding Ends

Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought

Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate

and Elevated Temperatures

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and

Threaded

Copper:

Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy

SolderJoint Pressure Fittings

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure

Fittings

Standard

ASME B16.4

ASME B16.1

ASME B16.3

ASME B16.9

ASME B16.25

ASTM A 234

ASME B16.5

ASME B16.11

ASME B16.22

ASME B16.18

3-3.6

Joints for the connection of copper tube shall be brazed.

Exception: Soldered

joints

shall

be

permitted

to

be

used

for

wet pipe copper tube systems.

3-3.7*

Other types of fittings shall be permitted to be used, but

only where investigated and listed for sprinkler systems by

a testing and inspection agency laboratory. Listed fittings

including,

but

not

limited

to,

CPVC,

PB,

and

steel

differing

from those provided in Table 3-3.5 shall be installed in

accordance with their listings and the manufacturers’

installation

instructions.

CPVC

and

PB

pipe

and

tube

fittings

shall

comply

with

the

portions

of

the

ASTM

standards

specified

in Table 3-3.7 that apply to fire protection service in

addition to the provisions of this paragraph.

Table 3-3.7 Specially Listed Fittings and Dimensions

Materials and Dimensions

Standard

Specification for Schedule 80 CPVC

ASTM F 437

Threaded Fittings

Specification for Schedule 40 CPVC

ASTM F 438

Socket-Type Fittings

Specification for Schedule 80 CPVC

ASTM F 439

Socket-Type Fittings

Note: In addition to satisfying these minimum standards,

specially listed pipe fittings shall be required to comply

with the provisions of 3-3.7.

3-4 Piping Support.

3-4.1

Piping shall be supported from structural members using

support methods comparable to those required by local

plumbing codes.

Exception: Listed piping shall be supported in accordance

with any listing limitations.

3-4.2

Piping laid on open joists or rafters shall be secured to

prevent lateral movement.

3-4.3*

Sprinkler

piping

shall

be

adequately

secured

to

restrict

the

movement of piping upon sprinkler operation.

3-5 Sprinklers.

3-5.1

Listed residential sprinklers shall be used. Listing shall

be

based

on tests to establish the ability

of the sprinklers

to control residential fires under standardized fire test

conditions. The standardized room fires shall be based on a

residential array of furnishings and finishes.

Exception No. 1: Residential sprinklers shall not be used

in dry pipe systems unless specifically listed for that

purpose.

Exception No. 2: Listed dry-type sprinklers shall be

permitted to be used in accordance with 4-3.2.

3-5.2 Temperature Ratings.

The

requirements

of

3-5.2.1

through

3-5.2.3

shall

be

used

for

the selection of sprinkler temperature ratings.

3-5.2.1

Ordinary

temperature-rated

residential

sprinklers

[135°F

to

170°F (57°C to 77°C)] shall be installed where maximum

ambient ceiling temperatures do not exceed 100°F (38°C).

Table 3-5.2.3 Minimum Distances for Ordinary- and

Intermediate-Temperature Residential Sprinklers

Minimum Distance from

Edge of Source to

Ordinary-Temperature

Sprinkler

Heat Source

in.

mm

Side of open or recessed fireplace

36

914

Front of recessed fireplace

60

1524

Coal- or wood-burning stove

42

1067

Kitchen range

18

457

Wall oven

18

457

Hot air flues

18

457

Uninsulated heat ducts

18

457

Uninsulated hot water pipes

12

305

Side of ceiling- or wall-mounted

24

607

hot air diffusers

Front of wall-mounted hot air

36

914

diffusers

Hot water heater or furnace

6

152

Light fixture

Minimum Distance from

Edge of Source to

Intermediate-Temperature

Sprinkler

in.

mm

12

305

36

914

12

305

9

229

9

229

9

229

9

229

6

152

12

305

18

3

457

76

0W-250W

250W-499W

6

12

152

305

3

6

76

152

3-5.2.2

Intermediate temperature-rated residential sprinklers

[175°F

to

225°F

(79°C

to

107°C)]

shall

be

installed

where

maximum ambient ceiling temperatures are between 101°F and

150°F (39°C and 66°C).

3-5.2.3

The following practices shall be observed where installing

residential sprinklers.

Exception: Where higher expected ambient temperatures are

otherwise determined.

(1)

Sprinklers under glass or plastic skylights exposed to

direct rays of the sun shall be of

intermediate-temperature classification.

(2)

Sprinklers in an unventilated concealed space under an

uninsulated roof or in an unventilated attic shall be of

intermediate-temperature classification.

(3)

Sprinklers

installed

near

specific

heat

sources

that

are

identified in Table 3-5.2.3 shall be of ordinary- or

intermediate-temperature rating, as indicated.

Exception: Where sprinklers are listed for positioning

closer to a heat source than the minimum distance shown in

Table 3-5.2.3, the closer minimum distances shall be

permitted to be used.

3-5.3

Operated or damaged sprinklers shall be replaced with

sprinklers

having

the

same

performance

characteristics

as

the

original equipment.

3-5.4 Painting and Ornamental Finishes.

3-5.4.1*

Sprinkler

frames

shall

be

permitted

to

be

factory

painted

or

enameled as ornamental finish in accordance with 3-5.4.2;

otherwise, sprinklers shall not be painted, and any

sprinklers

that

have

been

painted

shall

be

replaced

with

new,

listed sprinklers.

Exception: Sprinklers painted with factory-applied

coatings shall not be required to be replaced.

3-5.4.2

Ornamental

finishes

shall

not

be

applied

to

sprinklers

by

an

individual other than the sprinkler manufacturer, and only

sprinklers listed with such finishes shall be used.

3-5.5 Escutcheon Plates.