(消防培训)消防水雾水喷淋

它相对于其他两个系统来讲，

最大的区别在于这 个系统要由人工

启动，开放式喷嘴（也就是说平时的时候喷嘴里面是没有水的）

。主要用于露天危险区域保护。

它通常也叫

de luge system

，

deluge

的英文意思是洪水，

浸没。

从字面上的意思就是用大量的水一

直对失火区域进行喷淋，

以冷却的方式灭火，

< br>这一来我们现在就很显然知道为什么它主要用于露

天区域灭火。否则，舱室里面排 水可能来不及。既然是大量的水，就需要源源不断的水源，这也

就这个系统需要用海水作 为灭火剂的原因。

系统由海水供给泵，

deluge

阀，管路，喷嘴，组成。在海洋平台设计中，海水供给泵直接就可以

用海水消防泵，也就是说，

deluge

system

实际上是作为消防系统的分支管路，与消防栓不同的

是，这里是用的

deluge

阀和喷嘴。

Deluge

系统的喷嘴，对形成的水滴相对很大，下图 就是典型的灭火效果。

deluge

阀，事实上是一个减压阀，通过电磁阀控制

deluge

阀的开关，来控制是否喷水。

这个系统在钻井平台上主要用于一下几个区域的灭火，

直升机加 油站区域，

测井区域，

节流压井

管汇区 域，整个钻台区域。

MODU

，

USCG

，

FSS

，

NFPA

这几个规范有对系统设计的要求，摘录几条重要的：

1.

A fixed water spray system is to be installed for the process equipment.

The intent of the water spray system is to keep the process equipment cool and reduce the risk

ofescalation of a fire. Water spray systems are to be capable of beingactuated both automatically by a

fire detection system and lations are generally to be in accordance with NFPA Standard

15,or other equivalent standard such as API RP 2030. Deluge isolationvalves are to be located in a safe

area and outside the fire zone theyprotect.

2.

Processequipment, including hydrocarbon vessels, heat exchangers, firedheaters and other hydrocarbon

handling

systems,

are

to

be

protectedwith

a

water

spray

system.

The

system

is

to

be

designed

to

provide

awater

density

of

10.2

liters/min/m2

(0.25

gpm/ft2)

of

exposed

surfacearea

for

uninsulated

vessels,

or

6.1

liters/min/m2

(0.15

gpm/ft2)

ofexposed

surface

area

for

insulated

vessels.

Process

equipment supportstructure, including saddles, skirt, legs, but not secondary deckstructural members, is

to

be

protected

with

a

water

spray

systemdesigned

to

provide

a

water

density

of

4.1

liters/min/m2

(0.10gpm/ft2).

Alternatively,the

use

of

intumescent

coatings

may

be

acceptable

in

protecting

thesupport

structure,

provided the selection of the fire rating of thecoating is based on the results from a risk analysis and/or

fire

loadcalculation

which

must

be

reviewed

and

accepted

by

ABS.

The

condition(intactness)

of

the

coatings

will

be

the

subject

of

surveyor

inspectionduring

attendance

of

the

unit

following

normal

survey

intervals.

Forgas-handling

equipment,

such

as

gas

compressor

skids,

where

thehydrocarbon

liquid inventory is kept minimal, a water spray system isnot required if the equipment is provided with

an automatic blowdownupon the process shutdown.

3.

Wellheadswith

maximum

shut-in

tubing

pressures

exceeding

42

kg/cm2

(600

psi)

areto

be

protected

with

a

water

spray

system.

The

water

spray

system

is

tobe

designed

to

provide

a

minimum

water

density

of

20.4

liters/min/m2(0.50

gpm/ft2)

based

on

the

protection

of

wellheads,

ESD

valves,

andcritical structural components including the firewall.

第二个，

water

sprinkler

system,

其实全称应该叫做

accommodation

sprinkler

system

。 看这个名称

就知道的用途了，

很显然用于钻井平台生活区灭火。

如果细心的话，

这个与普通写字楼里面的水

雾灭火系统相似，

抬头看看天花板，

在天花板中间可以看到 很多均匀分布的小喷嘴。

喷嘴里面有

玻璃的感应器，一旦破裂， 水就自动喷射出来。

显然，

sprinkler system

的喷嘴是封闭式的，管路平时需要保持，承受一定的压力。这就需要整个

系统有蓄能 器之类的保压装置。

由于用于生活区房间，

楼梯间的灭火保护，

我们需要的灭火介质

是淡水，而海水仅仅只是作为备用的应急水 源。

系统由

sprinkler

控制站，管路，喷嘴，监测报警组成。这个系统比较简单，不做过 多描述。

一些要求：

1.

Forexisting

fixed

installations

where

passive

protection

requirements

arenot

fully

met,

the

accommodation spaces are to be protected by anautomatic wet pipe sprinkler system supplied from the

firewater

of

the

system

is

to

be

based

on

NFPA

Standard

13

requirementsfor

light

hazard occupancies, or other acceptable standards such asChapter II-2, Regulations 12 of SOLAS 1974

and Amendments.

Freshwater is normally to be provided to fill the sprinkler piping. However,the system may be charged

with seawater if precautions are taken toeliminate sediment and marine growth in the system.

2.

SVR4-7-3/9.5 requires sprinklers to be placed in an overhead position andspaced in a suitable pattern

to

maintain

an

average

application

rate

ofnot

less

than

5

L/min/m2

(0.12

gpm/ft2)

over

the

nominal

area (i.e.,gross, horizontal projection of the area to be covered) covered by thesprinklers. However, the

use

of

sprinklers

providing

an

alternativeamount

of

water

suitably

distributed

so

as

to

be

not

less

effective maybe considered.

最后一个是

water mist system

，

细水雾灭火系统，

这样的翻译就可以看出来和前两 个系统的差别，

喷嘴里面出来的水滴很细小，同样地，这个系统也是用于室内灭火，淡水 （海水应急）

，自动喷

水，可分为高压，中压，低压。