-
从句类型
I.
基本句式、句子成分和从句
主系表结构、主谓（宾）结构、
there be
结构是英语的三大基本句式，无论一个句子有多
长、多复杂，它总是属于这三
大句式中的一种。
学习基本句式，
句子成分是一个关键的概念，
它是指句子的组成单位，
不同的句式由不同
的句子成分组成。如：主系表结构的成分有主语、系词
、表语；主谓（宾）结构的成分有
主语、谓语、宾语；
ther
e be
结构的主要成分是主语。
英语中的句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语，等等。这些
句子成分可以由单词、
词组或句子充当，
当这些成分由句子充当时，
我们就有了相应的从
句，如：充当
主语成分的句子为主语从句，充当宾语成分的句子为宾语从句，等等。
II.
从句种种
1.
主语从句
He is a
teacher.
Learning English well could
take you a lot of time.
a.
由
wh
at
、
wh-ever
等代词引导的主语从句
,
一般放在句首，不能用
it
做形式主语：
What they
are after is profit.
What I want to
know is his address.
What is hard is to
do good all one
’
s life and
never do anything bad.
Whatever was
said here must be kept secret.
Whatever
she did was right.
Whoever comes will
be welcome.
Whoever wants it may have
it.
Whichever you like will be bought.
b.
由连词
that
引导的主语从句
,
在大多数情况下，这个从句都放在句子后部，而用代词
it
作形式上的主语：
That I
may not be able to come is possible. = It is
possible that I may not be able to come.
That
we
need
more
equipment
is
quite
obvious.
=
It
is
obvious
that
we
need
more
equipment.
That he will refuse the offer is
unlikely. = It is unlikely that he will refuse the
offer.
三个固定句型
(
属于此类
)
：
It
+
名称
+
that
：
It is a pity that we
can
’
t go.
It +
形容词
+
that
：
It is clear that Tom
has returned.
It +
过去分词
+
that
：
It is
said/believed/reported/known
that
…
.
c.
由连接代词或连接副词
（或
whether
）引导的主语从句
,
这个从句可以直接放在句首作
1
主语，也可放到句子后部去，前面用
it
作形式主语：
Which is
the better choice is obvious. = It is obvious
which is the better choice.
Who will go
for the meeting has not been decided. = It has not
been decided who will go
for the
meeting.
Where he lost his gold watch
remained a mystery. = It remained a mystery where
he lost
his gold watch..
When we shall have our sports meet is
still a question. = It is still a question when we
shall have our sports meet.
Whether he will join us
won
’
t make much difference.
= It won
’
t make much
difference
whether he will join us.
Why
the old man went to the castle is still unknown. =
It is still unknown why the old
man
went to the castle.
How he had managed to
achieve so much at such a young age fascinated
many people. =
It fascinated many
people how he had managed to achieve so much at
such a young age.
2.
宾语从句
He likes
Chinese very much.
I
’
m surprised at
his young age.
a.
由
th
at
引导的宾语从句，一般做动词的宾语，
that
可以省略
The letter says
(that) they are leaving on the
13
th
.
I
don
’
t doubt (that) they will
be able to overcome the difficulties.
She reminded me that I had a meeting to
attend that evening.
He explained to me
that she had made the mistake chiefly out of
carelessness.
b.
由
what
，
who
，
which, how
，
where
，
when, whether
(if)
等引导的宾语从句，既可以
做动词的宾语，又可以做
介词的宾语
I
don
’
t know whether these
figures are accurate.
I
’
ll read
whichever book you recommend.
I
’
ll show you
what I have put down in my note-book
Has she informed you when they are to
hold the meeting.
She was never
satisfied with what she had achieved.
We can assign the work to whoever is
reliable.
Whether that is a good
solution depends on how you look at it.
c.
在
某些句型中，特别是带符合宾语的句子中，
that
引导的从句
常常移到后部去，前
面用
it
做形式宾
语
We all thought it a pity that the
conference should have been cancelled.
I heard it said
that he has great concert for us.
I took it for
granted that they were not coming.
d.
在“
be +
形容词”这类结构后，
that
引导的从句，有些在概念上接近宾语，而在结
构上却接近状语
I’
m afraid that
I have made a mistake.
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：水平井产液剖面解释方法研究
下一篇：法语常用句型搭配