-
年
级
课程标题
一校
高二
学
科
英语
编稿老师
李敏英
高频词法（八）
——
虚拟语气
林卉
二校
黄楠
审核
陈倍香
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、
假设或建议等，而不是表示客观存在的事实。一般
用于非真实条件句和名词性从句等。<
/p>
虚拟语气是通过动词的特殊变化来表示的。
由于虚拟语
气表达的是一种与客观事实相反的行为状态，
因此其动词的变化形式不同于
陈述语气。
做题
时，
应根据所提供的信
息准确地判断出虚拟语气的类型，
然后再根据其类型的特定表达方式
作出应答。
虚拟语气在历届高考中占分不多，
常以情景交际
形式出现，
考查重点主要集中在
以下几方面：
< br>
1.
在非真实条件句中，虚拟语气主从句时态和结构的对应问题
2.
在非真实条件句中，虚拟语气的倒装问题
3.
名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法
4.
几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法
5.
虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定
在高考试题中，
虚拟语气的考查题型主要是单项选择，
要求同学们能够熟练掌握各种虚
拟语气的动词形式。
一、知识精讲
1.
非真实条件句（
if
等）中的虚拟语气
时间
表示现在情况
If
条件从句的谓语形式
过去式
(did)
(be
常用
were)
表示过去情况
过去完成式
(had
+done)
表示将来情况
①过去式
(did/were)
②
should + do
③
were to do
【例句】
If I had
HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
If I were you, I would give AIDS
patient a hug.
If I had taken your advice,
I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
If he had been there, it wouldn’t have
happened.
If it should
rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an
outing.
I think we
could do it, if we planned it properly and could
borrow the tools.
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主句的谓语形式
would /
could / might / should +do
would / could / might / should +have
done
would / could / might /
should + do
If
we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a
very happy life.
状元典例
1
I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that
they were waiting for me.
A.
had come
B. was
coming
C. would
come
D. would have come
答案
：
D
思
路分析
：
句意为
―
我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。
‖but
I
didn’t
know
表示了过去的时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语
+should
/ would / could / might + have
done
表达，故选
D
。
状元典例
2
—
I left my handbag on the
train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway
official.
—
How unbelievable
to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have
stolen
D. must
have stolen
答案
：
B
思路分析：
考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为
―——
我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运
的是，有人拾到
交给了铁路部门。
——
失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来
可能有人会
偷了去。
‖will have
done
将来可以完成，
must have done
一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的
肯定推测，都与题意不符。
should
have
done
本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希
望有人偷包。
might have done
过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根
据句意应选
B
。
2.
名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的
虚拟语气。
1)
宾语从句
①
一个坚持：
insist
两个命令：
order, command
四个建议：
advise,
suggest, propose, recommend
五个要求：
demand ,
require, request, desire, ask
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。
即从句中的动词使用
should +
动词原形的结
构，或者将
should
省略。
【例句】
We suggested
that Tom have a rest.
He insisted
that I (should )be present.
The
king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next
day.
They requested that we
(should) send them to work there.
注意：
insist /
suggest
各有两种意思，要用不同的语气
insist
i.
表
―
坚决要求
‖,
虚拟
, should + do;
ii.
表
―
坚称
,
坚持说
‖,
陈述语气
,
表事实。
suggest i.
表
―
建议
‖
，虚拟
, should + do;
ii.
表
―
表明、暗示
‖
，用陈述语气。
【例句】
The teacher
suggested that we (should) practise more after
class.
The look on her
face suggested that she was happy.
He
insisted that all of us should be there on time by
any means.
He insisted
that he
didn’t steal
the
wallet.
注意：
与以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从
句包括主语从句，
表语从句和同位语从句
也要使用虚拟语气。从
句中的动词形式一样。
即：
(sho
uld)
＋
V
原形
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相应的名词：
order, advice,
suggestion, proposal, demand, request,
desire
等。
【例句】
My demand is
that she should come to see me once a week.
All of us are for the advice that the
chemical factory should be closed down.
②
wish
的宾语从句
【例句】
I
wish I were a bird.
（现在）
I wish I hadn’t made such a
mistake.
（过去）
We
wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
（将来）
2
）
It’s
necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clau
se
，主语从句中的动词要用虚
拟语气，即（
< br>should
）
+
动词原形
【例句】
It
is important that we ( should ) master a foreign
language.
It is strange that she
refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study
hard.
状元典例
1
Mr.
Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of
attention _____ (
讨论
) at the
meeting.
答案：
(should) be discussed
思路分析
：
―insist‖
引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句结构是
―should‖
（可省略）加
动词原
形，主语
―problem‖
是要
―
被讨论
‖
。
状元典例
2
She insisted that she ________ ill of
him behind him
，
but he didn’t
believe it.
A.
hadn’t
spoken
B.
shouldn’t speak
C.
wouldn’t
speak
D. not speak
答案：
A
思路分析
：
insist
表
―
坚称
,
坚持说
‖,
陈述语气
,
表事实，
所以不用
should+
动词的原形形式。
3.
It’s (about/high) time
+(that)
+
定语从句
【例句】
It’s time
that we went to bed.
It’s
time that we should go
to bed.
4. as if / as
though
引导的方式状语从句和表语从句
【例句】
It seems as
if it were spring.
I remembered
the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.
5.
特殊句型
【例句】
I would rather
you paid me now.
I would rather
you had gone, too.
Don’t come. I
would rather you came tomorrow.
Would you mind if I turned the TV down?
状元典例
George is going
to talk about the geography of his country, but
I’d rather he_______ more
on
its culture.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
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答案：
B
思路分析：
would rather
后应用虚拟语气，对现在或将来的虚拟都用过去式，此句表示
对将来的虚拟，所以用动词的过去式。
二、
难点聚焦
1.
错综时间的虚拟句
通常情况下
,
在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语
动词所指的时间是一致的
,
但有时也
可能指不同的时间
,
这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动
词形式
.
【例句】
If I were you, I would have taken his
advice. (
从句指现在
,
主
句指过去
)
。
If I had taken my raincoat with me this
morning, I would not be wet now.
(
从句指过去
,
主
句指现在
)
。
If we hadn’t been working hard in the
past few years, things wouldn’t be
going
so smoothly.
（从句指过去，主句指现在）
。
If the weather had been more favorable,
the crops would be growing still better.
（从句指过去，主句指现在）
。
If we had not got everything ready by
now, we should be having a more
terrible time tomorrow.
（从句指现在，主句指将来）
状元典例
1
Maybe if I
science, and not literature then, I
would be able to give you more help.
A.
studied
B.
would study
C.
had studied
D.
was studying
答案
：
C
思路分析
：
句意为
―
或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮
助。
‖then
表示过去的时间，
if
引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此谓语动词用过去完成时。
状元典例
2
It
is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing
today if I ________ in
love
，
at the age of
seven
，
with the
Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.
wouldn’t have fallen
B.
had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
答案
：
B
思路分
析：
由
if
从句中的
< br>at the age of seven
可见
fall
这一动作是对过去的虚拟，
if
从句中对过去的虚拟要用
had
done
形式。
2.
含蓄条件句
有时假
设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来
,
而是暗含在上下文中，如通
过介词短语来表
示。这些介词常用：
but for,
without, otherwise
等。
【例句】
But for your
advice, I could not have done it so successfully.
如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做得如此成功。
The change could not have taken place
without the open-door policy.
没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。
I was so busy then, otherwise, I would
have told him the answer.
我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。
比较：
If it were not
for the rain, the crops would die
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If it had not been for your help, we
could not have finished the work ahead of time
状元典例
1
—
Pity you missed the lecture
on nuclear pollution.
—
I
it,
but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B.
had attended
C. would attend
D. would have
attended
答案：
D
思路分
析：
句意为
―——
真可惜你错过了那场
有关核污染的讲座。
——
我本可以去听的，
但我当时忙于面试工作。
‖
对过去的虚拟，用主语
+should / would / could / might + have done
表达，故选
D
。
状元典例
2
Thank you for all your hard work last
week.
I don’t think we
it without you.
?
A. can manage
B. could have
managed
?
C. could manage
D. can have managed
答案：
B
思路分析：
句子大意为
―
我认为没有你的话，我们就不能做成这件
事
‖
，事实是有了你的
帮助，我们做成
了这件事，所以后面的句子是对过去的虚拟，只有
B
项满足此要
求。
状元典例
3
We
_____John’s name on the race list yesterday but
for his recent injury.
A.
will put
B. will have put
C. would put
D. would have
put
答案
：
D
思路分析
：
句意为
―
要不是因为
John
最近受伤了，我
们本应把他的名字加进昨天的
比赛名单中的。
‖but for
是
虚拟语气的提示，
yesterday
表示过去的时间。
对过去的虚拟，
用主语
+should / would / could /
might + have done
表达，故选
D
。
3.
省略
if
的条件从句
当从句中有
were, had
或
should
时，可省略
if
，而把
were had
或
should
放在句首。
【例句】
If I were to
meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.
Were I to meet him
tomorrow,…
If he should
fail in the experiment this time, he would try
again.
Should he fail in the
experiment…
If you had come
a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come a few….
状元典例
4
___the clouds, you would find the
airplane in the sky easily
A.
Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had
not been for D. Were it not for
答案
：
D
思
路分析：
根据句意可知是对现在状况的虚拟，所以选
D
项。
4.
If
only …
要是??就好了
【例句】
If only I knew
his name!
If only we had followed
your advice!
If only I could see him
again!
状元典例
1
Had
I known about this computer program, a huge amount
of time and energy
.
A. would have
been saved
B. had been saved
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